The Forest Office, Maulden Wood,Nr Haynes West End, Beds MK45 3QTT: +44 (0)1234 743666F: +44 (0)1234 743667e: contact@greensandtrust.org.ukwww.greensandtrust.org.uk

T: +44 (0)1234 743666 M: +44 (0)1234 743667e: contact@greensandtrust.org.ukwww.greensandtrust.co.uk

To:Adventure,26-34 Liverpool Road,Luton,LU1 1RS

Richard WoolnoughDirector

The Forest Office, Maulden Wood, Nr Haynes West End, Beds MK45 3QTT: +44 (0)1234 743666 M: +44 (0)1234 743667e: veronika.bale@greensandtrust.co.uk www.greensandtrust.org.uk

Veronika BaleEducation Officer

The Greensand TrustThe Forest Office, Maulden WoodHaynes West End, Bedfordshire MK45 3QTTel: 01234 743666Fax: 01234 743699www.greensandtrust.co.uk

w

The Forest Office, Maulden Wood, Nr Haynes West End, Beds MK45 3QTT: +44 (0)1234 743666 F: +44 (0)1234 743667 e: contact@greensandtrust.org.uk www.greensandtrust.org.uk

Indicators of Sustainable Development in Bedfordshire March 2005

Produced by Sue Raven of the Greensand Trust for

Bedfordshi re County Counci l , March 2005

The Natural Environment

Contents Summary A. River and canal water quality Indicator 1 Percentage of length of rivers and canals of good quality Indicator 2 Percentage of length of rivers and canals of high nutrient status Indicator 3 Distribution of otters B. Condition of important wildlife & geological sites Indicator 4 Area of Sites of Special Scientific Interest and % in favourable condition Indicator 5 Area of County Wildlife Sites and % in favourable condition C. Condition of the wider countryside Indicator 6 Area of land under Countryside Stewardship agreements Indicator 7 Area of organic holdings Indicator 8 Area of woodland within Woodland Grant Scheme Indicator 9 Populations of wild birds D. Access to the countryside Indicator 10 Area of publicly accessible land managed for nature conservation per 1000 people Appendices 1.1 Notes on indicators suggested for possible future use – river flow rates & LERAPs 2.1 Details of Environment Agency’s General Quality Assessment Scheme 2.2 Environment Agency guidelines for the use of data 2.3 Chemical water quality data 2.4 Biological water quality data 2.5 Nutrient level data 3.1 Condition of Sites of Special Scientific Interest 3.2 Condition of County Wildlife Sites 4.1 Sites managed for nature conservation with public access 4.2 Bedfordshire details from Woodland Trust report ‘Space for People’

Summary Indicator 1 Percentage of length of rivers and canals of good quality In 2002, 57% of the length of rivers and canals in Bedfordshire was of good chemical quality; similar to that found in the East of England region but slightly lower than that seen for England overall. The increase in quality seen in Bedfordshire over the previous decade is more marked than that seen regionally and nationally. Indicator 2 Percentage of length of rivers and canals of high nutrient status In 2002, 77% of the length of the county’s rivers and canals had high nitrate concentrations and 95% had high phosphate concentrations; proportions that are slightly higher than those seen in the Anglian region and considerably higher than those seen for England as whole. Clear trends are difficult to identify. Indicator 3 Distribution of otters In 2003/04 positive signs of otters were found at 41% of sample sites in the county, a considerable increase since the previous survey in 1996/97 when positive signs were found at 29% of sites. The spread seen through the county’s waterways has also been seen regionally and nationally. Indicator 4 Area (ha) of Sites of Special Scientific Interest and % in favourable condition In 2004, 83% of the area of SSSI in the county was in favourable condition, up from 78% in 2001. This proportion is higher than the regional and national figures, however, it must be remembered that the percentage of the county’s area designated as SSSI is considerably lower than that seen in the region or England as a whole. Indicator 5 Area (ha) of County Wildlife Sites and % in favourable condition Between 2001 and 2004 the number of County Wildlife Sites monitored increased from 20 to 83. Of these 83 sites (22% of the total number within the county), 64% of their area was found to be in favourable condition. There are no equivalent regional or national figures. Indicator 6 Area (ha) of land under Countryside Stewardship agreements By 2003, there were 190 CSS agreements in the county covering an area of 2280ha; an increase in area of 78% since 2000. The proportion of the county’s land area under CSS agreements is similar to that seen in the East of England region but less than that found for England as a whole. At all scales uptake of the scheme has increased year on year. From 2000 to 2005, considerable increases were seen in the lengths of arable margins and hedgerows being managed under the scheme in the county. Indicator 7 Area (ha) of organic holdings By January 2004 there were 12 holdings registered as organic in the county, covering a total of 775ha, or 0.9% of the county’s agricultural land – a similar proportion to the East of England region but lower than that for England as a whole. This is an increase in the area of organic land in Bedfordshire of 9% since 2001. Indicator 8 Area (ha) of woodland within Woodland Grant Scheme Since 2002 the area of woodland receiving WGS in Bedfordshire has continued to increase although the precise figures could not be established. Payments for planting have declined since 1999/2000; those for planting conifers have now all but stopped. No equivalent regional or national figures are available. Indicator 9: Populations of wild birds Data from 30 common bird species suggests that in Bedfordshire there has been an increase in the proportion of species whose population size is declining between 1994 and 2003. This has also been seen at a national and regional scale but appears to be more marked in Bedfordshire. Indicator 10: Area (ha) of publicly accessible land managed for conservation per 1000 people In 2004 there was 6.3ha of publicly accessible land managed for nature conservation available per 1000 people in Bedfordshire; up from 5.6ha per 1000 people in 2002. The total area, 2436ha, represents 2% of the land area of the county. There are no equivalent regional or national figures. There was 0.77ha of LNR available per 1000 people.

