the most common ways to organize information hierarchic cause/effect comparison sequence

The most common ways to

organize information

Hierarchic Cause/effect Comparison Sequence

Compare/contrast

Moves by wind & ocean currents

Icebergs Ice floes

Begin on land as glacier formed from

snowflakesVery slow formation

Take hundreds or thousands of years to form

Bulk is below water

Roll over unexpectedly

Edge: crisp sharp. jagged

May have boulders, rocks & gravel frozen in them

Part breaks off & falls into water

Float in ocean

Made of ice

Different colors

Polar regions

Evaporate & melt

Begin in water

Relatively quick formation

Top of ocean freezes - makes a layer of ice

Breaks apart and refreezes together

Moves by wind only

Edge: usually eroded

Floats on top of water

100% ice

What is important to understand about this?

What is the whole thing about?

Main ideas

Believed...1 God actively involved in man's affairs; Torah & Old Testament; observed sabbath

Strict obedience to God's commandments & Torah laws. Good behavior can lead to sins being forgiven.

just Jews

Jews believed in 1 God so unwilling to worship Roman gods; Judaism was a "legal" religion, so tolerated by Remans

Believed...love & accept Christ as savior & sins will be forgivenFollow 10 commandments

Jews & Christians shared many beliefs, but ideas about Messiah so different that it caused serious conflicts -- Romans got involved with opposing Christians when peace was disturbed so often that their economics were affected

The Early ChristiansJudaism

at time Christianity emergedEarly Christianity

Believed...1 God actively involved in man's affairs; Old Testament; observed sabbath -- life after death possible

Beliefs @ how to please God

Role of sacrifice

People the religion was intended

Acceptance by Remans

Beliefs about God

Beliefs about messiah

Periodically sacrifice animals to atone for sins

Messiah is a savior to reunite Jews & throw out Remans (enemies)Not yet come

Unwilling to worship Roman gods; illegal b/c conflict it caused in Jewish community - later was a Christians vs. Remans issue

Believed Jesus was the Christ, Son of God, who brings eternal life to those who are Christian

Belief that Christ sacrificed self to pay for all of man's sins

Targeted Jews at first, then expanded to all people

© 2003 Edwin S. Ellis GraphicOrganizers.com

Bats BirdsFur & leather

Wings

Eat insects

Feathers

Fly

ŅseeÓ via sonic waves

Mouth with teethBeaks

ŅseeÓ via eyes

Awake at night

Claws

Awake during daylight

Sleep sitting up

Sleep hanging upside down

Babies born alive Babies

from eggs

Eyes/Ears

© 2002 Edwin S. Ellis graphicorganizers.com

“See”“See”

Catholics (at that time) Early Protestants

Confession of sins & prayers go through a mediator

(priest)

Salvation by grace, not good works

Most protestant churches do not have an extreme authority system

Scripture is sole authorityPray to ŅsaintsÓ

Belief that infant baptism is infant salvation

Belief in the Ņpriesthood of all believersÓ

People can approach God directly, Christ is the

mediator

ŌWorks of righteousnessÕ - can achieve salvation through works

Church gov. is hierarchical - Pope - down

Tradition has more authority than scriptures (since 1215 a.d.

when pope speaks, its ex-cathedris (same as scripture)

Pray only to God, or use Jesus to access God

Infant baptism is a covenant to raise child as a Christian

Jesus was son of God

Jesus died on cross and rose on third day

Heaven & hell

ŌSecond birthÕ

2 common sacraments - Baptism & Communion

Church is a means of grace (God continues to work

through church)

