the moslem sunrisethe moslem sunrise ... \w taq uoola heena taral-azaaba law anna lee karratan fa...

$: THE MOSLEM SUNRISETHE MOSLEM SUNRISE ... \w taq uoola heena taral-azaaba law anna lee karratan Fa akoona minal ... If Alia h bad ~lided me I should,$
"THE

MOSLEM SUNRISE E D I T E D B Y

5UFi M.R. BE.NGALEE • . ,. , .9 f = / n

, N , o N o~, ~ A N A ~ A ¢ _ ~ ' e "

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I-- Vol. XIV First Quarter, 1942 No. 1 E

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Qu ly A arter Magazine ~.:

Annual Subscription, $1.00 "(England 5 / - India RL 3 / - ) Single Copy 25c :" L

Founded by DR. M. M. SADIQ. Published by THE MOSLF.M SUNRISE PRJESS. 220 So. State St-s Su i te 1010. / CJt]cago, Il l . , U.'S. A m e r . :Z

The Ahmadiyya Movement The Ahmadiyya Movement was founded by Hazrat Ahmad, the

Promised Messiah and Mahdi and the expected Messenger of all nations. In the spirit and power of all the earlier prophets, h e came to serve and re-interpret the final and eternal teaching laid down by God in the Holy Quran. The Movement therefore represents the True and Real Islam and seeks to uplift humanity and to establish peace throughout the world. Hazrat Ahmad died in .1908, and the present Head of the Movement is his secondsuccessor, Hazrat Mirza- Bashirud-Din Mahmud Ahmad under whose directions the/Move- ment has established Missions in many parts of the World, the following being the addresses of some of them: THE LONDON HAFIZ A: G. NASIR H. A. MOSQUE,

63 Melrose Road, Southfields,

London. S. W. 18. Ehgland.

THE AHMADIYYA MOVEMENT IN ISLAM Sufi M. R. Bengalee; M. A..

2--70 So State St., Suite 1010 Chicago, Illinois,

U. S.. America. THE NIGERIAN. BRANCH OF THE SADAR ANJUMAN AHMADIYYAH

P. O. Box 418, l.agos (S: Nigeria)

B. W. Africa. THE AHMADIYYA MOVEMENT, " -

P. O. Box 554. Nairobi, Kenya Colony,

(B. E. Africa). THE AHMADIYYA MOVEMENT.

Mount Karmal, Hal fa (Palestine).

H. A. K. AYAZ KHAN. B.A., LL.B.~

Bo~ernerowo K/Warszawy, No. 18, Telefoniczna Street

Warsaw (Poland) N. A. GHAFOOR SOOFI. F~sq..

C/o H. M. H. Esmail, P. O- Box 551,

China Buildings. Honizkon~ (ChinaS.

Kuni Doma Dori, 4 Choral, 3 Ban

Nad~i Ku, Kobe (Japan) MOHAMMAD SHARIF MALIK,

v/a Milazzo No. 3, .... Piano, 5, Intenno 22,

Rome (Italy). MALIK AZIZ AHMAD

KHAN, Petodje, Oedik,

Gang I, No. 27, Batavia C. (Java).

Dr. MOHAMMAD DIN, Lomina Street, 49,

Belgrade. M. RAMZAN ALI, H. A.

La Gonmnidad Islamia Ahmadia, San I.uis, . 2725-Buenos Aires

(Argentine) M. MOHAMMAD IBRAHIM Nasir., B.A.

Magyarovszagi Iszlam Mission,

V I I . Arena-ut, 7.111 2 Budepast, "Hungary

THE AHMADIYYA MOVEMENT,

Gold Coast, West Africa. ": P. O. Box 39,

Salt ~ Pond. • THE AHMADIYYA MOVEMENT,

Rose Hill, MaUritius. THE AHMADIYYA MOVEMENT,

Box No. 305, G. P . 04 Perth. "~V. Australia.

I !iI

T H E

M o s l e m I I l I I I I I I l I t I I l I I I l I I I I I l l I l l I I l I t I I I I I I I I I t I I e l I I I I I I l I I I I I I I I I I l I U U l l l l I l l # I l l l l l l l l I I I U l I l I I I I I I H I l l l l I I l l l l I I U I t I l l ~ l l l l l I l l l l l l H I l l ~ l l l l l l l l l l I I I I l l

220 S. STATE ST., S U I T E 1010 CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A.

V o l . X I V F i r s t Q u a r t e r , 1 9 4 2 . . , N o . 1 " - ' T "

- . , . ,

":C- -o,n t e n t s - - - : - ,-.:~ :

A Passage from the Holy QUran. . . ,

Tl;e Sayings of

I-xcerpts from t Haz ra t Mi

Islamic Concept By

"l'r,xk-ard Islam

Facts and -F0r,

The Phil6s0pfiy

An Arabic Poe

.~1 ullaminad . . . . . . . . . .

- I - .

Comnaents 0n the Life: c

The Ahmadiyya Mosque,

!

London, England

p , a

In the Name of Allah the Most Beneficent and t h e M o s t C o m p a s s i o n a t e

WE PRAISE HIM AND INVOKE HIS BLESSING ON HIS PROPHET THE EXALTED ONE.

( Colt tiiz.ed from/,~t</e 3 ) but thou didst ~Jenv them and wast proud and wast among 'the disbelievers.

And °m the Day of Resurrect ion. thou shalt see those who lied con- ce, rning Allah. thei r "facts blackened. Is there not in hell an abode for the ai 'rogant ?

And Allah shall grant salvation to those who kmard (against evil.) with success. Evil shall not touch them nor shall t hey grieve.

Allah is the Creator of all things, and H e is the G u a r d i a n over all things.

His are the .keys of the heavens and t-he ea r th : and they. who believe not in the signs of. Allah such are they who are the losers.

( X X X I X 53-63)

T H E M O S L E M . S U N ' R I S E

• w - • • ul IP

A Passage fromthe Holy Quran T r a n s l i t e r a t i o n

(~ul Ya ibadiya-lladheena asrafoo ala anfusi-him laa taqnatoo mir- rah,natillah: hmallaha vaghfirU-zzunooba jamee-a ; Innahu HU-al Gha- fo, wu-r-Rah~enl. " " "

\ \ ' a aneeboo ila l-~ahbi-kunl wa aslimoo lahoo nlin quabli all va-tia l..umnl azaaho lhmnma laa tunsaroou.

\Va-ttabi-oo ahsana Ma iinzila ilaikum mir-I~abbi-kum nfin quabli an- va-tia-l~um-ul azaaho wa antum kt-tash-uroon.

An taquobla nafsml-va-hasrataa ala ma farrattu fee janbillahi wa in kmltu la-mina-ssakhircen- . : -- .

: \w taquoola law amm-llalia hada=nee la-kuntu 'minal-muttaqueen. . : \w taq uoola heena taral-azaaba law anna lee karratan Fa akoona minal

~ mhsineen. F, ala qtmd j a - a t - k a ayatee fa,kazzabta billa Was-takbarta wa kunta

miHal ka-fireen. " "

\Va yaw-real cui~auiati tara-lladheena kazabu ala-llalfi wujulm-hum musawwaddah : a-laker fee jahannama mathwallii mutakabbireen.

Wa-vuna jji-lla-hu-lladheena-ttaquaw bi=mafa-zati-him; la ya-massu- humuss~',-u wa - lhhum vall-zani3on.

Allahu Khaliqu k ulli ~ shai-in, wa-Huwa ala kull i Shai-in-'Wakeel. La-hu maqua-leedu-ssanmwati Wal-ardh~ \Va-lladheena kafaroo b i -

av;C-tillahi Ula-ika humul-khasiroon.

- T r a n s l a t i o n

Say : O my servants who have acted extravagantly against your souls, despair not of khe mercy-of Al lah: verily, Allah forgivetb all sing. Verily, I-Ie is the Forgiving, the Mercifull - " "

And turn unto your Lord and resign unto Him before t h e punishment comes un to vou, for then ve shall not be helped.

A n d follow the bes t 'o f t ha t :wh ich ( the Quran ) . i s revealed unto you hefore tile- cllastisement comes suddenly upon voli and yt; perceive not.

Lest a soul should ~ y : Alas; my grief. I was negiigent o.f my d h t y toward Al lah . and I was indeed among the scoffers ! : :

Or should say: I f Alia h bad ~lided me I should, have been anaong the righteous ! ; '-

' O r should say when it s e e t h : t h e punishment: I f I could have but another Chance, I Would become one of the righteous !i

(But the answer shall be) : Aye, M y conunafldments came unto thee, ( Coiztinued on the bottom o f page 2 )

4 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

J.,...)l o.,

The Sayings of the Master Prophet Muhammad

Anas Ibn Malik relates that the Holy Prophet said: "Prayer is the marrow of worship.." (Tirmudhi)

Ibn Abbas relates that the Hoh, Prophet said" . "Whoso - ever constantly and steadfastly prays to Allah for His fo1:give- ness and mercy. Allah.opens for him a way out of every difficulty, relievesJfini0f every distress and provides for him from tmknown sources," (Aim Daud). "

IIm Omar reports that the Holy Prophet Said: "The doors of Allah's mercy are opened unto those of you for whom the door of prayer is opene& O f the prayers offered unto Him, Allahloves most that you seek protection with Him from the calamities of this world and of the next." (Tr imudhi)

Ja ree r relates that the Holy Prophet said: "Whoso i s devoid of mercy and kindness is devoid of all . . . . " virtues. ( Mus- lim) . . . . . .