A. River and canal water quality Background Information The Environment Agency’s General Quality Assessment [GQA] scheme monitors the chemical and biological quality and nutrient status of running water across England and Wales. In Bedfordshire all major rivers, canals and tributaries (a length of 236.4km) are covered by the GQA scheme and so it provides a good indication of the quality of running water throughout the county. Chemical quality is assessed on levels of dissolved oxygen, ammonia and biological oxygen demand – good indicators of the extent to which rivers are affected by the commonest types of pollution; sewage and the runoff and drainage from farms. Biological quality is assessed on the range of macro-invertebrates present in a stretch of water, compared with the number expected for the physical condition of that stretch. It gives a more integrated picture of the situation and can detect infrequently occurring pollution incidents that may be missed by the spot sampling techniques used in the chemical assessment. For both chemical and biological quality, stretches of rivers and canals are classified into six grades; Grade A (very good), Grade B (good), Grade C (fairly good), Grade D (fair), Grade E (poor) and Grade F (bad). To assess nutrient status, levels of nitrates and phosphates are monitored as these are the nutrients most likely to be directly influenced by human activities. Grades range from 1 (very low) to 6 (nitrates - very high, phosphates – excessively high). Unlike the chemical and biological grades these are descriptive and cannot simply be interpreted as good or bad. They reflect not only variation in agriculture and sewage, but local geology. A high level of phosphate (average concentration greater than 0.1mg/l) is that considered indicative of possible existing or future problems of eutrophication. A high level of nitrate (average concentration greater than 30mg/l) roughly corresponds with the limits used in the EC’s Drinking Water and Nitrate Directives. Further details of the GQA scheme, taken from the Environment Agency Public Water Quality Register, are given in Appendix 2.1. Source of data Data were obtained from the Environment Agency website [www.environment-agency.gov.uk] and also directly from the two regional offices covering Bedfordshire; Anglian and Thames. The most recent data available on the website were from 2002. All rivers and canals forming the county boundaries are included in the figures. Environment Agency guidelines for the use of the data are given in Appendix 2.2. Summary databases for the county prepared from the data supplied by the Environment Agency are given in Appendix 2.3 (chemical), Appendix 2.4 (biological) and Appendix 2.5 (nutrients).

Indicator 1 Percentage of length of rivers and canals of good quality County level In 2002, 57% of the length of rivers and canals in Bedfordshire was found to be of good chemical quality (grades A – B). 95% was of good or fair quality (grades A – D). Full details are given in Table 1.1 and shown on Map 1.1.

% of length of rivers and canals

Beds Borough

Mid Beds

South Beds

Luton

Borough

Beds

Beds & Luton

Chemical Grade A 0 4.60 0 0 2.22 2.14 B 53.41 55.93 51.88 0 54.35 52.36 C 34.09 21.33 17.22 100.00 24.89 27.64 D 7.45 17.08 16.75 0 13.77 13.26 E 5.05 1.06 14.15 0 4.77 4.60 F 0 0 0 0 0 0

% of good quality

53.41

60.53

51.88

0

56.57

54.50

% of good or fair quality

94.95 98.94 85.85 100.00 95.23 95.40

Table 1.1: Details of chemical water quality at county and district level, 2002 In the past, biological data has been available only every 5 years, however, from 2002, the Environment Agency aims to report on it annually. To date biological data for all sample stretches within the county are not available to download from their website for 2002 however the Agency has supplied a map illustrating the data [Map 1.2]. District level In order to break down data to district level, stretches crossing local authority boundaries have been allocated proportionally to each local authority area. Figures for these areas for 2002 are given in Table 1.1. Whether percentage of good quality or good and fair quality is considered the pattern between the districts is similar with South Beds having the lowest water quality and Mid Beds the highest. It should be noted that the figures for Luton Borough are based on only two sample stretches. Trends From 1990 to 2002 the percentage of Bedfordshire’s rivers and canals found to be of good quality has risen considerably. Its highest level came in 1996, however this was followed by a drop in 1997. Since then quality has risen again, although has not yet reached the peak seen in 1996. These changes are shown in Figure 1.1.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Year

perc

enta

ge o

f len

gth

of g

ood

qual

ity

1990 1991 1992 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 20021993

Figure 1.1: Percentage of length of Bedfordshire’s rivers and canals of good chemical quality, 1990 to 2002 National/regional comparisons River water quality is one of the government’s national headline indicators and is also reported on regionally. Table 1.2 shows water quality for 1990 and 2002 on the local, regional and national scale. In 2002, the percentage of length of good quality was similar to that seen in the East of England, but slightly lower than that for England as a whole. However, in 1990, the figure for Bedfordshire was considerably lower than for both the East of England and the whole country. The increase in quality seen since then in Bedfordshire has been marked. Using the broader percentage of good or fair quality masks this improvement.

1990

2002

Change (% points)

Good

Good or fair

Good

Good or fair

Good

Good or fair England 43 84 65 94 22 10 E England 21 82 55 92 34 11 Bedfordshire

4 88 57 95 53 7

Table 1.2: Percentage of length of rivers and canals of good or good and fair quality, 1990 and 2002, at local, regional and national level [regional & national data from ‘Regional quality of life

counts – 2003’, DEFRA, June 2004]

Map 1.1

Map 1.2

Indicator 2 Percentage of length of rivers and canals of high nutrient status County Level In 2002, 77% of the length of Bedfordshire’s rivers and canals had nitrate concentrations classified as high or very high (grades 5 & 6), while 95% had phosphate concentrations classified as high to excessively high (grades 4, 5 & 6). Full details are given in Tables 2.1 and 2.2 and are shown on Maps 2.1 and 2.2.

% of length of rivers and canals

Beds Borough

Mid Beds

South Beds

Luton

Borough

Beds

Beds & Luton

Nitrate level

1 0 0 14.15 0 2.56 2.46 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5.68 0 7.08 0 3.20 3.08 4 16.42 16.55 22.41 100.00 17.56 20.58 5 77.90 7.61 21.69 0 33.88 32.65 6 0 75.84 34.67 0 42.80 41.23

% with high nutrient status

77.90 83.45 56.36 0 76.68 73.88

Table 2.1: Details of nitrate levels at county and district levels, 2002. Average nitrate concentrations of greater than 30 mg/l are considered high (grades 4 & 5)

% of length of rivers and canals

Beds Borough

Mid Beds

South Beds

Luton

Borough

Beds

Beds & Luton

Phosphate level 1 0 0 14.15 0 2.56 2.46 2 0 4.60 0 0 2.22 2.14 3 0 0 0 100.00 0 3.66 4 0 14.16 29.48 0 12.15 11.70 5 100.00 44.87 12.74 0 57.67 55.56 6 0 36.37 43.63 0 25.40 24.48

% with high nutrient status

100.00 95.4 85.85 0 95.22 91.74

Table 2.2: Details of phosphate levels at county and district levels, 2002. Average phosphate concentrations of greater than 0.1 mg/l are considered high (grades 4, 5 & 6)