Purgatory - interim experience between heaven & hell

Have additional books in bible - ŌApocraphÕ

5 sacraments -

Christ is physically present at LordÕs Supper

Mass was in Latin

Martin Luther changed ŌLatinÕ mass to language of the people

Baptism, Confirmation, Marriage, Last rites, & Divine Upton

TrinityFather (God)Son (Jesus)Holy Ghost

Christian Beliefs following Reformation

Christ is not physically present at LordÕs Supper, but is spiritually


‘‘

Categories

Topic

Conclusion

Conclusion

Representative

Democracy

Theocracy

Monarchy

Anarchy

Who governs

How laws are made or changed

How it can decisions are made

How leaders gain powerTYPES of

GOVERNMENT

Author

Year AwardedNewbery

Genre

LiteraryTheme

LoisLowry

CynthiaRylant

LouisSachar

CurtisChristopher

JerrySpinelli

KatherinePaterson

1990 19931999 2000 1991 1978

Historical Fiction

RealisticFictionFantasy

HistoricalFiction Adventure Realistic

Fiction

Price ofWar & Peace

Human response to

trauma

Triumph of good over

evil

Search for one’s

destiny

Inherent goodness of

man

Human response to

trauma

Number the Stars

Missing May

HolesBud,

Not BuddyManiacMagee

Bridge ToTerabethi

a

BOOKS

So what? What is important to understand about this?

It is important to realize that a number being even or odd does not make the number Prime or Composite. What makes the number Prime or Composite is the ability of other factors (numbers) to divide EVENLY into the number in question.

FeaturesMain ideas Features Conclusion

Prime Numbers

Composite Numbers

There are only two factors (numbers) that can evenly divide into this number.

These are not just odd numbers. For example the number 21 is odd, but is not prime because 1, 3, 7, and 21 can divide evenly into 21.

Examples 2, 3, 5, 7, 29…

What is a Prime Number?

More than two factors (numbers) that can evenly divide into this number.

These are more common among the numbers. For example the number 35 is composite because 1, 5, 7, and 35 can divide evenly into 35.

Examples 4, 6, 25, 33…

What is a Composite Number?

These are neither prime nor composite.

These are exceptions to the rules of prime and composite numbers.

What about the number 0 and 1?


It takes world leadership and support to make a global difference. People of the world unite over solutions to deal with natural disasters, but disagree and tend to become complacent over man-made disasters, which can cause much more destruction than disasters caused by nature.

Main ideasConclusion

210,000+ die in natural disasterMassive earthquake(Indian and Burma Plates collide)

800,000+ die in devastating ethnic slaughter in attempt to eliminate tribes

20 million die in man-made attempt at genocide of the Jewish race.

Causes All 3 events caused massive loss of lives. All 3 could have beenprevented if countries cared more

Dec. 26, 2004

Tsunami

July, 1994Rwanda genocide

1936-45WW II

Holocaust

Global ConcernInternational leaders pledge financial & moral support

Slaughter reported in news, world watched and did nothing.

World offered little support to stop holocaust or support those fleeing it

Public Opinion

REACTIONS/SUPPORTTsunami = immediate Holocaust = delayed for yearsRwanda = none

Prevention strategies- create early warning system in Indian Ocean like one in Pacific Ocean

The world has done nothing to prevent further slaughters

The world has done very little to prevent further slaughters

Long-term reaction

Huge reaction to natural disasters;

Minimal reaction to man-made disasters


Fire fighters, policemen, and paramedics help people when they have problems. It takes special equipment and training to learn how to do each job well.

Main ideas Conclusion

Fire safety educationProperty & life rescue

Respond to emergencies & provide medical help

Enforce laws and protect citizens

JobThe main reason for each job is to help people

FireFighter Paramedi

cPoliceman

Fire truck, axe, helmet, and breathing apparatus

Ambulance or medical van, & medical supplies

Squad car, gun, hand- cuffs, & bullet protection vest

Equipment

Each job requires special tools and supplies

Finish high school and months of special training

Finish high school & then attend Medical Training School

Finish high school & Law Enforcement School

TrainingFinish high school and then decide what to study

Conclusion about these features

Cubes are Three Dimensional

FeaturesMain ideas Features

Cube Square


Squares areOne Dimensional

Count the sidesA cube has ______ sides.

Count the sidesA square has______ sides.

Sides

Conclusion about this main idea

The sides are shaped like

squares

Hold the block and count the cornersA cube has _______ corners.

Touch each corner with your pencilA square has______ corners.

Corners


A cube has more corners

Build something

Make a design on paper

What can you do with

it?