Ayesha reports that the Holy Prophet s a i d : "When a servant acknowledge s his sins before Allah and turns to Him repentant, Allah turns to him with mercy,'? (Bukhari and Mus- lim )

Alto Ihtrirah relates that3the Holy Prophet said: "'To, think well and generously of others, forms a part of good wor-

- t .

ship." (Aim Daud) Abu \Vaquidi-nil Laisiyya relates: Once whi le the H01y

Prophet was sitting in the Mosque, surrounded by people, there appeared three persons, two 6f whom Cameneari: the Hoh" Prophet, but the th i rdturned back and went away. The two who came to the Holy Prophet Stood on the fr'inge of the circle of men round him~ Then one of Ahem saw some vacant space among the peopld and sat clown there. The other, however, sat dowr/where he Was. on the outer margin. Upon becoming disengaged, the Holy l?rophet said: "Shall I not tell you about these three men? One of them sought protection ~(ith Allah and Allah gave him protection. Theother was ashamedto turn back and Allah would not. 1"eject :him : but the third one turned away and Allah too shall turn away fronl him." (Bukhari)

T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E $

Excerpts From The :Writings . .

H a z r a t M i r z a G h u l a m A h m a d ': ~The P r o m i s e d M e s s i a h a n d M a h d i

" . ( - i 8 3 6 - 1 9 0 8 )

How omnipotent and" all-supporting is God W h o m I have found, and hmv mighty a r e the powers of God W h o m I have

.~een. The truth isl nothing is impossible wi th Him except that ~which is contrary to His Book andpromise .

Therefore .wl~en thou prayest, pray not like the ignorant naturalists X;,'ho: bel ieve m a fantastic l a w of nature which is not conf i rmedby :the seal of God's Book. They are -the rejected ones of God and their prayers Will not be accepted. They are 'blind and not seeing, dead and not l iving. They set against God the laws which their own fancy h a s f r a m e d and put-limit to the infinite. Divine powers a n d think H i m t o b e

' weak. Hence, the)" wi l l be dealt with, according to. their lack Of faith. : " . . , .-

But. when thou staridest up : fo r prayers, . th0u must have certainty of f a i t h that thv God h a s power over all things. Then t h y prayers will be answered and thou wilt wi tness the wonders Of Divine power s as I have witnessed. My testi- mony in thisl matter is based upon experience and not upon stories. How can a man ' s prayers be answered who does not believe that God i s all-powerful .and how can he be inspired t o p r a y at the time of his-great,difficulties the solution ~f which, he thinks, is against the law. of nature? But thou, blessi~d man, be not so want ing in ..fait.h. Thy God is the ()ne \Vho has suspended: countless s t a r s w i t h o u t pillars, and l)0st tllou distrust that thy God wilt fail to accomplish thy o b j e c t ? Nay, thv mistrust will disappcfinl~ thee. Our God is full of unbounded and wonderful powers which .can be witnessed by those Only Who become His in-truth and.in faith. l t e manifests not His Wonderful powers unto those w h o do not firmly believe His. omnipotence an d who. are not truly

" " N faithfnl to Him. (Klshtl-e- ooh)

fi T H E M O S L E M $ . U N R I S . E

That religion doesno t deserve the name o f religion which does not include broad sympathy w i t h humanity in general, nor does that person deserve to be called a hmnan being :who. has not a syml)athetic soul within hiin.. Our God has not made any invfdious distinction between different-peoples and I-Ie is not unjust to any. The powers and faculties which H e granted to the ancient people of India were also granted to the Arabs,.. the Persians, the Syrians, the Chinese: theJapanese , the I'2uro- peans and : the Americans. /Fol ~ all l :he 'ear th of God serves alike as a floor, and for t~he sake of all, the sun, the moon, and. the stars give their light a n d per form such other functions as God has charged I them with. All people alike derive benefit from air, water , fire. earth and other things create.d by God; " and all equally Use the produce of the earth, its corn and its - herbs, its flowers and its fruits. These are the broad Divine morals which giveqis a lesson.that we. should also be good t o all our fellow beings and should not entertain contracted views and n a r r o w sympathies.

The Holy Quvan opens with a verse which teaches this broad doctrine. The very first chapter of the Holy Quran sa.ys:- All perfect and pure attributes belong to A l l a h W h o is-the Lord of all the different peoples, the different ages and the different countries. The opening of the Holy Quran with a verse which is so broad in its significance shows clearly tha t the Holy Quran refutes the doctrine which sets limit to the vast and unlimited grace, and sustenance of God. reserving the manifestation of these attributes for a single people to the ex- clusion of all others a s i f the lat ter were not the creation of God or as if a f t e r creating them God utterly forgot them or threw them away as useless and futile things." For instance the Jews and the Chris t ians to this day believe that all the prophets " and the messengers of God who appea red in the world came .only from a single branch of the great human family, ie, the

~ . . * ,

Israelmes, and thaf God was alwa3,s so displeased with all the other nations of the world that even finding them in e r r o r and ignorance. H e never cared, for them in the least. Even Jesus Christ is reported to have said that he had been. sent only to the lost sheep of the house Of ]srael. A claim to divinity, .even if we admit this claim in the case of Jesus fO r the sake-of argu- ment. is surprisingly inconsistent with such nar row and cone tracted views. Was cfirist only the God o f the Israelites.. and was he not equally the God-o f other people, that he declared

- T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E 7

himself to-have no concern with the guidance and reformation o f other peoples?

Beliefs similar to these are.also entertained by the Arya .<amaj: Like the Jews and the Christians who regard prophec~" and.re;:elation as the sole possession Of the house of Israel and consider other people as unfit for the boon, the Arya Samajists-

:; believe that Divine revelations never: outstripped the l i m i t s o f Ind ia , that the Almighty G o d a h v a y s chooses four :Rishis from t he l,'ind of the. Aryas and reveals over and over again the same texts of the Vedas through: them, selecting ahvays the same lan~mge, ie., Sanskrit for the expression of His-will.

Thtis the Jews and.the Christians on the onehand , and the .-\rya Samajis ts .on the Other, do not recognize the Ahnighty God to be the Lord of . the worlds. For if Such were not the case, there is no reason-that God-Who is the Lord of all the worlds and of all peoples a n d n o t the Lord of the Israelities or the Lord of the Aryas alone, shotfld riot have regarded as:, choosing a single people .for the manifestation of His will, like a biased and one-sided nmn. I t is. therefore, to refute this erroneous doc t r ine tha t the Ahnightly God has opened t h e H o l y

i. book with the verse quoted above. I n another place, the Holy Quran says in plain-words :. There is no people amon[/ ~;hom a

', warner (prophet or ,messenf/er:i~f God) has:not .been sent. In i fact:.it will be admitted w i t h o u t a n y cont roversy tha t the true

and perfect God in Whom weal l must believeis the Lord of all tlae worlds. His sustenance is not linfited to a particular tribel or a pai'ticular age, or a particular country, but He is the Sus- tainer of all people, the Lord of -a ! l ages, the. King of all countries, theFounta in -head of all grace, the Source of ever)- power., physical and spiritual, the Nourisher:of all that is creat-

i ed and the Supporter of all th.atexists. • The Divine Morals being so broad, it beh0vesus to imitate

t h e m . . . "

[ . . . ( T H E M E S S A G E OF P E A C E )

Arise, Man, the Citizen o f the "~Vorld Reach o u t and take t h e stars . . . . Enter in to your birthright O, Sweet i s the nmsic of humanity. " " I n t h e ears Of the Inheritors of the Future: ' --.

By Dame Sybil Thruster .O.B.E. The.Weekly Review. :London " .

| T H E - M O S L E M S U N R I S E

Islamic Conception of God By~

Hazrat Mirza Bashir-ud-din Mahmud Ahmad, Khalifa-tul-mashi II,

Head o f the Ahmadiyya Movement In Islam

Islam describes G o d a s a Perfect Being, possessing every excellence.: The opening verse of the Holy ( )uran runs:

"'All praise is due to 2111ah. the Cycalor ~tnd 5~ushiincr o.f ~11 the worlds." As God has created all things, and ~ill things depend on hi4n for their sustenance, He a lone deser~,es all praise for the beauties and excelli~nces t o be f~und indif ferent things, f o r all these beaiities and excetlences a r e derived from God: T h e beauty o f a scene, the charm of a write, th/~ fra: grance of a flower, the softness of a bed, the da in t iness o f a dish, in short the beauty and chai-m Of all that pleases and ap- peals t~ the senses of man. is created and. bestowed by Gc~dl :

The verse then proceeds: "~r-Ruhm~Tn, ar-.R~him", i.e., God has, out of his pure Grace and Bounty, c rea ted all those things the need 0f Which was to be felt b y m a n ; f o r instance. light and air ; fire and water : different kinds o.f food ~/nd medi- cines: t imber, iron, stones, etc. H e has created so manv things for the use and research of man, that whichever way h e tu rns he finds enough to occupy his attention and is affor¢ied countless opportunities of improx, ing and perfecting his knowledge and capacities. In fact, man cannot possibly feel any need which has not beefi met and provided before l~is birthi'" All this has been done under God's attribute of Rahmaniyyat .