District level In order to break down data to district level, stretches crossing local authority boundaries have been allocated proportionally to each local authority area. Figures for 2002 are given in Tables 2.1 and 2.2. In the case of both nutrients, South Beds district has the lowest percentage of length of rivers and canals of high nutrient status; perhaps reflecting the more agricultural, less urban nature of the other districts? Trends It appears that over the period from 1995 to 2002, the proportion of lengths of rivers and canals in Bedfordshire with high levels of nutrients has not changed a great deal. The slight changes seen in Figure 2.2 suggest that the proportion of lengths of rivers and canals with high levels of nitrates has dropped slightly whereas the proportion with high levels of phosphate has risen a little.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Year

% o

f riv

er le

ngth

nitratesphosphates

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Figure 2.1: Percentage of length of rivers and canals with high nutrient status from 1995 to 2002 In 1996, Nitrate Vulnerable Zones [NVZ] were designated by the government to protect drinking water supplies from high nitrate levels; in 2002, further NVZs were added. All of Bedfordshire is now considered a NVZ meaning that farmers must follow a set of rules to reduce the levels of nitrate being released into the water. It is possible this might be contributing to the slight drop in nitrate levels observed. National/regional comparisons The level of nutrients in rivers and canals is one of the government’s national core indicators. Table 2.3 shows the percentage of length with high nutrient status at the local, regional and national level. In this case, the regional area is the Environment Agency region in which the majority of Bedfordshire falls. In the case of both nutrients the percentage of lengths of rivers and canals with high nutrient status in Bedfordshire is slightly higher than for the Anglian region as a whole and considerably higher than that seen nationally. The Anglian region consistently recorded the highest percentage of all regions for

Map 2.1

Map 2.2

both nutrients – it is likely this reflects the high proportion of its land which is under intensive agriculture. In England as a whole, between 1995 and 2002, the percentage of rivers with high levels of nitrate showed little change while the percentage with high levels of phosphate fell slightly.

Nitrate

Phosphate

1995

2002

1990

1995

2002 England

54

52

67

58

60

Anglian Region 76 72 90 79 81 Bedfordshire 86 77 - 88 95 Table 2.3: Percentage of lengths of rivers and canals with high nutrient status in 1990, 1995 and 2002. Note – the Anglian region is an Environment Agency region, not a governmental one. [national & regional data from www.sustainable-development.gov.uk]

Indicator 3 Distribution of otters Background information The presence of otters as a predator at the top of the food chain gives some indication that the quality of wetland habitats within a river system is likely to be good. From the 1950s to the 1970s, otter populations underwent a steep decline over much of the UK, including Bedfordshire. Water pollution by organochlorine pesticides is thought to have been a major contributory factor in this decline. Records of otters received from Bedfordshire over the period 1995 to 2002 suggested that otters had now returned to many of the county’s watercourses. Some of these otters may have been from re-introductions to the county in the mid-1990s, some may have been wild-bred animals moving into the area. Over the winter of 2003/04 an otter survey was carried out throughout the county. This involved searching for signs of otters, eg spraint and footprints, at pre-selected survey sites. The survey employed the same methodology and sample sites as a survey carried out during the winter of 1996/97. Direct comparisons could therefore be drawn between the results of the two surveys to show how the distribution of otters in the county had changed over the seven year period. Source of data All information has been taken from ‘The Bedfordshire Otter Survey 2003/04’, a report prepared for the Wet Woodland Project in March 2004 by Amanda Proud of the Ivel & Ouse Countryside Project. County level During the winter of 2003/04 signs of otters were found at 26 out of 63 sample sites (41%). Positive signs of otters were found on the Ouse, the Elstow Brook, the Marston Vale flooded clay pits, the Ivel, the Hiz, the Flit, the Ivel Navigation and the Rhee. Map 3.1 shows the distribution of sample sites and those where positive signs of otters were found. District level Map 3.1 shows that during the winter of 2003/04 otters were widely distributed along the River Ouse through Bedford Borough. They were present in watercourses in the eastern part of the Mid Beds district, again part of the catchment of the Ouse, but no signs were found in the watercourses of South Beds which form part of the catchment of the River Lea. Trends The 1996/97 survey found positive signs of otters at 18 of the 63 sites (29%). The results of the 2003/04 survey (41% of sites positive) therefore show a considerable increase in distribution since 1996/97 [Figure 3.1]. During this period otters have spread across the county and are now found over most of the Ouse catchment.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1996/97 2003/04

Survey date

% o

f sam

pled

site

s sh

owin

g po

sitiv

e si

gns

of o

tters

Figure 3.1: Change in proportion of sample sites at which positive signs of otters were found during the surveys of 1996/97 and 2003/04. Number of sites sampled in both surveys was 63. National/regional comparisons The fourth national survey of otters in England was carried out by the Environment Agency from 2000 to 2002. Positive signs of otters were found at 34% of the sample sites visited. In the Anglian region positive signs of otters were found at 27% of sample sites. The survey confirmed that the distribution of otters has continued to increase in all regions of England since the first such survey in 1977-79 [‘Fourth Otter Survey of England 2000-2002, Environment Agency, 2003].

B. Condition of important wildlife and geological sites Background Information Sites of Special Scientific Interest [SSSI] and County Wildlife Sites [CWS] represent the best wildlife habitat in Bedfordshire. SSSIs are designated by English Nature, are of national importance and are statutorily protected; CWSs are of local importance and are designated by the Bedfordshire Biodiversity Forum. Together these sites cover about 6-7% of the area of the county. In 1997 English Nature began a monitoring programme for assessing the condition of SSSIs. Sites are divided into units, usually using physical rather than habitat boundaries. Each unit is assigned a habitat type; generally the most important one, although there may be other habitat types present in the unit. Each unit is classified as being in ‘favourable’ or ‘unfavourable’ condition. Condition is assessed according to both the condition of the habitats and species present and also the management in place to conserve, or recover, them. The category ‘unfavourable’ is further divided into ‘recovering’, ‘no change’ or ‘declining’ when compared to previous visits. English Nature aims to assess each SSSI every six years; more frequently if the site is perceived to be at risk. A monitoring system for CWSs, based on the SSSI assessment method, has been developed for Bedfordshire and has been in use since 2002. To date only 11% of the area of the county designated as CWS has been monitored. The monitoring scheme for both SSSIs and CWSs allows the results to be broken down into broad habitat types. Source of data Data on SSSI condition have been obtained from the English Nature website [www.english-nature.gov.uk] and are summarised in Appendix 3.1. Data on CWS condition have been taken from the CWS monitoring reports 2002-04, carried out for Mid Beds District Council and Beds County Council, and are summarised in Appendix 3.2.