A square is easier to draw and use

FeaturesMain ideas Features

Northern ChinaCountry Side

EuropeanCountry SideSetting

Conclusion about this main ideaSimilar setting with

both stories taking place in the country

Lon Po Po Little Red Riding Hood

Mother, Three Sisters,& the Wolf

Red Riding Hood, Mother, grandmother, Woodsman & the WolfCharacters

Conclusion about this main ideaThe characters roles

are very different in each story

Girls stay home while mom visits granny, Wolf takes advantage of the situation & hopes to eat the girls

Mother sends RRH to visit sick granny, Wolf meets her along the way and plans to eat RRH & granny

Plot

Conclusion about this main ideaThe wolf’s role as the

mean character is the same in both stories

Eldest girl sees through Wolf’s disguise & finds a way to out smart wolf,Wolf Dies

Wolf eats granny & RRH, Woodsman hears snoring wolf & cuts open his belly saving the day. Wolf Dies

Solution Conclusion about this main ideaChildren are the

clever ones who save the day in Lon Po Po

Conclusion about these featuresWolf receives a

kinder death in Lon Po Po & no one gets eaten

Conclusion about these featuresRRH & Granny have

to get eaten before the wolf is killed. Yuck!

September 11, 2001

Compare/contrast 2x6with double conclusionsCopyright 2005Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com

Main ideas

December 7,1942

Attack against the U. S. that led to the destruction of Twin Towers & Pentagon

Attack against the U. S. that led to the destruction of Pearl Harbor

HistoricalEvent


Both events will be remembered as dark days in U. S. history

Terrorist Groups Japanese ArmyEnemy Conclusion about this main idea

The enemy of Sept. 11th is not easy to identify or understand

CommercialAirplanes

MilitaryAirplanesMeans of

Destruction


Using commercial airplanes for bombs was unheard of until Sept. 11th

PrimarilyCivilians

Military&

Civilians

Victims Conclusion about this main idea

The enemy in each case had little regard for human life

The president of the U. S. declared war on any country that harbored terrorists

The president of the U.S. declared war against Japan

Political Impact Conclusion about this main idea

In both cases U.S. presidents were eager to punish the enemy


This is not a civil war or typical war, but it still threatens U.S. safety

Most U. S. citizens fear for their safety & struggle to identify the enemy

Most U. S. citizens agreed with the president’s decision & supported war

Social ImpactConclusion about this main idea

The enemy is not clear so many disagree on how to fight terrorism


The public and political response to this event is more typical of war

Main ideas

Oprah had the most difficult childhood and youth, but she did not let her past keep her from succeeding

Shirley’s determination and courage to speak out against injustices makes her a cycle breaker

Dr. Rice has used her mind and talents to make a political place for women in a male dominate career

OprahWinfrey

ShirleyChisholm

CondoleezzaRice

Conclusions Cultural

Background

Born in Kosciusko, MS, in 1954-Troubled youth, abused by male relatives -moved to Nashville to live with her father

Born in Brooklyn New York-Spent part of her childhood in Barbados w/grandmother11/30/1924--1/1/2005

Born in Birmingham, AL,1954-parents were educators, father was also a minister-1967, family moved to Denver

Oprah & Shirley had similar experiences, Oprah & Connie grew up during segregation

Education

Attended Tenn. State Uni., in 1971 and began working in radio & TV Broadcasting in Nashville

Attended Brooklyn College-earning BA in 1949- Master’s degree in education from Columbia University

Uni., of Denver at 19,Bchelor’s Political Sci.Uni., Notre Dame MastrUni., Denver’s Grad Sch. Of Inter Stu Doctorate

Dr. Rice is by far the best educated, but all women attended college which was unusual for minority women

NotableQualities

Quality programming & an open, warm-hearted personal style captivates audiences and fans

First African Amer. elected to Congress, and to run for the presidency in 1972

First African Amer. woman to serve as Secretary of StateForeign affairs expert

The political leadership of Rise and Chisholm is outstanding, but Oprah’s public leadership is exceptional Public

