the middle east the importance of oil & opec. an important question what do you feel is the...
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THE MIDDLE EAST
The Importance ofOil & OPEC
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An Important Question
What do you feel is the United States’ interest in the Middle East?
a. oil b. protection of Israelc. humanitarian efforts d. a genuine interest in spreading democracye. all of the above
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OIL• Oil is the most important energy
source in the world today.• Oil has changed the Middle East.
– Modern, wealth, armies, weapons.
• Oil is a finite (exhaustible) resource
• Creates a need to regulate and monitor production/distribution
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COMMUNISM vs. DEMOCRACY• The Cold War was portrayed as a fight for Democracy
and freedom. • However, one of its main goals was to make sure that
communism didn’t reach the Middle East• Although there were many communist countries, the
biggest concern and threat was USSR/Soviet Union.• Leaders of western countries didn’t want communism
to spread to the Middle East.• Because they didn’t want the Soviet Union to gain
control over the region.• They didn’t want the majority of the world’s wealth in
the control of communists.
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OPEC• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries• In 1960, all the major oil producing countries got together to form a
cartel. OPEC was founded in Baghdad, Iraq.• They wanted to control the price of oil to ensure that they could get
the highest profit.• Members agree to sell oil at set prices and abide by production limits.
cartel-an association of manufacturers or suppliers with the purpose of maintaining prices at a high level and restricting competition
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• Algeria• Angola• Ecuador• Iran• Iraq• Kuwait
OPEC currently
consists of 12
members• Libya• Nigeria• Qatar• Saudi Arabia• United Arab
Emirates• Venezuela
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Where has all the oil gone?
Projected life of oil reserves by country
Less than 10 yearsUnited States
ArgentinaCanada AustraliaUnited Kingdom Ecuador*IndonesiaNorwayEgypt
*OPEC member
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Where has all the oil gone?
Projected life of oil reserves by country
Less than 50 yearsChina IndiaNigeria* Qatar*Algeria* Angola*Malaysia
RomaniaColombia YemenOman Brunei
*OPEC member
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Where has all the oil gone?
Projected life of oil reserves by country
Less than 100 yearsSaudi Arabia* BrazilRussia
AzerbaijanIran* TrinidadVenezuela*MexicoLibya*
*OPEC member
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Where do WE get our oil?
Saudi Arabia* BrazilRussia
AzerbaijanIran* TrinidadCanadaVenezuela*MexicoLibya*
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Note: Country size is determined by world reserves of oil
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• This has been used as a political tool.• OPEC punished Western nations by not supplying
any oil when they supported Israel in the 1973 Arab-Israeli wars.
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• In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait to keep it from selling more oil than OPEC had allowed.
• The US fought in the Gulf War to protect Kuwait and its oil supply.
GULF WAR
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