Again, He has been called ":R~Theem" in the FIol~, Quran, that is to say, H e rewards all labour and effoi-t according tO its deserts. Man!s efforts is never wasted, and he is ever re- awarded in true proportion t o i ts merits.

Again, H e is called "Malik-i-Y~zum-id-Din". i.e., He i s t h e Master of the Day of Retribution. In <~ther words, apar t from the operation:of the laws of Nature , and the rewards or punish- merits which are meted out contemporaneously, He has f i k e d the limits of e v e r y action, and as soon as t h o s e limits are reached, final judgment is passed o n each action whereby the good are rewarded, and the evil ones are punished, subject always to this, that under His attribute of "Malil~,iyyat'" it is al-

T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E 9

ways open to Hi]n to forgive and to r emi t the pnnishment. 9 0

Again, He is i:alled "Qadcc" . that is tO say, He has fixed the na tu re and propert ies of all tliings, for if this had not been

.<., there would have been constant confus ion a n d disorder in the ~('orld and the affairs Of the world would have come to an e n d . . I f men had not been certain about the.nal~ure, effect and l~ropel:ties of things, thev could neve r have under taken any w0rk,-not knowing what results .it might lead to. " For instance, ,t man who desires to cook f o o d i i g h t s a fire in the certain belief that fire would produce.heat... I f the product ion of heat had not been t h e fixed proper ty of. fire, and the; ex t inguish ing of fire had ilot been t he fixed p roper ty of water , if fire had sometimes l~roducecl heat and at. o ther t imes had Caused cotd. if water had Sometimes ext inguished fire and at o ther t imes had set it alight, nobody cou ld h a v e derived an)" benefit f rom them. and m e n would have lost hear t in despair and would .eventually have Perished.

"Mleem . that i s to Similarly, God has been described as ' " say. He has knowledge of secret as w e l l a s of manifes t things. I-le is ffware of the secrets of a man ' s h e a r t and knows all hidden things. He is acquainted with the-hidden secrets of man 's na tnre of which . the lat ter is no t e+en himself aware. Th ings buried under the ear th and those placed on m o u n t a i n t o p s are equally within His knowledge. He knows that which is past arid that which is to c o m e . . : . . .

He j s " S a m e e Y that is. H e hears every th ing ; the sl ightest wisper does not escape Him and the sound of crawl ing ant, and of the blood C o u r s i n g t h r o u g h a man 's veins reaches Him.

H e is Ha33,'" that is. He is Himse l f alive and bestows l i fe on others.

He is "Khaliq2"" the Creator . " " t ! , I I - H e is "Qa33ztm,. that is, He suppo r t s the existence of

others. H e is "Samad,': that is, no th ing can exist wi thout His sup-

port and assistance.. ; • : " " . _ He is "Ghafur,'" that is, H e .forgives our trespasses. He is "Qahhar," that i s , all th ings ar e subject to t t i s

power. He is "Jabbar.'" that is, H e remedies ail ills and disorders. H e is "14Zahhab. "' tha t is, H e bestows favours and bounties

,,n H i s creatures. He is "'Sit bbMz,'" that is, H e is f ree f rom all defects . He is "'Qttddns,'" that is, H e conaprises in H i m s e l f all kinds

1

10 "ri le MOSLP-M S U N n I S E l

• of purity and holiness. ,- "t~ H e d o e s not sleep, 11oi" is He fatigued. He is Eternal and

Ever-existihg. He is "Mulmimiu." that is, He guards all things. ~ I t is

under the work ing of this Divine attribute that m a n is guarded from evils and sufferings, of the.apl)roach of Which he m a y n o t . even be aware. ]:le is very often saved from a disease or a calanfity by secret inflflences which h a v e heen working in his favour. As soon as a disease attacks t h e human system, counter influences begin to destroy germs of the disease. °So long as a man does not persist in acting rashly: a.nd breaking~he laws Of nature, he is saved from ma.ny of the evil consequenhes of his conduct. God Says in the H01y Quran : I f God were to start punishing men for~alt their irregular!t iesof conduct not one of them. would have been spared ( X \ I , 6.1 ).

In short, God possesses all perfect attributes ariel l t i s mercy encompasses all things, as He says "'My mercy encompasseth all tlZingS." I n other wor(ls, H i s a t t r ibu tes of anger and- punishment are governed by His attributes of mercy.

]-Ie . . . . . . ' . . . . , .... i s M h a d , that m, n 0 t h m g Is His equal: He is "Ii~'W- hid," that is, all things had their origin in His command and .He is the first cause of all creation. Many other attributes of His are mentiofied ifl .the Holy. Ouran, which show that I s lam teaches a perfect conception,of God as possessing at t r ibutes which create love on the one hand a n d fear on the.other, b o t h of which ar~ indispensable .for a perfect relationshil~ between man and God. - " " - "

Every sensil)le person will realize that perfect tmity a n d perfect obe.dience can be produced only either by love o r by fear. No doubt; love is the higher and the more perfect relationship, but there is equally no doubt that some natures are affected by not~aing but fear. ,. ,'\: religion, therefore, Which does not emphasize the /Div ine atti'ibutes both o f mercy and Of punishment can never be iiniversally beneficial. In Considering the sources of human conduct, a religion must h a v e r e g a r d , not only to the tootires ~yhich influence the higher classes of people, but to the motives governing the actions of all classes and con~ ditions of men. In fact, the higher classes of people ar e generally na tura l ly inclined towards good, and t h e greater part of our ,a t tent ion mnst be-devoted to those xvho have fa l len low and have wholly forgotten t.heir duties as human beings. This class of people, wi th ra re exceptions; is amenable only to fear.

(Contiuited ou bottom ne.rt pa.qe)

T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E I1

! T o w a r d Islam I;

Islam is the most misrepresented and the least understood i~f all the great religious svstems of. the world. F o r centuries, this noble fa i thhas been n~ercilessly assailed as a militant and un~/difying religion. A very darkpicture of it has been painted by the misinformed writers and propagandists. Consequently, @palling ignorance concerning Islam and its votaries prevail among the Occidental people. " • • It: is highly ~-atifying to note that as a result of-the rapid

growth of Contactbetween the East and the West and through the efforts of the followers of the Ahmadiyya Movement, the

i light of Islam is gradually penetrating the Western world. As the v, eil of misrepresentation, misunderstanding and ig-norance is being lift~/d; people are being attracted toward it as though Jiv the law of gravitation. Manifest Signs a re visible in the h~,rizon which promise a magnificient future for. Islam in the

: West. The prophecy made by ttie Ho ly Prophet Muhammad that the sun (Islam) will rise in the West is being fulfilled.

in the following lines, we will disctiss briefly certain trends i : of the Western .wOrld toward Islam.

Divinity or: Godhead of Jesus. Trinity, Vicarious atone- .ment and that m~in is born in sin and-shaped in iniquity are anlon~ the important beliefs and doctrines upon which the

" Christian church is built.

and no moral or spiritual reform can be effected in this class unless it is.attended with the prospect of loss'or harm. A

• religion.which claims to bring all mankind in direct relationship with God. must, therefore, have regard to this character- istic of human nature. In describing the attributes of God, Islam has so balanced the differentattributes that no more perfect combination could be: imagined which could attract and

, control the different natures of men; The attributes both of Love and:Anger have been emphasized, subject to the assilr- ance}"M3, Mercy encompassethall thin:Is.'" that is, that Mercy overcomes Anger. for the object of the latter is to reform and not to inflict pain. ( A H M A D I Y Y A T OR TRUE ISLAM)


A careful stud)' of the .radical changes through which Christianity .has been passing for, a long time, reveals that a Considei-abie n u m b e r of its adherents .has dr i f ted away from the alcove-mentioned traditional and orthodox beliefs. Begin- ning with the Uni tar ian sect, inmmlerable Christian denomina- tions have s p r u n g up, which flinging Godhead of Jesu:~i and Trini ty to the winds, have accepted the pure ly Islamic monotheism" helief in One and the Onh" God. L i k e the *Ioslems. they believe in Jesus a.s a man and a great prophet, nothing- more than that.

Likewise many Ctu'istians have come to realize the fall~icy of the doctrine of-vicarious~ atonement. The); have become convinced that salvation of man cannot dependup.on thehlood of Jesus. Man has , to work out his own salwtti0n by. submit.- t ing himself to the will of God and t hrou,~'li his own good work. This is Islamic helief.

: \side from the ignorant and blind followers, the Upl~er strata 0f the Christian: faith have reco~fized the immorality of the monstr, ous doctrine, tha t nmn is horn in s in and Shaped in iniquity. The truth has dawned upon them that man is born pure and sinless. Evil is not inborn , i nna te or na tu ra l with man. The sheet of h0ma.n nature is l ierfectly cleam This is Islamic teaching.

Celibacy is virtue in Christ iani ty.but vice in Islam. The Holy .Ouran proclaims: "'Thet:c is no;celibacy in IslamY The

o

Holy Prophet. Muhammad says : "Marr iage is my precept and example. Those who do n o t follow my precept and example are not of me." Thus Islam has exalted the institution o f marr iage as marr ied life is the most righteous life.