Indicator 4 Area (ha) of SSSI and % in favourable condition County level The number of SSSIs in the county remains 40. These cover an area of 1413ha and include sites designated for their biological and geological interest. The slightly higher figure for the area compared to the last report is due to a correction within the English Nature database, not a change in area on the ground. Table 4.1 shows the condition of the county’s SSSIs as at 1 November 2004. The surveys on which this assessment is based were carried out over the period 1997 – 2004. Condition

Area (ha)

Percentage of total

area

[2001

Percentage] Favourable

915.32

64.8

[67.9]

Unfavourable – recovering 252.67 17.9 [10.5] Unfavourable – no change 120.47 8.5 [15.2] Unfavourable – declining 124.62 8.8 [6.2] Not assessed 0

0 [0.2]

Total 1413.08 Table 4.1: Area and condition of Bedfordshire’s SSSIs in 2004 For reporting purposes English Nature combines both favourable and unfavourable - recovering categories to represent favourable. This convention will be followed throughout this report. The category ‘unfavourable – recovering’ indicates that although the condition is currently unfavourable, management is in place to address the problems. In 2004, 82.7% of Bedfordshire’s SSSIs were in favourable condition, up from 78.4% in 2001. District level Table 4.2 breaks this data down by district. Sites crossing local authority boundaries have been allocated to the authority in which the majority of the site falls. South Beds has a lower percentage of its SSSIs, by area, in favourable condition than Bedford Borough and Mid Beds. District

No.

Area (ha)

% in favourable

condition

% in favourable

condition in 2001 Beds Borough

8

166.22

87.51

87.4

Mid Beds 14 492.19 93.28 89.5 South Beds 18 754.67 74.66 69.3 Luton Borough

0 0 - -

Total 40 1413.08 Table 4.2: Details of number, area and condition of SSSIs within Bedfordshire & Luton districts, 2004.

Habitat types Habitat

Total area of habitat (ha)

No. of sites at which habitat

found

% of area in favourable condition

% in favourable condition in

2001 Standing water

26.30

2

100.00

100.00

Fen/marsh/swamp 9.78 3 57.1 88.9 Bog 2.52 1 0 - Lowland woodland 684.85 10 95.8 93.4 Lowland calcareous grassland 400.56 12 64.9 54.5 Lowland neutral grassland 55.59 11 87.7 89.4 Lowland acid grassland 14.91 2 49.3 27.9 Lowland heathland 62.45 3 46.8 46.8 Earth heritage 156.12 5 86.6 85.5

Total

1413.08

Table 4.3: Details of SSSI condition by broad habitat type, 2004 The habitat types with the lowest percentage of area in favourable condition are heathland, acid grassland and fen/marsh/swamp. Standing water, woodland, neutral grassland and earth heritage sites all have a high percentage of their area in favourable condition, however, it should be noted in the case of standing water that this is represented by only two sites. Improvements in condition since 2001 have been seen for acid grassland and calcareous grassland. The condition of fen/marsh/swamp habitats has deteriorated during this period. Trends There has been no change in number or area of SSSIs since 2001, however, during this period the percentage of their area in favourable condition has risen slightly from 78% to 83% [Table 4.1]. Slight improvements in the percentage of area in favourable condition have been seen in Mid Beds and South Beds during this period while Beds Borough has remained the same [Table 4.2]. The condition of habitat types has mostly remained similar since 2001 [Table 4.3] although improvements have been seen for acid and calcareous grasslands and a drop in condition for fen/marsh/swamp habitats.

0

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20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1 2

Date

% o

f are

a of

SSS

I in

favo

urab

le c

ondi

tion

2001 2004

Figure 4.1: Change in percentage of area of SSSI in Bedfordshire that is in favourable condition, 2001-2004

National/Regional Comparisons The condition of SSSIs is one of the Government’s national core indicators. It has set a Public Service Agreement target that 95% of SSSI land, by area, should be in favourable condition by 2010. SSSI condition in November 2004 for Bedfordshire and its districts is shown in Table 4.4, together with regional and national figures. It can be seen that in general, the condition of our SSSIs is better than the regional and national figures; English Nature’s 2003 report on SSSI condition found that most lowland habitats were in better condition than the national average. Mid Beds has almost reached the government PSA target.

Area

% of SSSI area in

favourable condition England

65.36

East of England 77.52 Bedfordshire 82.65 Bedford Borough 87.51 Mid Bedfordshire 93.28 South Bedfordshire

74.66

Table 4.4: SSSI condition at national, regional and local scales, 2004 Whilst this is good news, it must not be forgotten that the percentage of the area of Bedfordshire that is designated as SSSI [1.2%] is considerably lower than this percentage for both the East of England region [6.6% - Regional Environment Strategy for the East England. EERA & EEEF, 2003] and England as a whole [around 7% - England’s best wildlife and geological sites: the condition of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in England in 2003. English Nature, 2003].

Indicator 5 Area (ha) of County Wildlife Sites and % in favourable condition County level There are currently 381 CWSs in Bedfordshire and Luton, covering an area of 7145ha (this excludes the SSSI land which is included within many CWS boundaries). No Regionally Important Geological & Geomorphological Sites (RIGS), the geological equivalent of CWSs, have yet been designated within Bedfordshire & Luton. 83 (21.8%) CWSs within Bedfordshire have been monitored since the monitoring programme started in 2002 – these cover 764.74ha and represent 10.7% of the area of CWSs in the county. As these are still all initial monitoring visits, no assessment can yet be made as to whether sites in ‘unfavourable’ condition are recovering, not changing or declining. Condition

Area (ha)

Percentage of area

monitored

[2002 percentage]

Favourable

492.24

64.3

[53.4]

Unfavourable 269.0 35.2 [46.6] Destroyed 3.5

0.5 [0]

Total 764.74 Table 5.1: Area (ha) and condition of Bedfordshire’s CWSs, 2004 Of the area of land designated as CWS that was assessed between 2002 and 2004, 64.4% was found to be in a favourable condition [Table 5.1]. One site of 3.5ha, Haynes Church End Marsh, was found to have been destroyed since it was designated in 1997. District level Table 5.2 shows the data for CWSs broken down by district. Sites crossing local authority boundaries have been allocated to the authority in which the majority of the site falls. District

Total no.