Opinion

Creative & IntelligentGenerousDedicated Activist for Children’s Rights

Considered one of the foremost female orators in U.S. Outstanding service to mankind

Exceptional Role Model

Future Political Candidate

All three women are respected for their accomplishments

Conclusions

Topics Conclusion about the topic

Features

CodesY = Yes, topic has this feature

N = No, topic does not have this feature

S = Sometimes topic has this feature, sometimes not

TOPIC:

SY YY YY YS SSNovel Largest use of different literary forms

NY YY NY YN SSShort Story Like a novel, but shorter

SS SS SN NY SSPoetry Like short story, but not in prose

NN SS SN NY NSLyric 2nd most limited use of literary features

SS YY YY SS YNDrama Everything but a moral

SS YY YY SS SSTragedy 2nd most limited use of literary features

SS YY YY SS YNComedy Everything but a moral

SS SY YS SS SSSatire Could include all literary components

YN NN YN YN NSEssay Most limited use of literary features


Features Novel NoveFjjjldd




FictionNon-fiction

CharactersSetting

PlotTheme

In verseIn prose

Has moralHas protagionist

Literary Devices

y n y n n nred Red = nickname for a communist (n) . / His red hair….(adj)

y y n y n ncost The cost was (n) The book cost(v) The book was costly (adv)

y n n n n nenvironment The environment was nice. (n)

n n y y n nexcessive The excessive heat (adj) Music was excessively loud. (adv)

y y n n n ntreat The treat was good (n) He treated me well. (v)

n n n n y nbecause The ice melted because it was hot. (conj)

y n y y n nintensive Intensive Care(n) Intensive heat(adj) Acted intensively (adv)

n n y n n nforemost THisd foremost concern (adj)

y y n n n nreview The review of the book (n) He reviewed for the test (v)


Features Novel NoveFjjjldd




Can be used as a noun

Can be used as a verb

Can be used as an adjective

Can be used an an adverb

Can be used as a conjunction

Can be used as preposition

Parts of Speech

VEHICLESFea

ture

s

car

bicycle

motorcycle

pickup truck

transfer truck

train

skateboard

row boat

sailboat

motorboat

airplane

two w

heels

four w

heels

more

than

4 w

heels

moto

r

diese

l fuel

gasolin

e fu

el

people

power

handle

bar

s

passe

ngers

used o

n land

= feature always present

= feature sometimes present

Feature

s

Pharaoh

Generals & High priests

Scribes & GovÕnt officials

Crafts workers

Peasants

Slaves

Pyram

ids

as to

mbs

Burie

d with

trea

sure

s

Appea

r in

Hiero

glyp

hs

Lesson by Magdalena Nemalceff

Consi

dere

d a

god

Stone

tom

bs

Burie

d with

arti

facts

Embo

mbe

d

Teaching new terms viaVENN DIAGRAMS

Icebergs

The best approach is to compare a familiar term (students already know all about ice bergs)...

Icebergs Ice floes

The best approach is to compare a familiar term with the new term

It is best when the terms being compared relate to the same overall topic


icebergs ice flows

EXAMPLE


icebergs ice flows

both relate to...

EXAMPLE


icebergs ice flows

both relate to...

things you find in the arctic regions

EXAMPLE


icebergs ice flows

both relate to...


EXAMPLEtrees ice flows

NON EXAMPLE


icebergs ice flows

both relate to...


EXAMPLEtrees ice flows

don’t have a common

relationship.

NON EXAMPLE

Icebergs Ice floes

Although similarities may be listed as students identify them, generally it is best to focus on them last

Icebergs Ice floes


snowflakes

Generally, it is best to address contrasting differences following 1-by-1 correspondence for each term

Icebergs Ice floes


snowflakes

Begin in water


Generally, it is best to address contrasting differences following 1-by-1 correspondence for each term