With the march of progress the Christians had to Submit to this Moslem principle which has gained ground in Christen- dora with the result that celibacy has heefi practically extir/- ,~atished. " ~

There is no saction of divorce in Chr is t iani ty . "['he Bible says: "W'hosoever shall put away his z¢~ifi', saz;iny .for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit aduiterw and who: soever si~ali marry her that ~s divorced, coinmittet'h adultery." (Math. V-32). In str iking contrast, Islam a l lows divorce under certain circumstances when it becomes an unavoidable n e c e s s i t y . At the same time, Is lam takes every precaution so that divorce may not become a menance to the sacred institu: tion of marr iage and t h u s d e s t r o y the home life. The saying


,,f .Muhanunad in this regard is deeply significanti " O f all t h e t~tz~jul things, divorce is the most lmteful. '" So Islam allows ,liVorce but puts stringent restrictions upon it. The result-is that there is no marriage and divorce problem in the world of I s l a m .

Islamic law ~'hich is the natural law, the law of God, con- t inueswith inflexible tenacity proving to the world that "the llttest survive., For centuries, the Christians brought:accuse- titan of blasphemy against Islam on account of its sanction of ,li~'orce. But with the mai-ch of time, most of the Christian .~overnments were compelled to annul the indissolubility of marria~ze land (o adopt the ISlamic principle of divorce b)~ laws, lhough without the wise and effective restrictions of islam. The result is that the pendulum has swung to the otherextreme. l)ivorce has'become so comnion in the Western countries that it has shaken the very foimdations of the structure of society.

The contribution of Christianity toward removing the evil ,,f drinking is next to nothing. O n the contrary, the New Testament fin-nishes abundant warrant f~r in~lulgence. Jesus's ,h-inkin~,: ofwine .~ives it the stamp of sanction. Islam has put absolute veto on all intoxicants. The success of Islam in eradi- cating this evil ix kvitllout parallel in the annats:~f history. The \Vestern World has come t~i recognize that drinking is a great stumbling-block to the growth of civilization. There is a universal ct~nd~mnation of this great evil. America adopted the laW of prohibition. Though i t met with complete and tragic failure, it set a noble precedent~in ilnpressing upon the world the SUlweme impcwtance and the utmost necessity of adopting ~the Islamic law of prohil~ition.

The main prc)blem of our generation is the economic par- alysis which is deepl.v rooted in the cencentration Of wealth. This is f a s t ¢h:ivinff the ~Vestern world toward Islam. which alone .holds the key to the solution of the vexed economic dis- cwder. By its law of inheritance, by its han:on interest, and by the instit(lti(in of Zakat or poor rate:; Islam removes the evils ~f caI)italisn,! and effects a rapprochement between capital and

lah¢~r and givesa wide and equitable distributi01a of wealth.

"' LL't itot o~w imtiolt desp ise a lmther; hap~, the one wh ich i s despised m a y turn out better t h a n the one wh ich despises."

. . . . . (AI;Quran XXX :11)

. {


II .

.-\fter the World \Var i, the deinocratic inations were thoroughly carried away by the dream of peace th rough dis- arnlament. The idea ofT the achievement of peace through.disarmament was a t ragicfol ly , for which they had to pay dearly. "['he s taggering blows which the)" have been receiving since the outbreak of the present_ conflict are the direct result of their policy of unl)reparedness. Those Who believed they would .secure peace by disarming themselves lived in the world of un- realities. \Ve have not reached the age of millennium, where the wolf and the lamb can drink peaceftflly together from the same fountain. Even in these days of " l ight" and: "civilization", unfortunately, nfight often makes right. Words which carry the r ing o f command in the mouths Of thelstrong Sound as the idle prattle in the mouths Of the weak. The lessons of history must not he forgot ten. D i s a r m a m e n t has never served the purpose of p reven t i f lgwar , n o t has unpreparedness proved conducive to peace. The re fo re , ;ill those who are interested in building a New World Order in which peace shou.ld feign su~ preme, must be ready to mee t the demands Of peace : they must shoulder the responsil)ilitiesand risks of maintaining it. namely. they must keep themselves armed adequate ly and . fully in land, sea and ",iir forces so that any lmtion or combination of nations with aggres ivedesigns; may not dare to infr inge upon the integri ty of the o t h e r nations, terri torial 6 r otherwise: Unless this is done. all efforts t6 estahlish-internatiohal peace will end in total failure.

Islam offers preparedness -for war as one of the most effective and indespensable means for the nlaintenance o f peace. In 1924 when the ci-aze 0f disarmament swept over -Europe a n d America, Hazar t Mirza B a s h e e r u d d i n M a h m u d . Ahmad, the Supreme H'ead of the Ahmadiyya Movement wrote:

"Islam emphasizes the impor tance of preparedness for war as a means of promot ing peace. So long as diverse governments exist in the world there will' a lways be apprehension of war." U n l e s s y o u are ful ly prepared for self-defense, a perfidious e n e m y may , taking advantage of your weakness and unpreparedness, be tempted to attack you~ So, I s lam does not a l low a M o s l e m - S t a t e to offer temptat ion to other nations to make war upon it, re lying upon. i t s neglected defenses. A Mos l em nat ion must therefore ever be fu l ly prepared for self , defense." ( T H E T R U E I S L A M PP. 351-352)

T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E . . I I

Incidentally, Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. Churchill, who have mldertaken upon themselves the task of the £uture reconstruc- tion of the world, are disappointing in this.nmtter. Instead of advocatingthe vital necessity of maintaining t.he superiority ,,f armed strength against all. aggressions; they have propounded, in the Atlantic Charter, the. theory that they will "aid and encourage all other practical measures which will. ligl~ten for petite loving: peoples the crushing burdens of.armaments." May we point out, world peace will be utterly impossible of ;Ltta.inment, without armaments. In other words, a surest wavto ax,0id war is to remain fully preparedfor it.

The Atlantic Charter formulated by: Mr. Roosevelt•and 3Iv. Churchill provides a striking parallel with \Voodrow Wil- son's majestic vision of building a New VVorld. This historic document represents an. earnest endeavor, on the part of its authorS, to finish what Wilson started twenty-three years ago, and holds out to mankind a refreshing pi-omise of peace and security. Wilson's dream,-however, was n o t fulfilled; the I . ea~e of Nations. which constituted the Chief instrument for the accomplishment of his purpose, u.tterly failed. Among the various factors Which contributed to its failure, two are conspicuous: First, America took no part in it and without her support itcould not survive. Second, it did not possess adequate armedstrength, without which it could not succeed.

We have ali?eady dwelt upon the second reason why the League of Nations failed. Concerning the first, may we point out that the American people pursued a policy of isolationism for twenty years . During this fateful •period, they went '

• through g great experience and .education. They discovered that in the world of today; isolationism is no longer possible. Thet imes are long past when nations could afford to remain "isolated", "aloof'~, -"neutral", or "self-sufficient" in their own:specificsphere. What affects one nation invariably and materially affects the others. The world, has, indeed; become exceedingly small and the idea of purely natignal states is swiftly approaching its end. The world is fast coming to realize that it is a u n i t ~ a comnmnity 9 f nations. Particularly, the inexorable course Of events compelled the American peopIe to throw their isolationism.and neut.rality overboard: their soldiers, at last. found themselves engaged in a deadly, earth- wide combat, side by side with those of their •allies. It has also

.°


become i n c r e a s i n g l y ev iden t t ha t I ' r e s i den t R o o s e v e l t has con- s i s t en t ly f o l l o w e d a s o u n d i o r e i g n pol icy.

111 the l ight o f the al)ove discussi()n, t h e f o l l o w i n g will, be r e ad wi th i m m e n s e i n t e r e s t :

"For the Settlement of international disputes Islam lays down rules which contemplate a .body like the newly created League-o f Nations, al though the latter does not ye t embrace functions which Islam enjoins on such a body. : The Holy Quran says : ' If two Moslem nations fall out, make peace /between them (i.e.; other Moslem

• / " ,

nations should t ry to prevent a war between them, and should t ry to remove the cause of friction and should awhrd to each its just rights). But i f one of them still persists in-at tacking the other (and does not accept-the~ award of the League of Na t ions ) : then all must . fight the former, till it submits to the command of Allah (i. e., till. it is willing to abide by an equii(able set t lement) and when it so submits, make peace between them, arid act with justice and equity, for God loves the just. ' ( X L I X : 9 ) .