Total area (ha)

No. monitored

Area

monitored (ha)

% monitored in favourable

condition Beds Borough

123

2265.45

9

111.0

100.00

Mid Beds 145 3606.83 54 550.9 59.10 South Beds 90 1034.09 20 102.84 54.10 Luton Borough

23 238.98 0 0 -

Total 381 7145.35 83 764.74 Table 5.2: Details of number and area of CWSs, and condition of those monitored, within Bedfordshire & Luton districts, 2004 Although the percentage of monitored CWSs in favourable condition appears to be considerably higher in Bedford Borough, far fewer sites have been monitored in this district. All of the nine sites monitored in this district were woodland sites – a habitat which tends to be in relatively good condition within the county.

Habitat types Habitat

Total area of habitat (ha) monitored

No. of sites at which habitat

found

% of area in favourable condition

% in favourable condition in

2002 Standing water

-

-

-

-

Fen/marsh/swamp 12.30 4 0 - Bog - - - - Lowland woodland 488.94 50 87.14 71.4 Lowland calcareous grassland 28.80 3 100.00 - Lowland neutral grassland 145.0 22 16.34 21.4 Lowland acid grassland 89.70 11 15.27 10.7 Lowland heathland - - - - Earth heritage - - -

Total

764.74

Table 5.3: Details of CWS condition by broad habitat type, 2004 Care should be taken interpreting these figures as for several habitat types only a few sites have been monitored. As with SSSIs, the proportion of CWS woodland area in favourable condition is high. This is also the case for calcareous grassland however only three sites have been monitored to date. The condition of both acid and neutral grassland appears to be low. None of the fen/marsh/swamp habitat monitored was found to be in favourable condition, although the area monitored was small, covering only a small number of sites. Trends The number of County Wildlife Sites in the county has gone up very slightly since 2002 although one site has been found to have been destroyed since its designation. During this period the number and area of CWSs monitored has risen from 20 to 83; from 243ha to 765ha. The percentage of monitored CWSs in favourable condition, by area, has gone up since 2002 - from 53% to 64% [Table 5.1]. It must be remembered that the 2004 figure is a more representative estimate of CWS condition, as it now incorporates a larger sample of sites, not an improvement in the condition of the sites monitored in 2002. In 2002 only CWSs in Mid Beds had been monitored; by 2004 the number of sites monitored in this district had risen from 20 to 54 and the percentage of area in favourable condition had risen slightly from 53% to 59%. Table 5.3 includes data from 2002 broken down by habitat. Although the data are too few to draw firm conclusions, there appears to be a similar pattern between habitats to 2004 – woodland being in better condition than acid and neutral grassland. National/Regional Comparisons No equivalent national or regional figures are available for the condition of CWSs.

C. Condition of the wider countryside Indicator 6 Area (ha) of land under Countryside Stewardship agreements Background Information Countryside Stewardship has, until recently, been the government’s main scheme for the countryside. It was launched in 1991 and the last applications were received in 2004. As part of the England Rural Development Programme it is run by Defra. The scheme makes payments to farmers and other land managers to manage land in an environmentally beneficial way. Grants are available to enhance, restore and recreate targeted landscapes, their wildlife habitats and historical features and to improve opportunities for public access. Capital and annual payments are available for land committed to an approved 10-year management plan. Within the scheme various landscape types are eligible, for example, arable farmland, chalk & limestone grassland, countryside around towns, field boundaries, historic features, lowland heath, new access, meadows & pastures, old orchards and waterside land. In addition, each county has a set of targeting statements describing the most important environmental features and habitats in the county, together with key objectives as to how these should be conserved and enhanced. These guide the type of applications that are successful. As from 2005 a new Environmental Stewardship scheme will replace Countryside Stewardship, however, existing agreements will continue until the end of their 10 year term. Source of data Data for 2003 were obtained from the Defra website [www.defra.gov.uk], and further figures for 2005 were obtained from their Countryside Stewardship Advisor for Bedfordshire. Luton Borough is included within Bedfordshire on the Defra database. Indicator results County level By 2003 there were 190 Countryside Stewardship agreements in existence in Bedfordshire & Luton, covering an area of 2280ha. This represented 1.85% of the land area of Bedfordshire & Luton. In January 2005, 202 (14.4%) of the area’s 1402 holdings were involved in the scheme, 956km of arable margins were being managed under Stewardship agreements [roughly the same distance as from Land’s End to John O’Groats!] and 275 km of hedges had either been restored or were to be restored under the scheme. District level Breaking down data to district level is not recommended by Defra. It is felt that using the data on such a small scale could be misleading as the various districts contain different habitat types and as such are set different targets. Map 6.1 shows the distribution of holdings within the Countryside Stewardship scheme in Bedfordshire & Luton in July 2004.

Trends Since 2000 uptake of the Countryside Stewardship scheme has continued to increase in Bedfordshire. The number of holdings involved in the scheme rose from 166 in 2000 to 190 in 2003; an increase of 14% in three years [Figure 6.1]. By January 2005, the number had reached 202.

150

155

160

165

170

175

180

185

190

195

1 2

Date

No.

of a

gree

men

ts

2000 2003

Figure 6.1: Increase in number of Stewardship agreements in Bedfordshire, 2000 - 2003 The area of land involved increased from 1280ha in 2000 to 2280ha in 2003 [Figure 6.2]; an increase in area of 78% in three years.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1 2

Date

Are

a un

der a

gree

men

t (ha

)

2000 2003

Figure 6.2: Increase in area of land under Stewardship agreement in Bedfordshire, 2000 – 2003

Lengths of arable margins being managed under the scheme more than doubled in five years from 405km in 2000 to 956km in 2005. In 2000, 203km of hedges had been entered into agreements for restoration or planting. The figure for 2005 was 275km; an increase of 35% over five years.

National/Regional Comparisons The area under agreement under the Environmentally Sensitive Area and Countryside Stewardship Agri-Environment schemes is one of the Government’s national core indicators. Nationally there has been a continual increase in the area of land under both types of agreements in the period from 1987 to 2002. There are no ESAs within Bedfordshire – however this year on year increase has been seen in the uptake of Countryside Stewardship. Table 6.1 shows that the percentage of Bedfordshire & Luton under Countryside Stewardship agreements is similar to that found over the East of England region. These percentages however are lower than that for England as a whole; perhaps not surprising given the highly intensive arable nature of eastern England.