Icebergs Ice floes



Begin in water


Icebergs Ice floes




Begin in water


Icebergs Ice floes





Begin in water



100% ice

Icebergs Ice floes





Chunks break off & fall into water

Begin in water



100% ice

Icebergs Ice floes






Begin in water




100% ice

Icebergs Ice floes







Begin in water




100% ice

Icebergs Ice floes







Begin in water





100% ice

Icebergs Ice floes




Bulk is below water




Begin in water





100% ice

Icebergs Ice floes




Bulk is below water





Begin in water





100% ice

Moves by wind &

ocean currents

Icebergs Ice floes




Bulk is below water





Begin in water






100% ice

Moves by wind &

ocean currents

Icebergs Ice floes




Bulk is below water





Begin in water




Moves by wind only



100% ice

REMINDER: Although similarities may be listed as students identify them, generally it is best to focus on them last


Icebergs Ice floes




Bulk is below water





Float in ocean

Begin in water




Moves by wind only



100% ice

Moves by wind &

ocean currents

Icebergs Ice floes




Bulk is below water





Float in ocean

Begin in water




Moves by wind only



100% ice

Moves by wind &

ocean currents

Icebergs Ice floes




Bulk is below water





Float in ocean

Made of ice

Begin in water




Moves by wind only



100% ice

Moves by wind &

ocean currents

Icebergs Ice floes




Bulk is below water





Float in ocean

Made of ice

Different colors

Begin in water




Moves by wind only



100% ice

Moves by wind &

ocean currents

Icebergs Ice floes




Bulk is below water





Float in ocean

Made of ice

Different colors

Polar regions

Begin in water




Moves by wind only



100% ice

Moves by wind &

ocean currents

Icebergs Ice floes




Bulk is below water





Float in ocean

Made of ice

Different colors

Polar regions

Evaporate & melt

Begin in water




Moves by wind only



100% ice


Icebergs Ice floes


snowflakes

Very slow formation


Bulk is below water





Float in ocean

Made of ice

Different colors

Polar regions

Evaporate & melt

Begin in water




Moves by wind only



100% ice

wind moves them

May break apart, but never roll over


Icebergs Ice floes


snowflakes

Very slow formation


Bulk is below water





Float in ocean

Made of ice

Different colors

Polar regions

Evaporate & melt

Begin in water




Moves by wind only



100% iceComposition & features

Origins

Where located

Movement

wind moves them

May break apart, but never roll over

Consider how your thinking changes when you compare the next two versions of the

same information…





just Jews

Jews believed in 1 God so unwilling to worship Roman gods; Judaism was a "legal" religion, so tolerated by Romans



at time Christianity emerged Early Christianity



Messiah is a savior to reunite Jews & throw out Romans (enemies)Not yet come

Unwilling to worship Roman gods; illegal b/c conflict it caused in Jewish community - later was a Christians vs. Romans issue


Belief that Christ scarified self to pay for all of man's sins




Main ideas



just Jews







Role of sacrifice

People religion was intended

Acceptance by Romans

Beliefs about God









thus, adding subtopics or main idea categories when comparing & contrasting makes a HUGE difference


Main ideas




Role of sacrifice



Beliefs about God




Main ideas



just Jews







Role of sacrifice



Beliefs about God









Main ideas



It’s best when one of the topics being compared is already familiar (or previously learned) to students and the other is a new topic


Main ideas


at time Christianity emerged

Generally, it’s best to begin by providing students with the topics being compared...


Main ideas



Generally, it’s best to begin by providing students with the topics being compared...


Main ideas



... and then provide each area of comparison


Main ideas



Beliefs about God



Main ideas




Beliefs about God



Main ideas




Role of sacrifice

Beliefs about God




Main ideas




Role of sacrifice


Beliefs about God




Main ideas




Role of sacrifice



Beliefs about God




Main ideas




Role of sacrifice



Beliefs about God


Generally, it’s best to note the features of each idea AS the information is being taught during class

It’s best to first review the distinctive features of the familiar (or previously learned topic)


Main ideas





Role of sacrifice



Beliefs about God




Main ideas






Role of sacrifice



Beliefs about God




Main ideas



just Jews




Role of sacrifice



Beliefs about God






Main ideas



just Jews





Role of sacrifice



Beliefs about God




Then note the distinctive features of the new topic as it is being explored during instruction


Main ideas



just Jews





Role of sacrifice



Beliefs about God






Main ideas



just Jews






Role of sacrifice



Beliefs about God






Main ideas



just Jews







Role of sacrifice



Beliefs about God




Usually best to introduce the comparison frame with an activity that involves comparing two things, both of which students are already familiar.Usually best to begin with Comparison frames because the thinking processes are easier… then eventually use Compare/Contrast frames (similarities & differences) or Venns

is about ...