"The verse lays down the fol.lowing pr inciples , for the maintenance of international, peace:

"As soon Ks there-are indications o f d i s a g r e e m e h t between two. nations, the other na'tions, instead of taking sides with one or the other of them, should at once serve a notice upon them, calling upon them to submit their differences to the League of Nat ions £or settlement. If they agree, the-dispute will b e amicably settled. But if one of them refuses to submit to the League,. or having submitted refuses to accept the award Of the League, and prepares to make. war, the other natibns should all fight it. It is apparent, however, that one nation, however strong, cannot withstand the united forces of all other nations and is hound to make a speedy submission. In t h a t event, terms of peace s h o u l d b e set t led-between t h e two original parties to the dispute. The other nations should act merely as a r b i : trators and not a s parties to the dispute, and should not put forward claims arising Out of the conflict with the refractory nation, for that would' l ay - the foundation Of fresh disputes and dissensions. In settling the terms of peace between the belligerent nations care should be taken, that the terms arrived at are just and equitable with refer- ence to the merits of the dispute. The arbi t ra tors should not be influenced by the fact that one of the parties had defied their aia{hor- ity." ( T H E T R U E I S L A M P. 352-354)

T h e p r inc ipa l Cause o f t-he l , r e sem w a r can well be ex- p r e s se d in t w o w o r ds , e x p l o i l a t i o n and j e a l 0 u s y . . q o m e n a t i o n s c a r r y o11 g r a n d i o s e ac t iv i t i e s .in t h e i r far-flun.ff e m p i r e s b y expl~)it ing the b a c k w a r d peoples o f the .world. l )ol i t ical lv and economical lv~ T h i s s t i m u l a t e s i iealousy and c o v e t o u s n e s s in o t h e r p(~wel"ful n a t i i m s w h o a lso seek t o ga in s imi l a r d o m i n a n c e o v e r c e r t a i n w e a k e r coun t r i e s . H e n c e . t h i s m a d f a c e o f a r m a - m e n t s and m e c h a n i z e d f iwces and this t raff ic d r a m a o f dea th .


, les t ruct ion and devas ta t ion . / s lam lays d o w n golden principles which s t r i k e at the

l:oOt o1" ~ t lch c a t l s e s o1" in te rna t iona l rup tu res , and p romotes ~:m'Id peace . . . .

"The Holy Quran says: 'Lift not thine eys toward those worldly ' benefits which we have bestowed upon other nations; these are but

the embellishrrients of the earthly life and we have created them and distributed them in certain prgportions among various nations in order to enable eacl~to develop its national talents to perfection. That which your Lord bestowed upon you is best suited for you and more endur- ing ?'. '}..i

"In the: above verse God says, that every nation devote all its en- ergies to the development of its own talents and take full advantage of all the natural gifts and resources which God has bestowed upon it. The exploitation or the plundering o f other nations can by no means be of any permanent benefit and leads to ultimate distress and trouble." (The T R U E ISLAM PP 349-350)

l ' res ident Roosevel t and P r i m e M i n i s t e r Churchi l l have recognized the a h o v e Is lamic pr inciples as the hasis o f the Fu tu re V¢orld Orde r . T h e t irst th ree points o f the eight points as set fo r th in the f a m o u s Atlantic: C h a r t e r read as fo l lows :

First: Thei r countries seek-no aggrandisement, territorial or o ther . .

Seconlt: They desire' no territorial change tha t .do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the pe0pleconcerned.

Third: They respect the right of the people to choose the form of government under which they live ; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self-government restored to thosewho have been forcibly deprived of them.

These a re l o f ty pr inc ip leS, . lof t ih ' exp re s sed and w i t h o u t the adol)tion o f these p r inc ip l e s du rab le peace can n o t be :tcliieved. T h e i r real lo f t iness : however , will b e pu t to the test in the i r appl ica t ion a t the conclusion o f peace a f t e r the war . All those who a r e i n t e r e s t e d in btfi lding a N e w W o r l d will do

,well to bea r in mind the folio.wing m a t t e r s :

First: England and her allies adopted,the system of "Mandates" at the end of the World War I. Was it not "aggrandisement" and

con t ra ry to the very first principle, enunciated by :Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. Churchill? We sincerely hope, the same fatal, mistake will nol: be repeated.


Second: W h a t about Palest ine? The Arabs f o r m t h e vas t ma- jor i ty of the populat ion of the country . . -After the Wor ld W a r i, the foreign J ews were introduced into t h e H o l y Land. a g a i n s t " the freely expressed wishes of the people c o n c e r n e d ' r a t h e Arabs, iander the/i l l-famed Balfour Declarat ion and. in f lagrant violaton of Bri tain 's t reaW wi th the Arabs, w h o were forcibly depr ived of their "sovereign r ights and se l f -government" . L e t us hope t h a t those upon .whom devolve the task of establishing. Fu tu re Wor ld Peace will not make the same mis take again. In other words, they will not make any terr i torial changes tha t will be con t ra ry to the wishes of the A r a b s , m "the people concerned" in Palest ine a n d tha t " the sovereign rights and se l f -government will be res tored to them so . tha t they •will be permitted~to live under a -government of their own choosing.

Thi rd : Le t the. p rob lem of India be solved compat ib le wi th the noble principles ou t l ined in the Atlant ic Charter. I t i's of vital importance t h a t t h e people of India obtain " the r igh t to c h o o s e the form of government under which they will live." N o foreign power

l , * ' ~ should be al lowed tO pursue a policy of aggrandmement w h i c h will run counter to .the interests and wel fare of. India and con t ra ry to the wishes of the "people concerned".

] : •

f . • • . " / • .

T h e r e w a s a l i t t le p o s t a g e s t a m p .

NO b i g g e r t h a n y o u r t h u m b - .-- " -. .

B u t stil l i t s t u c k r i g h t on t h e j o b . . . .

U n t i l - i t s w o r k w a s clone . - . . : • .

T h e y l i cked it a n d the): p o u n d e d it .

T i l l i t w o u l d ma l~e .vou s ick

B u t t he m o r e it t o o k a l i c k i n g " - -

W h y , . t h e t i g h t e r it would , s t i ck • •

Yes , t he s t a m p s t u c k tO t h e l e t t e r . . . : _

T i l l , s a w it s a f e l y t h r o u g h - " . " ~

• T h e r e ' s n o o n e cou ld do b e t t e r . ' - "

L e t ' s k e e p . s t i c k i n g ant i b e - t r u e - ,

S c o t t ' s M o n t h l y J o u r n a l

J a n u a r y 1 9 4 2


Facts and Forces World Troubles a n d the W a y O u t

T h e world has waxed full o f sin, and rebellion and - . .

transgressions abound and God's wra th is kindled. He will now reveal His face and will compel the world into submission.

The world has denied H i m and has persisted in its denial, has d i shonoredHis word, and has fo rgo t t en the day of His meeting, has mocked t h e d a y of Judgment . The rust of mater ial ism has eaten into t h e souls of men, and they imagine that the prophets of God were men who possessed persuasive tongues and invented systems of religion to keep men within bounds; and they imag ine tha t they c a n pre- sume to teach God and rule over H i s word.

Ex t ravagance has increased and the love of the world has captured the h e a r t s o f men. Mar/ is being associated with God as His partner . . . . Millions are being spent to in- duce men tO renounce the worship of O N E T R U E GOD.

God bore aU this w i t h patience and w h e n men refused to pay at tent ion to H i s revealed word, He sent His Promised Messenger in order to win men 1sack to God, and he showed sign a f t e r sign and miracle after miracle and with unt i r ing patience and love, he called men to the ways of peace, and on their persisting in t h e ways. he warned them saying:

"O Europe! Thou art not secure, nor ar t thou 0 Asia! and ye tha t dwell in islands, no self-made deitY shaU save you.

"I see cities falling and towns des01ate. Foul deeds have been done in God's sight, and H e has remained silent

f o r a.time, and He will now reveal His face and wiU strike •. terror in the hearts of men. Let him who ha th ears hear,

for the h o u r is nigh. " I have striven to gather you under the wing's of God's

peace but the decrees of fate are inevitable. "Verily, I Say unto you tha t t h e t u r n of this country is

approaching. Ye shall behold the age of Noah and witness t h e day of Lot.

B u t G o d is slow in His wra th : repent t h a t y e may be forgiven. He who forsakes God is a w o r m and not a man, he is dead and not living." (Hazra t Abroad)

20 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E .

T h e O u t l o o k f o r E t h i o p i a ,.

The statement of policy announced by. ~lr. i :den o11 l:ebru- arv 5, 1941", ImtS the Brit'lsh ( iovernment under a .double obligation, first to the F.thiopian peopl e and secondly to the world as a whole. \Ve are pledged to the Ethiopians to restore the Independence of their state under the Emperor Halle Selassie and provide hiln With assistance and guidance, both in political and economic matters, for which he has asked. And we are pledged to the world a s : a w h o l e to abstain from territorial ambitions in Eth iopia and to make anv "assistance anil guidance" the subject_of international a r1:a-ngement at the conclusion of peace." For the time bding, however , dtiring a period whic-'h.whether short or. long. is-lmund to. be decisive for future developments, t he ,guidafice-of Ethiopia is a purely British responsibility and it is British advisers who a re engaged in discharging it.

Let us consider the lwoblems Whicli have to be faced. The tirst ~md most urgent . is the organization of an effective military force for the-restcwation and maintenance of internal or~[er. One o f the earliest in-onouncements of the l -mperor on his re tu rn :was that he intended to .eStablish a national army. The nucleus for this exists in the patriot_bands who joined with the Bri t ish:regular : forces in expelling thd Italians. Now is the moment for welding them into a permanent and disciplined force available to enforce the comnmnils of the central gm, ern- ment. \Vhen this has' been ach icveda great step will have been

*"His Majesty's Government would Welcome the appearance of an independent Ethiopian State, and recognizes the claim of the Emperior Halle Sellassie to the throne . The Emperor has intimated to His Majesty's Government that he will need outside assistance and guidance. His majesty's Government agree with this view, and consider any such assistance and guidance in economic and political matters should not be the subject of international arrangements at the conclusion o f peace. T h e y affirm that they have themselves n o . territorial ambition in Abyssinia.

