THE MIDDLE COLONIES

Miss Bails

I. Geography of the Middle ColoniesA. New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, DelawareB. Longer growing season, fertile soil

II. New York and New JerseyA. Dutch colony, base for fur tradeB. “New Netherland” split England’s northern &

southern colonies

II. New York and New JerseyC. New Netherland Becomes New York

1. 1664: Charles II (England) granted Dutch land to James

2. James sent warships, Dutch surrendered renamed New York after Duke of York

II. New York and New JerseyD. New Jersey

1. 1665: split from New York, formed new colony2. 1702: new charter as royal colony

III. Pennsylvania and Delaware• Quakers: “inner light,” all equal (no slavery),

refused to pay taxes – Penn granted a charter for area that is now Pennsylvania

A. Penn’s “Holy Experiment”1. 1682: Philadelphia “City of Brotherly Love”2. 1682: “Holy experiment,” Frame of Government,

elected assembly, freedom of religion, fair deals with Native Americans

III. Pennsylvania and DelawareB. Delaware: A Separate Colony

1. Penn’s charter included Delaware; 1704 became separate colony

IV. Growth and ChangeA. 1700s: 20,000 colonists; wheat a cash cropB. Manufacturing: iron, flour, paper; artisans:

shoemakers, carpenters, masons, coopers

IV. Growth and ChangeA. The Backcountry

1. Scotch-Irish, Germans were settling “frontier region”

IV. Growth and ChangeB. Diverse and Thriving Colonies

1. 1750: non-English immigrants created diversity2. Largest cities, busiest ports