No. of agreements

Area under agreement (ha)

% of total land area

Bedfordshire

190

2,280

1.85

East of England 1,814 35,370 1.81 England

16,101 530,620 3.99

Table 6.1: Details of national, regional and local Countryside Stewardship agreements, 1994 - 2003 The percentage of holdings in Countryside Stewardship in Bedfordshire & Luton compares favourably with other counties in the area [Table 6.2].

Number of agreements

Number of holdings

% of holdings with agreements

Bedfordshire & Luton

202

1402

14.4

Cambridgeshire 343 3345 10.3 Hertfordshire 183 1544 11.9 West Essex

107 1992 5.4

Table 6.2: Percentage of holdings with Countryside Stewardship agreements, January 2005

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Indicator 7 Area (ha) of organic holdings Background Information Organic farming, with its emphasis on sustainable production avoiding the use of pesticides and herbicides, can be used as an indicator of land which is being managed in a manner beneficial to the health of the environment. Organic farmers have to meet a range of standards and to be registered with an organic certification body. The baseline standards are provided by the Advisory Committee of Organic Standards (ACOS) which also approves and monitors the work of the organic certification bodies. A 2004 joint EN/RSPB review comparing organic and non-organic farms concluded that usually, although not always, organic farms were better for wildlife than equivalent non-organic farms [‘Does organic farming benefit biodiversity?’ Biological Conservation, 2004]. Source of data Defra now collates data on organic farming from the various organic sector bodies throughout the UK and provide county data on request. Luton Borough is included within Bedfordshire on the Defra database. Indicator results County level In January 2004 there were 12 holdings registered as organic within Bedfordshire, covering a total of 775ha of the county. This represents 0.9% of the county’s agricultural land by area. Of this land, 733ha were fully organic while 41ha were in conversion. Table 7.1 gives details of the types of organic crops involved.

Broad crop

Area (ha)

Cereals

207.70

Crops 62.58 Permanent pasture 288.61 Temporary pasture 173.03 Vegetables 21.32 Woodland & set aside 21.49 Total

774.73

Table 7.1: Organic crops in Bedfordshire, January 2004 District level The distribution of organic holdings throughout the county is shown on Map 7.1. The apparent location of two sites in Buckinghamshire is due to the plotting of the map by postcode. Table 7.2 shows that there are organic holdings in each of the districts apart from Luton.

Number of organic holdings Beds Borough

5

Mid Beds 4 South Beds 3 Luton Borough 0 Bedfordshire

12

Table 7.2: Numbers of organic holdings in Bedfordshire’s districts, 2004 Trends Data on organic holdings has only recently been collated in one place so long term data is hard to obtain. In December 2001 there were 10 holdings registered as organic within Bedfordshire [’Organic farming in Bedfordshire: constraints and solutions’, Elm Farm Research Centre, 2001]. This represented 711ha of land either fully organic or in conversion (0.81% of the county’s agricultural land). There has therefore been an increase of two holdings and 64ha in just over two years. This represents an increase in the area of organic land of 9%. National/Regional Comparisons The area of land converted or in conversion to organic production is one of the government’s national core indicators. This area has increased dramatically in recent years. In 1998 only 55,000ha of UK land was converted or in conversion to organic production but, by 2003, this figure had risen to 741,000ha [data from www.sustainable-development.gov.uk]. Table 7.3 shows that the percentage of Bedfordshire’s agricultural land registered as organic is similar to the East of England region, but lower than England as a whole. In England the percentage of agricultural land farmed organically is much higher in areas such as the south-west and the north-east.

In-conversion

Organic

Total (ha)

Total

agricultural area (ha)

% of total

agricultural area

England

36,904

222,026

258,930

9,177,389

2.8%

East of England 2,986 9,687 12,672 1,458,963 0.9% Bedfordshire 41 733 775 87,339 0.9% Table 7.3: Local, regional and national organic holdings, January 2004 [regional and national data from Organic Statistics, England published by Defra and National Statistics, July 2004]. Area of agricultural land in Bedfordshire from June Agricultural Census, 2003

Map 7.1

Bedfordshire

Hertfordshire

Buckinghamshire

Cambridgeshire

Northamptonshire

Organic HoldingsBy Postcode

Bedfordshire Organic Holdings

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permissionof Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's StationeryOffice © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crowncopyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.Defra 100018880 2004. Map produced by Leeds GIU November 2004

0 4 8 12 162Kilometers

Indicator 8 Area (ha) of woodland within Woodland Grant Scheme Background Information The Woodland Grant Scheme [WGS] was, until June 2004, the government scheme to encourage the creation and beneficial management of woodlands. It was administered by the Forestry Commission. All privately owned woodlands were considered for grants under the WGS. Applicants that best suited the priorities of the England Forestry Strategy were given higher priority. Annual management grant was paid for the beneficial management of existing woodlands. The grant was paid for a five year period, during which the proposed work had to be carried out to the Forestry Commission’s satisfaction. Grants were also available for the planting of new woodlands; both broadleaf and conifer. Such areas had to be maintained to the satisfaction of the Forestry Commission for ten years after planting. Grant agreements in existence at the time of the scheme’s closure continue to operate. A new England Woodland Grant Scheme will be launched in July 2005. Source of data Data were obtained from the East England Conservancy of the Forestry Commission. Luton is included within Bedfordshire on this database. Indicator results County level Due to the format of data supplied concerning annual management grants, it has not been possible to accurately work out the area of woodland currently receiving this grant. Figures are however available for the area approved for this grant during the period April 2002 until December 2004. These cannot simply be added to the figure for August 2002 from the previous report to give an up-to-date figure as there is some overlap in the time periods and an unknown number of schemes will have expired during this period. During the financial year 2003/04, WGS payments were made for the new planting of 13.70ha of broadleaf woodland in Bedfordshire. No payments were made for the planting of coniferous woodland. District level District

Area of woodland (ha) approved for annual

management grant in April 2002 – Dec 2004

Area (ha) of new broadleaf planting in

2003/04

Area (ha) of new conifer planting in

2003/04

Beds Borough

166.91

1.89

0

Mid Beds 1036.91 11.81 0 South Beds 62.37 0 0 Luton Borough

15.6 0 0

Total 1281.79 13.70 0 Table 8.1: Details of WGS payments in Bedfordshire districts

It can be seen that the area of existing woodland being approved for annual management grant between April 2002 and December 2004 was greatest in Mid Bedfordshire. This district also saw the largest area of new broadleaf planting. Trends Additional areas of woodland in Bedfordshire received annual management grants during the period from 2002 to 2004. Figure 8.1 shows that the area of new broadleaf woodland being planted annually in Bedfordshire under the WGS appears to have been declining since 1999/2000. The area of conifer planted has always been significantly lower than the area of broadleaf planted and in the last few years this has all but stopped.