"In the meanwhiie the conduct of military operations by Imperial forces in parts of Abyss in ia will require temporarymeasures of military guidance a n d control. These will be carried out in consul tat ion with the Emperor, and will be brought to an end as soon as the situation permits."

T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S I ~ 11

• ~aken towards modernizing the government of the country, ior a recalcitrant provincial governor will no longer be in a position to defy the Enlperor. The "King ' s Peace" will have l)een iml)osed on the unruly barons.

The next task will lie to change thi~ system o f administra- rion throughout the province, car ry ing far ther the expe r inaen t

•' ah'eadv made hef0re the war. H e r e everything will depend on • the ch~)ice of the r ight men as governors, a matter in which ihe l£mperor's hands are not• entirely free, as he cannot simply s e t a s i d e the older genera t ion of "Rases". especially those that have remaine(i faithful to him throughout the years of trial. The, i)roblem ix to some extent eased b y the th inning of the ranks of the older chiefs. ]~tit aga ins t this must be set the ir- a;el)arable loss of most of the young men Who had been educated for leadershil): T h e g r e a t e r part of them perished in the in- ,liscrinlinate massacre at Addis Ababa which followed the attempt on Marshall Graziani 's life.

But the re is anothi~r difficulty of an even more insistent kin(l which confronts the E m p e r o r a n d his advisers - - tha t of finance. Unde r theo ld Ethiopian system the provincial officials, the a r m e d forces and the Church+ lived upon the proceeds o f what could b e raised locally. No accounts were natural ly kept in the provinces nor, in si)ite of the efforts of the American financial adviser, at the center either. Even the anaount o f the customs revenue remitted annuall}- to the capital was unknown. There was indeed a Bank of Ethiopia. but it dealt only with private transactions. There is therefore no means of esti- mating the annual revenue of the country before the w a r . In any case, it has now to face great ly increased needs . These fall-under two nlain heads - - the provision of regular salaries for • officials and soldiers, and the nlaintenance of the public worksand" services introduced b y t h e I ta l ians . Some of the more grandiose Of these may be dispensed with, but most of them, particularly t h e roads and the aerodromes, are too valu- al)le f o r the secur i ty and the economic development o f the country to he allowed to fall in to desrepair . Yet the upkeep of the roads alOne, in face of the conditions to which Ethiopian mountain sides are exposed in the •rainy season, will entail a very considerable standing charge. It would not take many years' neglect of essential communications to set the country


back into a state stultifying every effort at social and adminis-.. trative reform.

It is quite impossible that, even when o rde r has been thoroughly restored and the export trade in coffee and hides, interrupted during the Italian occupation set again, the country should meet these needs out of its own resources. It will take quite a number of .years for Ethiopia to grow.into its new clothes, and dur ing tha t time the deficit must be covered from outside. How to arrange for an annual subsidy of this kind without, on the one hand, offending against the financial cannons and, on the other; impairing the authority o f the Emperor 1)y the method of control adopted is a problem that nmst be left to the 'tact of the new financial adviser. I t mus t not be forgotten that the Italians had drawn up a programme of public works entailing an expenditure Of £..133,000,000 o v e r a period of six years, and paid an annual subsidy of at least £ 10,000,000in addition. :Itwill not be easy to strike a balance between this and the traditional .public expenditure of the country.

• • O:

Then there is the question of an outletto the sea.. This is bound up with the disposal of the ex-Italian territories, Which raises issues beyond the scope of this article. So far as Ethiopia herself is concerned, the restoration o £ her colonies to Italy would reproduce the threatening situation o f yesterday, whilst the handing over Of one or more ports like Massowa or Maga- dischu would lmrden the government of the country with new and complicated problems, ~hiCh/ might end by affecting its independence. It would theref0re seem preferable that t h e Red Sea and the Indian Ocean coasts should be under some regime which would both inspire confidence in Ethiopia. and provide the needed facilities for through traffic..Occassion might be taken, inl this connection, to uni te the 'highland area of Eritrea with the rest of the Amhara country and to dis- annex the desert districts, whichhas only been a source of weakness. The problem of the disorder along the Kenya and Sudan frontiers, which has been-the cause of so much trouble in the past. should find its solution in the reform of provincial administration.

There remains the question: most. important .of a l l~ the choice of the men who are to di÷ect theunique experiment of guiding this ancient African empire along the path of modern progress. They should n o t b e numerous, if on!y becausethe


number of those who know and understand the Ethiopians is necessarily very!imited. -The important thing is that the few

~vho are chosen should have the right qualities. I n t h e circumstances of the country a close relationship of confidence between the Emperor and his Chief Adviser,is all-important. There is room here in this new field of independent Africa for a counsellor, who half-waybetween Cromer and Livingstone, would combine the. patience and efficiency o f the far-sighted administrator with the wisdom and sympathy of the back- ward peoples, and woukl thus .carry the ]Ethiopians across the present difficult stage of their long history from twelfth century to twentieth century conditions. If such a man were found, Britain--and indeed the world~Coflld trust him to- choose his own associates.

THE ROUND TABLE, Sept. 1941

T h e P a l e s t i n e P r o b l e m -

Ih a recent issue appears an advertisement, almost full- page, concerning the Jews and their right to fight. On the same pagewe are toId that Prime Minister Jan Snmts of South Africa and Queen ~vViihehnina o f the Netherlandslhave openly expressed themselves as being in favor Of "the egtablishment of a Jewish home in Palestine as pa r to f the general war aims of theUnited -q " ._tates.

Omitting the usual pleasantries, for your space is valuable, I should Jike to ask for a clearer statemenf of what is proposed by those who have constituted themselves the"Committee for a'Je~4ish Army:" Their aim is stated as being "to bring about • . . the formation of a .Jewish army. based on Palestine, to fight for the surviva! 9f the Jewish people . . . " B u t nothinff is said ab.out the Arab~!~, Is that an oversight on the part of the corn= mlttee? Or its propaganda agents? There are, let us say, half a: million Jews in'Palestine and, let us say, twice that number of Arabs. Even if the Leagme of Nations gave the British government-a mandate over Palestine, that did not a l te r the fact that Palestine belongs to the Arabs; as Norway belongs to t h e Norwegians~ Greece belongs to the Greeks and China belongs to the Chinese. But Palestine does not belong to the Jews. There was a time When it did, even as there was a time before that when it did not belong to them; : And it l~as not helonged to them for hundreds Of years.

24 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E "

In the fainott.s Balfour declaration o£ 1917 the British government declared itself as viewing "with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people

. ° . * . • . • • ~vi.licdt being clearly tmderstood that nothing shall be done may prejudice the civil and rehgloUs rights ot exxstmg

non-Jewish communities in Pales t ine." Reading and re-reading the advertiselnent in question. I am forced to the conclusion that the "Committee fiir a Jewish Army" and its friends are to have no regard for ~the civil and religious rights, of the Arabs, who outnumber the Jews in Palestine two to one, :It is possible that I am mistaken: Hence this letter. Perhaps some one qualified to speak for the "Committee for a Jewish Army" will make that plain to 3"our readers.

JOHN ROBI~RTSON McMAH()N, D. D. (The Chicago Sun).

.The Philosophyof Wuzoo.-(Ablution)

ThePr0mised Messiah (may peace be upon h i m ) h a s repeatedly emphasised that there is no commandnlent o£ Islam. howsoever small and insignificant it may seem tobe, that is not based upon perfect wisdom. This great truth reveals itself as many thnes as we plunge into a deep:~study of any of the Islamic commandments. Islam enjoins upon us the performance of ablution (wu=oo)before Saying pra3:ers.- Let us consider its propriety and advisability for the present discourse.

i\Vuzoo consists of (1) the washing of hands, (2 )garg l ing of mouth. (3) rinsing of nose, (4) washing of face, (5) washing Of fore-arms, (6) the passing of wet hands, across the head, and"the cleansing-.of ears, and (7) the washing of feet. Except t h e passing of Vdet hands across the head, etc., Which is lJerforlned once onlyl the other actions are usuall.v perfortfied thrice.

VVuzoo has both subjective and objective effect. .qub- jectively the performance of wuzoo conduces to a mental preparation .on our part-for the solemn action Of prayer that is to come after it. It is an undeniable t ruth that we perform an action better when subjectively we are prepared for it some = time before its performance. They say forew/trned is fore- armed. Thus it helps us to concentrate, and concentration

T H e - M O S L E M S U N R I ' S E 25

i> the most important factor that determines the quality of a performance:

On this very principle of t h e advisability of mental preparation pri0r~to the comnlencenlent o f an action it is suggested by some medical authorit ies that one should take to one's meals ~, little while af ter they have heen laid on the table.

With regard to the beneficial effect of inental preparat ion preceding an action there c a n b e no dispute . The only question to be considered in connection with wuzoo therefore is whether Or n o t i t is the hest preparation for the action of prayers which follows ? .