Categories

VS

2X4 Comparison© 2002 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com Fantasy stories passes from generation to generation

FAIRY TALES

SNOW WHITE SLEEPING BEAUTY

Evil person

Caring friends

How heroine is saved

Setting Age of castles, royalty (medieval period) -- most of the action takes place in the woods

Evil witch who is mad because she wasnÕt invited to princessÕ first birthday party

Age of castles, royalty (medieval period) -- most of the action takes place in the castle

Evil queen is jealous of Snow WhiteÕs beauty & wants to kill her so she will be the most beautiful

Woodsman fakes SnowÕs murder.Seven dwarfs who live together invite her to live with them.

Fairies provide gifts in the hope that they will save Beauty from the witchÕs evil spell.

Snow bites poison apple - she falls into endless sleep. Handsome prince kisses her to wake her up.

Beauty pricks finger and falls into endless sleep. Prince Charming kisses her to wake her up

Same basic plot - beautiful young woman attacked by evil older woman. Friends try to help, but eventually fail. Handsome kisses young woman to break the Ņbig sleepÓ spell

Generally, the best approach is to compare something new (i.e.,Robinson Crusoe) with a topic students are already familiar (i.e., Huck Finn) -- Teacher usually determines the categories of comparison.Begin by having students identify the features of the familiar topic (serves both as a model & knowledge activator) Don’t forget the “So what” section.This is usually the most difficult part for both teachers and students, so it’s often neglected!

Character Comparisons© 2003 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com

AppearanceWhat did the character look like?

RoleHow was the character important to the story?

PersonalityWhat was character like?

TransitionHow did the character change?

Which character was most interesting? Why?

Character # 1 Character # 2

Story

Adventures of ... Robinson Crusoe ... Huckleberry Finn

Robinson Crusoe Huckleberry Finn

About 12 yrs. - barefoot, needs haircut, straw hat

About 25 yrs. old - barefoot, needs haircut, scraggly beard, long tangled hair, palm leaf hat

Ingenuous, clever, cocky, happy, superstitious, very outgoing and unintimidated

Ingenuous, clever, not cocky, not superstitious, very shy, but brave

Crusoe treats Óhis man FridayÓ somewhat like a slave, but comes to love & value his friendship

Treats Jim like a toy to entertain him in his fantasy world but comes to love & value his friendship

Crusoe was the best overall story, but Huck was the most interesting character because I can relate to the way he sees the world. IÕm like him in some ways.

Illustrates creativity & persistence & importance of others, regardless of their race

Causes us to examine ourselves, esp. regarding racism & how we treat others

This example illustrates how the comparison frame can be used when teaching vocabulary.

Notice how the new information is linked to students’ background knowledge & experience.

is about ...


Categories

VS

2X4 Comparison© 2002 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com

The Red Pony

Symbols in SteinbeckÕs The Red Pony

ŅOld green water tubÓ at the brush line

Ņgreat black kettleÓ at the cypress tree

Images evoked

Feelings which surface

Ņopposites & enemiesÓ

opposing sides of nature

The water tub offers cool, refreshing water to drink

Solace is offered by the Ņsinging waterÓ and Ņpurling streamÓ when Jody has been punished. The Ņbiting acid of meannessÓ leaves him at the brush line.

Represents the good, peaceful side of JodyÕs personality

Represents the nurturing side of nature. Represents life

The kettle is used for the scalding of pigs when they have been butchered.

The kettle and cypress tree are repulsive. Slaughtering pigs is fascinating, but it also made JodyÕs heart beat so fast that it hurt him.

Represents the evil, turbulent side of JodyÕs personality.

Represents adversarial side of nature. Represents death.

Steinbeck uses everyday objects as symbols that represent what he thinks are Ņbasic truthsÓ about life.

lesson by Gail Lewis

BIG IDEA (WhatÕs important to understand about this?)


Categories


Strict obedience to God's commandments & Torah laws.Good behavior can lead to sins being forgiven.

Just Jews



Jews and Christians shared many beliefs, but ideas about Messiah so different that it caused serious conflicts -- Remans got involved with opposing Christians when peace was disturbed so often that their economics were affected


at time Christianity emergedEarly Christianity



Role of sacrifice

People the religion was intended


Beliefs about God



Messiah is a savior to reunite Jews & throw out Romans (enemies)Jesus is not really the messiah (not yet come)



Belief that Christ sacrificed self to pay for all of man's sins


Compare /Contrast (Similarities & Differences)

Character # 1

Character Similarities & differences© 2003 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com

AppearanceWhat did the character look like?

RoleHow was the character important to the story?

PersonalityWhat was thecharacter like?

TransitionHow did the character change?

Which character was most interesting? Why?

Character # 2

Story

Different DifferentSimilar

Adventures of ... Robinson Crusoe ... Huckleberry Finn

Robinson Crusoe Huckleberry Finn

About 12 yrs.youthful

About 25 yrs. old - scraggly beard

Cocky, happy, superstitious, outgoing & unintimidated

Not cockynot superstitiousvery shy, serious

Crusoe treats Óhis man FridayÓ like a slave

Treats Jim like a toy to entertain him in his fantasy world

Crusoe was the best overall story, but Huck was the most interesting character because I can relate to the way he sees the world. IÕm like him in some ways.

Both model importance of creativity & persistence

Causes us to examine ourselves, esp. regarding racist tendencies

Male, barefoot, need haircut, shabby clothes, sunburned

Ingenuous, clever, brave

Both come to love & value someone from another race

Illustrates how someone can overcome great hardship

Compare /Contrast (Conclusions)


CategoriesConclusion

Social activism

1900sProgressive

movement

1960s Civil Rightsmovement

Social problems

Goals

Leaders

Key groups

Strategies

Results

Law suits, strikes, organized protests

Integration (not "Separate but equal") & nondiscrimination in all areas of life

Discrimination,-Af. Americans' voting registration, jobs, segregated housing & schools

Martin Luther KingMalcolm X, Andrew Young, Jessie Jackson

Southern Christian ConferenceAf. American citizens, some whites

Discrim.- Af. Ams. & women; unsafe factories, low wages, price fixing, gov.corruption

Equal rights for Af. Ams., votes for women, end monopolies, honesty in gov.

Taft, T. Roosevelt, Wilson, Tarbell, Norris, Sinclair

NAACP, Women's suffrage movement, unions

Limited gains in Af. Amer. rights; women's vote; anti-trust, safety & health laws

Law suits, strikes, organized protests, sit-ins, non-aggressive

Passage of 1965 Voting Rights Amendment, equal opportunity laws, affirmative action policies

Both addressed forms of discrimination, social injustice

Gain public attention, force legislation, judicial action, & enforcement

Required active participation in organized groups

Many leaders, would not give up

Both focused on getting laws changed

Some positive changes, not enough

Progress comes when citizens get organized and get active. Social progress is slow, but does take place.

In these ways ...

Character Synetics Story Title Author© 2003 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com

Characterfrom Story

IS LIKE (or NOT LIKE)this real-life person

How they treat others or are treated by others

Possible ways they are alike to consider ...What they like (or donÕt like)

How others treat them

Where they live

Cultural backgrounds Family related things

Appearance

Good or bad experiences

You may address some of these ways they are alike of think of other ways Problems or challenges they faceHow they act

Old Mrs. Rabbit

Tale of Peter Rabbit Beatrix Potter

Peter Rabbit

Flopsy

Mopsy

Cottontail

Mr. McGregor

like me We both like to explore and take chances. We both get in trouble a lot.

like Marie Both are kind of Ņgoodie-goodie.Ó

not likeKana

Cottontail seems like an air-head. KanaÕs pretty smart

like FredBoth just seem to follow along and do what ever everyone else is doing

not likemy mom

Mrs. Rabbit worries a lot. My mom never worries about me.

like & unlike Gramps

Gramps likes to work in his garden too, but heÕs always nice.