0

20

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60

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100

120

140

1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04

Year

Are

a (h

a)

broadleaf

conifer

Figure 8.1: Area (ha) of new planting in Bedfordshire under the WGS, 1993/94 – 2003/4 Figure 8.2 shows the area of broadleaf planting broken down by district.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

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90

1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04

Year

Are

a (h

a) o

f bro

adle

af p

lant

ing

Beds Borough

Mid Beds

South Beds

Figure 8.2: Areas (ha) of broadleaf planting in Bedfordshire districts, 1993/94 – 2003/04

National/Regional Comparisons Although it was originally intended that the national core indicator ‘area of land under agri-environment schemes’ would be developed to include the area of land within WGS, this appears not to have happened. The current national core indicator is ‘sustainable management of woodlands’ measured by the proportion of woodland area certified under the Forest Stewardship Council [FSC]. FSC certification is achieved by meeting the UK Woodland Assurance Standard [UKWAS] or the FSC UK standard. Certified woodlands are monitored to ensure that good management continues to be implemented. As with the WGS, woodland can be sustainably managed without being certified. This may particularly apply to small woodlands due to the cost of certification or where timber is not produced commercially and therefore there is no need for certification. In 2001, 291,000ha in England (24% of woodland) and 1,084,000ha in the UK (39% of woodland) was FSC certified. Data for Bedfordshire have been requested but not yet obtained.

Indicator 9 Populations of wild birds Background Information Birds are very useful indicator species. They are found in a wide variety of habitats and, being at or near the top of the food chain, their numbers reflect conditions throughout their habitat. The British Trust for Ornithology [BTO] runs a Breeding Bird Survey [BBS] in which its volunteers throughout the country collect data on numbers of common birds. The BBS is based on surveys of randomly selected 1km squares. Within each square two 1km transects across the square are walked on two occasions, surveyors recording the birds they hear or see. Its aim is not to establish total population sizes but to compare numbers year to year. The BBS was initiated in 1994 and its data are used by the BTO, the RSPB and JNCC to produce the government’s national headline indicator on population trends of wild birds. Prior to 1994, the Common Bird Survey provided data for examining trends in bird populations. It is recommended that a species must occur in 20 or more squares for accurate population trends to be established. The small size of Bedfordshire means that is difficult to calculate statistically significant trends for any but the commonest species. Source of data Data on 30 of the commonest species were obtained from the BTO’s website [www.bto.org] and the analysis was carried out by Paul Vann of Beds CC. The fieldwork for the BBS in the county was carried out by members of the Bedfordshire Bird Club. Luton is included within Bedfordshire in the BBS. Indicator results County level 1994 - 2000 2000 - 2002 2002 – 2003 Bedfordshire No. of species

whose population increased

21

17

13

No. of species whose population decreased

9

13

17

% increasing

70% 57% 43%

East of England No. of species whose population increased

18

14

14

No. of species whose population decreased

12

16

16

% increasing

60% 47% 47%

England No. of species whose population increased

22

16

16

No. of species whose population decreased

8

14

14

% increasing

73% 53% 53%

Table 9.1: Details of the proportion of 30 common species increasing at a county, regional and national level

District level Breaking these data down to district level is inadvisable due to the small sample sizes involved. Trends Table 9.1 suggests that in Bedfordshire between 1994 and 2003 there has been a decrease in the proportion of species whose population size is increasing.

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1994-2000 2000-2002 2002-2003

Period

% o

f spe

cies

who

se p

opul

aito

n in

crea

sed

durin

g pe

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Figure 9.1: Changes in the proportion of 30 common bird species whose population size is increasing in Bedfordshire, 1994 – 2003. National/Regional Comparisons Populations of wild birds are one of the government’s national headline indicators. In the period 1970 to 2003, although the overall population of British breeding birds increased, populations of woodland and farmland birds declined significantly, falling by 11% and 43% respectively. An encouraging sign is that towards the end of this period, from 1998 to 2003, the decline in population of both these types of birds appeared to level off [www.sustainable-development.gov.uk]. Directly comparable figures are not available regionally, however regional wild bird indices calculated for 1994 – 2002 suggest that the proportion of woodland and, particularly, farmland bird species with declining populations was higher in the East of England than over England as a whole [Regional quality of life counts – 2003, Defra, 2004]. Table 9.1 suggests that the increase in the proportion of common species whose population size is declining seen at local, regional and national scales has been more marked in Bedfordshire.

D. Access to the countryside Indicator 10 Area (ha) of publicly accessible land managed for nature conservation per 1000 people Background Information Access to land rich in wildlife can contribute greatly to people’s quality of life. For this reason English Nature has produced a set of Accessible Natural Greenspace Standards, one of which is the provision of at least 1ha of Local Nature Reserve [LNR] per 1000 population. This is a target within the Urban Habitat Action Plan of the Bedfordshire & Luton Biodiversity Action Plan. As this target excludes other publicly accessible land of high wildlife value serving a similar function to LNRs, the above indicator was developed in order to provide a measure of the accessibility of land rich in wildlife to people in Bedfordshire. The definition of ‘managed for nature conservation’ used is ‘sites which have a management plan in which nature conservation plays an important role’. Sites which have permissive access have been included however those for which there is an entrance fee have been excluded. Source of data Data were obtained from organisations owning or managing such land in the county. An up-to-date database of the sites meeting the criteria is given in Appendix 4.1. Future data management As part of the Bedfordshire Green Infrastructure Project, an open spaces and outdoor access audit has recently been carried out by Beds County Council. Site boundaries are stored on a GIS system. The criteria for inclusion in this audit were broader than the present study, being based on the PPG17 definition of open space, however, the sites meeting the criteria for this indicator should be included within this wider audit (with the probable exception of those through which access is granted under the Countryside Stewardship scheme). In future it may be possible to include ‘indicator sites’ as a subset of the open space GIS database which would allow maps to be produced of their distribution. Indicator results County level In Bedfordshire, 2436ha of publicly accessible land is now managed for nature conservation. This equates to 6.27 ha per 1000 population and is 2.04% of the land area of the county [Table 10.1]. If Luton is included, the area rises to 2558ha; 4.47ha per 1000 people and 2.07% of the area of the two authorities. There are now 18 Local Nature Reserves within Bedfordshire but none in Luton. LNRs cover 299.23ha. This equates to 0.77ha per 1000 people in Bedfordshire, however only 0.52ha per 1000 people if Bedfordshire & Luton are considered together.