Physiqa!ly there i is nothing as re f resh ing as an ablution. It is the easiest; the quickest and the most inexpensive method of r e f r e sh ing one's body and mind. It shakes off lethargy. E~,en if one is to bathe, to per form xvuzoo before taking a bath is li{ore healthy. The reason for this is evident i n the ~,rder prescribed f o r the actions Comprising wuzoo. A bath, t~,o. is a great refresher; but then i t requires greater facilities than wuzoo and takes longer. A bath is not always within the means of every one. Islam is a universal religion and hence its prescriptions; recommendations a n d injunctions can smoothly he acted upon at all times and at all places. People of cold countries cannot bathe five times a day without considerable risk to their healths,

Moreover ~alzoo treats all those parts of our bodywhich; due to exposure and toil, require toning and refreshing. Hence lslaiil has prescribed a method which embraces in i tself the benefits o f being universally practicable a n d is also most helpful and suitable in the Imrpose.

Again. the only object o f -human life is to at tach itself to A l l ah . God h a s theri~fore placed in hunaan nature a s t rong tendency towards Him. i n f a c t H e has created man a:fter His own image. Hence it stands to reason that if w e help the inherent tendencies of o u r nature by objectiv e factors the ohject of our prayers Will be bet ter realized.- Now. we know that t h e vehicle for expression of these tendencies is the material and physical body which scientists tell us consists 94 per cent Of water and 6 pe rcen t 0nly of other substances: From this it is safe to Conclude that water must be the substance that is most helpful to man in regai-d to the development of the spir!tual spark in him. The physical life of man depends most

""-'": 2 6 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

upon water ; even the' origin of Life is to be sough t in water..- I t is evident, therefore, that water is the most suitable

thing for h e l p i n g t h o s e tendencies which take man towards God. Hence the application of .water before putt ing these tendencies into operation is most appropriate. I t brings us into ou r element, so to say, and p/epares u s to the hill for the action to follow. I t tells one how to cleanse-the soul with-the water of one's eyes and ho~v to flow down to the channels o f Divine love by prostrat ing oneself a t His threshold. Tayam,. mum too is based on this very principle. T h e rest 6 per cent of our body corisists of earthly mat te rs ; Dust we .are, to dust do we return, :"It is true, very very true, that .unless one

"i~uts on every kind of humility and submissiveness it is not possible to find the.way to-the-altar of the Most Glorious. We must be hmnble and lowly like the particles of dust; when there remains not ia jot or a tittle of egoism.and .pride in us, only then can we hope to.find, ourselves in the arms of the Most " Beloved.

Over :and above this, wuzoo makes the' body clean-and cleanliness of body reacts upon the soul as well. Although it is not necessary tha t a pure body must in all circumstances lead to puri ty of soul, but there can be no denying the fac t that a Imre soul does require a pure body and hence inclines towards. it. God is Pure and H e loves purity o f body, m i n d and soul in man. A clean body helps clean and pure thinking. I have noticed that .the day I change my clothes I feel a special urge towards prayers. I t is admitted on all hands t ha t our exter- ior and interior act and react upon each o t h e r . . I f we affect laughter or weep, soon we actually begin to feel gay or sorrow- ful. That is h o w human nature is constituted~ we d raw in- spiration from our ex te rna l conditions and our inner moods also act back on them . . . . . .

This is o n e 'aspect of the question. T h e next point to.be considered is the order in which various parts of t h e b o d y are washed. I s this order well founded, or has i t been jumbled together haphazardly ?

I have studied its-chain f rom one end to the other a n d to my mind it is l i nked toge the r so excellently that if . any ring were to change its place for another its effectiveness would bedmnaged.- - - : "

As we have noted above, there are seven stages in the


perfnrmance of wuzoo, i.e., (1) washing of hands, (2) gargling of mouth, (3) rinsing of nose, (4) washing of face, ( 5 ) washing of fgre-arnls, (6) wetting of head and cleansing of ears; and (7).washing of feetl

It is clear enough that hands must be washed before • anything else for-otherwise they might carry dirt all over the

h,dy as you proceed to wash various parts. : The next stage is gargling of mouth. If this is not its

proper place then there must be another more suitable. But if it is proved that there is no Other proper place f o r it, we shall have to accept .the present one as the best. Now if :the nose were rinsed before gargling, particles of the dirt washed

off might remain sticking to parts of the upper lip and there would be the risk of their being carried into the mouth when gargling after the nose had .been rinsed. In order to realize how unsatisfactory this process Would have been one has only to try it once. If the face is washed before cleansing the mouth, and t h e nose, t h e dirt. washed off would be left on the. face. " . . . .

This analysis shows that the mouth, ~ nose and face are l~est washed in the order prescrit~ed.

The question may now be considered why the fore-arms should not be washed before )vashing the face?

One of the reasons is that o n the washing of face heat recedes back and tries to pass through the head t0other parts. of the body. I f fore-arms were washed before, this heat and other vapours, instead of being let~out, would be corked down on the wetting of head just a f t e r . H e n c e some time must elapse between washing of face and wetting of head so that the vapours may make their way out.

Another reason is that it signifies that the f aceshou ld receive the first attention. There can be no arguing about it that it should not. The face is much more exposed and tender than theelbows and itscleanlinessls much more important than " that of the elbows. Hence it should receive priority.

-The feet are n o doubt t o be washed last of all. Not only that they a r e the lowest part of the body and vapours should be allowed fUll time to emit out of them, but also because generally they are comparatively more dir ty and hence one feels repulsiveness in washing fairer parts after having

2! T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

engaged himself with the r o u g h e r one. Now there remains on ly one more question worth con-

sidering. W h y should the wuzoo be violated on the emittance of bad air or blood or on making w a t e r or on answering the call of nature, or on going tO sleep etc. ? The answer is not far to seek. All .the condit ions which cause the violat ion 0f! wuzoo are either symptoms of somebbdily: unheal thiness .or ;5 of uncleanliness (i.e., the emittance of bad a i r ) , or they:cause the cleansing factalties of o u r hody a strain and a toil (i.e., answering the call of na ture) which consequently require toning and refreshing; for other~,ise they leave behind laziness a n d letha~rgv. Al l of them ha~ e, m o r e or-less,- an lunhealthy , effect on Our mind which must 'be combated . . Medical theor); now. admits t h a t every little action o f our system causes a loss of energy which for the orderly keeping of our body must be replaced b y Water, or food.- ~,Vater i i s t h e best, the cheapest the most universal treatment. There is nothing like aqua pura. Hence for the regenerat ion of lost properties we must take recourse to water. I t .b r i r igs us b a c k i n t o o u r element. Water , especially the natural water, i.e., the ordinary cold water , is a real tonic for the nerves.

A n A r a b i c P o e m " By H A Z R A T M I R Z A G H U L A M A H M A D :

T h e P r o m i s e d M e s s i a h a n d M a h d i ( 1 8 3 6 - 1 9 0 8 )

E N G L I S H V E R S I O N

(In manY cases on|y t h e sense has been taken: everything else has beell entire |y changed~ -

To Trice belongeth: all ~Power, O our support, our Foufitain o! , l igh t . • . . . .

Enable us to show our thanks unto Thee and to s ing Thy Praisel - Thou looketh wi th mercy upon Thy servant who: comes to Thee

• in repentance . . . . Thou f0rgiveth the t ransgressor w h o h a s been led astray. The greatest s in i s n a u g h t before Thy ~forgiveneSs. H o w merciful Th6n ar t Unto Thy servant who turns swiftly to

Thee.


Thou encoml.~asseth the mystery and the secret o£ the Universe. Thou knoweth the straight path aiad the crooked one. We.are Thy servants , O God; our Refuge. We prostrate ourselves hefore Thee in humbleness and in

adoration . . . . We know that our dross cannot he hidden from Thee. Thou knoweth the colors of dross and of gold. Thou hath destroyed the arrogant ' for their wickedness; Thou hath caught them and broken their pride. The meek and lowly, the insignificant in theeyes of men, Thou hath made them as great pearls and as shining emeralds.

: By Thy mercy and grace, Thou canst turn deserts into gardens; And b y T h y wrath, Thou canst destroy man's proudest monu-

ments. " Thou alone possesses all power anti mercy, O Lord. In.all the univer.se, Thou hath no rival . . . . . . The immensity and Unity of the Universe That Thou hath created, proclaim Thy Glory. Thou are zealous ; Thou destroyeth.the wicked with Thy wra th . " Thou art merciful; and forgiving tO those who tu rn to Thee. We:fear not Thy wrath for wehave known.Thy mercy ; Nor de'spair of Thy favor ~when 0ur punishment o'ertakes us, I f Thou willeth,_ Thou canst destroy the wh.ole: of Thy Creation. If-Thou-willeth, Thou canst shower untold blessings-upon us. Thou art One, the only One, The re i s none like. unto Thee. Tho u a r t Onmipotent, the Exalted, T h y perfection is infihite. Whosoever cometh to .Thee in obedience and in faith, attains

s a l v a t i o n . . . Thou causeth us to-enter the foufitain to cleanse us o f o u r

iniquities. • Thine is the Kingdom o f H e a v e n and Of Ear th . The Glories of the eveningand of the morning, they are thine. " . - . . - . ~ " -

• . - . - -


Muhammad By

s " .