Event Synetics © 2002 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com

An event that happened in the story ... Is similar to this real-life event ... In these ways ...

Another event that happened in the story ... Is similar to this real-life event ... In these ways ...

Hansel & Gretel

Hansel sticks a bone out of his cell and makes the witch think itÕs his finger.

Pretending to be sickso you donÕt have todo your chores.

Tricks someone so you can avoid doing something you donÕt want to do.

Hansel gets the witch to look in the oven so he can push her in.

The Minute Men hiding in the woods waiting to ambush the British when they get closer.

Both get a stronger enemy to move to a place where you can beat them.

folk tale so author is unknown

Experience Synetic © 2003 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com

Something that happened in the story ... Is similar to this real-life experience... In these ways ...

Something else that happened in the story ... Is similar to this real-life experience ... In these ways ...

Gingerbread Man

Gingerbread Man bragging about how fast he is

Ronnie Smith trash-talking during a basketball game

Bragging about self while putting others down

Wolf tricking Gingerbread Man to ride on his head when crossing the river

Other team getting a bunch of fouls trying to show Ronnie heÕs not so tough

Tricking others so you can beat (or eat!) them

folk tale

An event or experience that happened in the story ...

Is similar to (or different from) this real-life event or experience...

In these ways ...

Like real-life (simple) © 2003 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com

Wilfrid Gordon Mem Fox

Wilfrid worries about Miss Nancy losing her memory. He finds objects in his house to help her to remember events in her life.

My neighbor, Miss Rose, is an old person who gets me to help put her name on all her belongings. Then she tells me stories about her life.

Miss Nancy listens to WilfridÕs secrets and Miss Rose listens to my secrets.

Miss Nancy shares stories with me about her childhood in Alabama.

McDonald Partridge

Story AuthorLike real-life© 2003 Edwin Elliswww.GraphicOrganizers.com

This event or experience in the story ...

Because they both involve ...

Is NOT like this real-life event or experience ...

This event or experience in the story ...

Because this one involves...

Is LIKE this real-life event or experience ...

Is different because this one involves...

You anticipate having a really good time and hearing great music. YouÕre NOT prepared to be disappointed , so if the concert is bad, it can ruin the whole experience.

Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad

Marlow's search for Kurtz

Search for a lost parent or child

Marlow's discovery of Kurtz

Going to a really bad concert

Both involve an incredible amount of hope that the search will be successful as well as fear that the search will not be successful.

Both involve ever-growing expectations as clues slowly emerge from many sources.

Marlow anticipates finding Kurtz, but IS prepared to be disappointed, so heÕs psyched up for it and ready to deal with the disappointment if it happens.

This part of the story ...

Might SEEM LIKE this real-life event ...

Because both...

However, they are actually quite DIFFERENT and shouldn’t be confused because:

Story AuthorSeems like real-life, but ...© 2003 Edwin Elliswww.GraphicOrganizers.com


This event involves ...

While event involves ...

unknown (folk tale)Jack and the Beanstalk

Jack steals the Goose that lays golden eggs, climbs down the beanstalk, and cuts it down, killing the giant

Saddam sending Iranian troops to invade Kuwait to steal their treasure & oil wells

Involve greedy people willing to kill others in order to get treasure they want. Having no respect for othersÕ life or property.

One-on-one conflict. One person wins, the other looses, and nobody else is really affected (except maybe JackÕs mom).

Conflict affected tens-of-thousands of people. Many in Kuwait lost their homes and fortunes, thousands of Iranian soldiers killed by US, and world peace was threatened

Jack and Saddam displayed the same unethical behavior . Although SaddamÕs adventure affected thousands of people, the Giant was probably no less concerned or less hurt as any individual from Kuwait!

the most common ways to organize information hierarchic cause/effect comparison sequence

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