District level Table 10.1 illustrates the variation in provision between districts. When considered per 1000 people, provision is highest in Mid Beds and lowest in Luton Borough, however, as a percentage of the area of the district, South Beds and Luton score more highly. District

Population

Area (ha)

Area (ha) of access land

Area (ha) per 1000 people

% of district

area Beds Borough

149,900

47,653

606.87

4.05

1.27

Mid Beds 125,000 50,285 1146.08 9.17 2.28 South Beds 113,700 21,282 683.01 6.01 3.21 Luton

184,371 4,226 122.50 0.66 2.90

Bedfordshire 388,600 119,220 2435.96 6.27 2.04 Beds & Luton

572,971 123,446 2558.46 4.47 2.07

Table 10.1: Availability of publicly accessible land managed for nature conservation in Bedfordshire

[population data are 2003 mid-year estimates from Beds CC and Luton BC websites] District

No. of LNRs

Area (ha) of LNRs

Area (ha) of

LNR per 1000 people

% of district area

Beds Borough

7

60.40

0.40

0.13

Mid Beds 8 158.13 1.27 0.31 South Beds 3 80.7 0.71 0.38 Luton Borough

0 0 0 0

Bedfordshire 18 299.23 0.77 0.25 Beds & Luton 18 299.23 0.52 0.24

Table 10.2: Availabilty of LNRs in Bedfordshire districts. A similar pattern of variation can be seen in the availability of LNRs with Mid Beds having the largest area per 1000 people – at 1.27ha more than meeting English Nature’s target. There are no LNRs in Luton Borough. When provision is considered as a proportion of the area of the district, South Beds again scores slightly higher than Mid Beds. In both cases, provision is lower within Bedford Borough. Trends In 2002 in Bedfordshire there was 2168ha of access land managed for nature conservation; 5.6ha per 1000 people. By 2004 this had risen by 268ha (12%) to 2436ha, 6.3ha per 1000 people. Just under half of this increase is due to data newly included on access land provided by Countryside Stewardship (some 106ha). Much of this land was already accessible under agreement in 2002 but data was not easily obtained and so was not included in the database. However the remainder is due to new sites meeting the criteria – either by the production of management plans, land purchase or new access agreements. The provision of Local Nature Reserves in Bedfordshire rose very slightly between 2002 and 2004; from 0.76ha per 1000 people to 0.77ha per 1000 people.

National/Regional Comparisons There is no equivalent national or regional indicator. The government’s national core indicator ‘ease of access to local green space and countryside’ is based on data from a survey of attitudes to quality of life and the environment carried out in 2001 in which it was found that 84% of respondents were within easy walking distance of local green space or countryside. There are no equivalent local data. There are, however, other pieces of work which can provide an impression of where Bedfordshire stands in relation to other areas.

• A study in Luton using one of English Nature’s Accessible Natural Greenspace Standards – namely that no person should live more than 300m from their nearest area of natural greenspace of at least 2ha in size – showed that this standard was not being met in the Borough. The proportion of the population not having this access to greenspace varied between enumeration districts from 8% to 75% [A Review of the Provision of Accessible Informal Green Space in the Borough of Luton, Bedfordshire Wildlife Trust, 2003].

• Recently the Woodland Trust has developed a set of standards for the provision of woodland

open space [Space for People; targeting action for woodland access, The Woodland Trust, 2004]. They have carried out an audit to provide baseline data on the current situation across the country. Appendix 4.2 summarises the targets and the data they have for Bedfordshire, Luton and the districts, together with regional and national figures. In general it can be seen that currently access to woodland open space in Bedfordshire is less than for the East of England region and England as a whole. Access to woodland open space is much higher in Mid Beds than in the other districts.

Notes on indicators suggested for possible future use Appendix 1.1 River flow rates River flow is essential for maintaining river uses such as healthy ecosystems, abstraction, navigation and recreation. River flow rate varies naturally due to rainfall and is subject to marked seasonal and year-to-year variation. River flow rate is not a government indicator, however, it is reported on nationally by the Environment Agency, using data from eight sites throughout England and Wales. One of these sites is on the River Great Ouse at Offord (see below).

Source: Environment Agency

Data are reported as mean monthly river flows. They are displayed over decades to establish long term trends that may be due to climate change or abstraction. No clear trends have emerged nationally as yet, however, the Agency does note that there could be significant regional and local differences. The above graph does suggest a long term decrease in river flow in the Anglian region. A list of the gauging stations within Bedfordshire was requested from the Environment Agency and is shown below. Given the downward trend suggested by our closest national indicator site, and that data are available for a range of sites over a reasonable length of time, it seems worth developing a flow rate indicator for the county.

Gauging Stations within or just outside Bedfordshire Length of record Station Name Station Number River NGR River water level Flow Leighton Buzzard 033057 Ouzel SP 917 241 12/1993 - present 02/1976 - present Shefford 033028 Flit TL 143 393 10/1979 - present 09/1966 - present Arlesey 033033 Hiz TL 190 379 10/1979 - present 04/1973 - present Blunham 033022 Ivel TL 153 509 10/1979 - present 08/1959 - present Roxton 033039 Ouse TL 160 535 10/1979 - present 10/1972 - present Bedford 033002 Ouse TL 055 495 03/1993 - present 01/1933 - present Clipstone New Weir 033090 Clipstone Brook SP 940 259 09/2001 - present* 02/2004 - present Clipstone Old Weir 033030 Clipstone Brook SP 933 255 n/a 10/1957 - 07/1980 Meagre Farm 033012 Kym TL 155 631 10/1979 - present 05/1960 - present Ashwell 033040 Rhee TL 267 401 10/1979 - present 11/1965 - present Hitchin 033065 Hiz TL 185 290 02/1994 - present 08/1980 - present Bletchley 033058 Ouzel SP 883 322 07/1992 - present 05/1978 - present Willen 033015 Ouzel SP 883 409 08/1992 - present 01/1962 - present Broughton 033031 Broughton Brook SP 888 407 06/1991 - present 11/1970 - present Newport Pagnell Main 033137 Ouse SP 877 442 10/1979 - present 10/1969 - present Newport Pagnell Mill 033237 Ouse SP 877 442 12/1992 - present 10/1969 - present Cappenham 033018 Tove SP 712 487 10/1979 - present 02/1962 - present * there are a lot of gaps in this data. