the monroe doctrine designed to prevent foreign involvement in weakened spanish western hemisphere...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Monroe DoctrineDesigned to prevent
foreign involvement in weakened Spanish western hemisphere
Written and negotiated by Adams
States that this hemisphere is off-limits to foreign intrusions
Supported by Britain (why?)
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New Democracy, JQA, Jackson, & Van Buren
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I can account for the democratization of American politics in the early 19th century.
I can explain the rising sectionalism in the early 19th century.
I can evaluate the presidency of Andrew Jackson.
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The New Democracy
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Effects of the “New Democracy”New style of politician: More focused on “people” Less elite and less traditional
More policies that favor the South and the West: infrastructure
Indian removal
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The Election of 1824Candidates
John Quincy Adams
Henry Clay
Andrew Jackson
William Crawford
Jackson wins the most popular votes (43% and electoral votes (38%); House will decide the winner
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The Election in the House of Representatives of 1825
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“The Corrupt Bargain”Three days before the House vote, JQA and Clay
meet; Clay then endorses Adams for president
Clay then becomes Secretary of State, “corrupt bargain” alleged; Jackson vows to overturn political system
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The Adams AdministrationProblems as president:
Lacked political skills
Last of the aristocratic, elite presidents
Unproductive, constantly opposed by Jackson’s supporters in the Congress
Never accepted by many Americans as president
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The Adams Administration1828 Tariff (“Tariff of Abominations”): raised
tariff on many items bought by southerners
Opposed by VP John C. Calhoun of S. Carolina
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The “Common Man’s”Presidential CandidateThe “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate
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Background of Jackson
War HeroCreek Wars (1813 -1814)Battle of New Orleans (1815)
Seminole Wars (1818 -1819)Champion of “the People”
Congressman, Senator, and Governor of Tennessee
Self-Made Millionaire
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The Election of 1828Rematch between Adams and Jackson
One of the dirtiest elections in history
The “Coffin Handbill”: accuses Jackson of committing murder during the War of 1812; also accuses him of murder during the acquisition of Florida
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The Election of 1828Accusations against Rachel Jackson of bigamy; true or not?
Jackson never forgives Clay or Adams for not stopping attacks on his wife; her death impacts the way he governs as president
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The Election of 1828
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White House Inauguration, March, 1829
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Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man”in the “Common Man”
Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man”in the “Common Man”
3 Intense distrust of EasternIntense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” “establishment,” monopolies, & special monopolies, & special privilege.privilege.
3 His heart & soul was with His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.”the “plain folk.”
3 Belief that the common man Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon was capable of uncommon achievements.achievements.
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Jackson as President
Governs with emotion; often let passion get in the way of reason
Loved by most, hated by many
Nationalist, opposed sectionalism
Expansive use of presidential power
Made the presidency the center of government
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Political Innovations
• The use of the veto: use for other than “constitutional” reasons
• The spoils system: rotating govt. jobs among supporters
• The “Kitchen Cabinet”: group of “advisors”, mostly wartime friends and Tennessee cronies
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Jackson’s Use of Jackson’s Use of Federal PowerFederal Power
Jackson’s Use of Jackson’s Use of Federal PowerFederal Power
VETOVETO
1830 1830 Maysville RoadMaysville Road projectproject in KY [state of his in KY [state of his political rival, Henry political rival, Henry Clay] Clay]
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The “Peggy Eaton Affair”The “Peggy Eaton Affair”The “Peggy Eaton Affair”The “Peggy Eaton Affair”
Wife of Cabinet member John Eaton; supposed scandalous past led to gossip among wives of other Cabinet members
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Fallout From the “Peggy Eaton Affair”
Jackson demands apologies from Cabinet; all resign except Martin Van Buren
Calhoun resigns as VP,
returns as SC Senator
Eatons leave Washington
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The Nullification Crisis of 1832Causes:
The “Tariff of Abominations”
Growing Sectionalism between North and South
Political conflicts between Jackson and Calhoun
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The Compromise Tariff of 1833Possible military action against
South Carolina
Compromise tariff passed by Henry Clay
Conflict avoided; impact upon 1832 election
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1832 Election
• Clay vs. Jackson
• Rise of third parties:
the Anti-Masonic Party
Innovations:
the platform
the convention method of nominating candidates
William Wirt
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1832 Election Results1832 Election Results1832 Election Results1832 Election Results
Main Issues:Tariff and“King Andrew”
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An 1832 An 1832 CartoonCartoon
““KingKingAndrewAndrew
””
An 1832 An 1832 CartoonCartoon
““KingKingAndrewAndrew
””