The Moon & Earth’s Tilt

What is the Moon?

• A large rock that orbits a planet

• The Earth has 1 moon

• Moons orbit planets• Planets orbit the sun

Moon Facts

• The moon is 240,000 miles from Planet Earth.

• The moon rotates counterclockwise.

• There are holes on the moon’s surface called craters.

• The moon gets its light from the reflection of the sun.

The Sun, Earth, & Moon

Animation of Earth, Moon, & Sun

• Animated Movement of the Moon, Earth, & Sun

Why doesn’t the moon look the same?

• As the moon orbits around the earth, the light from the sun shines on it.

• From earth, we can only see certain portions of the lit moon.

• It takes 1 month, approx. 29 days, for the moon to completely orbit the Earth.

Animation of the Moon Phases

• Moon Phase Animation• Throughout a month, the moon’s position

changes & we can only see some parts of the illuminated moon.

The Moon Causes Tides

• Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon.

• There are two types of tides: High & Low

• High tide occurs twice a day.

Tide Images

• High Tide • Low Tide

Diagram of the Moon Phases

The sun is always shining on the moon.

From earth we can only see certain parts of the moon that are lit by the sun.

Diagram of the Moon Phases

The moon is lit by the sun. However, the lit side of the moon cannot be seen from Earth. The moon appears black during the NEW MOON PHASE.

NEW MOON

Diagram of the Moon PhasesThe moon is lit by the sun. We can only see a small portion of the lit moon from Earth. It is called a WAXING CRESCENT.

WAXINGCRESCENT

Diagram of the Moon PhasesThe moon is lit by the sun. We can see half of the lit moon from Earth. It is called a WAXING HALF MOON or a FIRST QUARTER MOON.

WAXINGHALF MOON(1ST QUARTER)

Diagram of the Moon PhasesThe moon is lit by the sun. We can see a lot of the lit moon from Earth. It is called a WAXING GIBBOUS.

WAXINGGIBBOUS

Diagram of the Moon PhasesThe moon is lit by the sun. We can see the entire lit moon from Earth. This is the FULL MOON phase.

FULL MOON

Diagram of the Moon PhasesThe moon is lit by the sun. We can see a lot of the lit moon from Earth. This phase is called the WANING GIBBOUS.

WANINGGIBBOUS

Diagram of the Moon Phases

The moon is lit by the sun. We can see half of the lit moon from Earth. This is known as the WANING HALF MOON or LAST QUARTER.

WANING HALF MOON (LAST QUARTER)

Diagram of the Moon Phases

The moon is lit by the sun. We can only see a small portion of the lit moon from Earth. This is called the WANING CRESCENT.

WANING CRESCENT

The Phases Build Upon One Another:

Let’s look at the phases all together:

Earth’s Tilt

Day & Night

What is tilting?

• The earth is tilted on its axis 23.5 degrees.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/images/earth_tilt.jpg

How does the earth move?

• Rotation – one complete turn on earth’s axis. – Takes approximately 24 hours to make

one turn. (1 day)

• Revolution – one complete orbit of the earth around the sun. – Takes approximately 365 ¼ days. (1 year)• So why do we have leap year?

What causes day & night?

• As earth rotates on its axis, it turns towards and away from the sun.

• DAY TIME is when your half of the earth is facing the sun.

• NIGHTIME is when your half of the earth is turned away from the sun.

Seasons

Why are there seasons?

• It takes Earth 1 year to orbit around the sun.• As Earth orbits, it is tilted at different angles

towards/away from the sun. • Summer is warmer than winter (in each

hemisphere) because the Sun's rays hit the Earth at a more direct angle during summer than during winter

Equinox

• “equal night”• Sunlight hits the earth most directly at the equator.• Day & night lasts 12 hours at all latitudes. • Spring & Fall

Solstice

• A Solstice occurs twice a year, when the tilt of the Earth's axis is tilted directly towards or away from the Sun, causing the Sun to appear to reach its northernmost and southernmost extremes.

• Winter solstice is the shortest day of the year. In the Northern Hemisphere. It occurs on December 21 and marks the beginning of winter.

• The Summer Solstice is the longest day of the year. It occurs on June 21 and marks the beginning of summer.

A Year of Seasons