. . . . . - O m a r C l e v e l a n d . -. -. / - . - I

. . . • • . . . .

Muhammad- - (peace be on him):_ Wha t vmlons d o e s that name conjure up !- \\That thoughts does it b r ing tO the contem- plative, mind.

He was the prophet c~f unity, .whose career has been without parallel. He it was, whc.~ set about to abolisla religiods- and racial differences in the world and establish the unity of Allah, the unity of man, and' the unity of nationS. But, !n spite of his amazing successes, he never acquired the hauteur of power and title. "

Muhammad, to Mbslems. symbolizes the type of the perfect man. In him we all h a v e our part. He demonstrated t h e spiritual possibilities to humanity.

\Vhen ~:e praise Muhmnnmd, we are praising all the ~:eat souls who have/led benighte~t humanity towards the light.

We are his kinsman. His glory will have its reflection in us. The Quran is but a pen picture of him. T o us he is the personification of I s l am~rad ia f ing truth, jus t ice and peace.

Borri and r e a r e d a m o n g illiterate people, we find recorded every detail o f his life worth knowing. His childhood, youth

. / * t ° . L ° , - . •

and maturity. His rendezv0us with destroy.. All such incidents have been carefulh:', recorded and preserved.

"~ s , Therefore, . tudent, of history nmst find tha twha tever else in the wor ld nmst perish; the memoi'v of this man nmst not pass from the minds Of men."

He had ~he strength to serve and the patience to suffer. He was the incarnati0n o f the spirit that allays strife and changes animosity-to friendship.

He was the prince of peace and compassion, Whose armour was ev/er girded against the forces o'f infamy and barbarism. He climbed the heights and left all:superstitions far below.

He sided with the weak, the poor, the wronged and loving- ly gave alms. H e added to fhe sum of hmnan joy, and the flame he lighted'i has inspired those who follow to higher ideals.

His teachings will never be f6rgot ten-- thev will live until l an~mges are dead a n d lips are dust.

THE M o s L E M SU'NRI$1:- $1

- C O M M E N T S O N T H E LIFE O F M U H A M M A D

435 West 65 th Place, . - . . .

: - Chicago, Illinois, February 3rd, 1942

220 South S t a t e S t r e e t : ii;: i ii~ -~ i i - Chicago, Ili.. : . - ~ - . - " . i -

3Iv (-lear Sufi: " - :

: - I have: j u s t f i n i shed reading, your n e w b o o k on "The Life ,,i Muhananmd a n d I ~vould-hke.to exi~ress a few thoughts ~ll;tt came to me while readin,-, your work

• I was impressed-by the beautifUl binding, handy compact size. excellent paper a n d t h e fine, easily rea¢lable t~,.pe.-The illustrations, the m a p and the Moslem Calendar are .he lpful t,i the Western reader and make it a very attractive volume.

I wish to-congTatulate v o u o n you r li terary style: I found y-ur prose very refreshing and o r i g i n a l a n d ' t h e tempo well a, lapted to the task: at hand, namely, biography.

I think your contrilmtion to the l i tera ture on Muhammad very timely. There is a real need for a w o r k of this sort in English, approached f rom the standiJoint of an I s l a m i c scholar.

.Yourbook is not only interesting in. its presentation b u t rich in its revelations. IYou refute many of the existing popular beliefs regard ing the .charac te r o f y o u r Prophet, Ins tead o f the fiery, wa r l i ke a n d b l o o d t h i r s t y fanatic usual ly prevalent

'in the ppI)ular, conception o f .Muhammad; I f o u n d in your-nar- rative a peaceful, kindly and forgiving, entirely human m a n who had. a mission, t o perform and did so with a minimum of disi)iay and a complete lack of ostentation. Muhammad, as

y o u por t ray him, is t he sort of man one would like to have for a friend and neighbor. " '

Natural ly );our perspective is that of an Islamic historian. 1 consider this a good thing, because so much has been written on this .subject tha t is obviously false, that we are in need of a good counter-offensive in this field t o give us a more rational approach t0 the life, teachings and character of the great founder of your fai th.

Your final Chapter will undoubtedly cause some contro-

32 T H E - M O S L E M S U N R I S E

versv a m o n g Chr i s t i an theologis ts . But , - ! m u s t s a y , you have" m a d e ou t a s t r o n g p r i nm fac ie case fo r votir a r g u m e n t and one : tha t will not be so easy to refute .

I also Wish .to comlf l iment you on Your p a i n s t a k i n g re- s e a r c h and the copious footnotes and re~er.ences. These have added immeasural~l),, to- the .x~:alue o f ) ' o u r w o r k as a source b o o k fo r s t u d e n t s . In shor t , it s t amps Your book a s the work of a scholar.

Yours verv sincerely, • , . • . " .

. : H . J . Young A t t o r n e y at L a w

T H E LIFE OF M U H A M M A D

• • b y S U F I M. R . B E N G A L E E

P u b l i s h e d . b y . - :

! : ' T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E P R E S S - ::

A p p l y a t O n c e : - .- . . I •

THE MOSLEM SUNRISE PRESS ~i~i /~. ~ 220 So. State St,, S u i t e 1 0 1 0 . . . . . . Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A.

I do hereby place my order for . . . . . . . . . . . copies o f the book on the Life o f Muhammad •by Sufi M. R . Benga lee . i / I understand that I will pay $ 2 . 0 0 plus the p0stage-t0 the mai lman f o r e a c h b o o k ordered when the books are delivered to me.

i . ~ ~ Truly yours, i . . . . . :

N a m e , , . i . . . . . . . ; . . ~ . . . . i . : . . . . . i ~ . . . . ~ . . : . . . i . . . . . . .

ty CA , , . : . , . , , , ; , : , ~ , , . , , S t a t e : ~ i . . . . . i , , i . . , : . - - .

What is-Islam? Islam is the religion wliich is wrongly called Mohammedanism.

1. Islam means :

(1) Peace . . . . (2) Resignation "

The si,,maifiCance of the name Islam is the attainment of a life of perfect peace, and eternal happiness through complete resignation to the \ViU of God.

2. Absolutely 'uncompromising monotheism i s the Central teaching of Islam. "La-Ilaha. Illallah "Muhamnladnr-Rasululla: ' There i s none worthy of worship hut--l~.e and the ,nlv (h~d I Allah l. V~,'ho possesses all excellences, and Muhammad is H i s prophet-" This is the most important doctrine of Islam. Furthermore. Islam helps us t o establish a permanent relationship with God and to realize H i m during our earthly lif e as our Helper ina l l our affairs and undertakings.

3. Islam requires belief in all the prophets and spiritual guides in- cluding Abraham. Moses, Jesus, Krishna. Budha and Confucius. Islam represents the completion of the mission of all the prophets from the earliest dawn of history: that in fact all the 9rophets of God came with one and the same mission. Thus Islam establishes peace between all reli~ons.

4. The Quran, the Moslem Scripture---the word o f God was revealed to the Master-prophet Muhammad over thirteen hundred years ago and has been preserved intact without the slightest change. There are millions a n d mi l l i 0nso f Moslems who k n o w the whole Book by heart. I t is an inexhaustible mine o f spirltnal trttths which satisfy the needs of all peoples of all countries:

5. The. establishment of t rue democracy and universal brotherhood without any discrimination of caste, creed, colour or country is the unique and unrivalled distinction of Islam. Islam has not only propounded but fulfilled and realized the splendid prin~ciples o f democracy in the actual life and action of human society.

6. Following are a few 0f the specific peculiarities o f is lam: (a) Liberation of women by establishing the equality of both sexes.

safe-guarding their rights and liberties and raising their status. (b) Absolute veto on all intoxicants.. (c) Solution of economic problems: (d) The furnishing of humanity with the noblest practical ethics. (e) The promotion of science and education.

7. Following are Some of the obligatory duties o f Is lam: (a) Daily prayers. (b) Fasting in the month of Ramadan.

: ( c ) F ixed almsglvlng and charity. (d) Pi lgrimage once in one's lifetime, provided circumstances a l low. :

8. According to I s l am life after death is the continuation of life on earth. Heaven and Hell be~in right from here. Heaven is eternal and everlastinl~, whilet Hell is only temporary. Hell is as a hospital . treatment for the human soul whi'ch~ as s 0 o n a s i t is cured, g o e s t o Heaven, Heaven is the attainment of a life of everlasting progress and . complete joy and happiness through union with God and by the development of the fine spirltual qualities and tl'ie unlimited capacities that have been implanted in man.

Books for Oriental Scholars

Isterested in

I = l a m , A r a b i c a n d P e r s i a n

T h e Teach ings of I s lam : Do. Pape r . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . 50

The Mus l im P r a y e r Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

The T r u e I s l a m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . 2.00

T h e L i f e of M u h a m m a d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . 2.00

A h m a d i y y a M o v e m e n t . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00

E x t r a c t s f rom the H o l y Q u r a n and the Say ings o f the Ho ly P rophe t M u h a m m a d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25

M u h a m m a d . the ~Liberator of W o m e n . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . 25

The T o m b of Jesus . . . . . . . :,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

T o be had f r o m ~ A ] u n a c l ~ y y a M o v e m e n t i n I s l a m

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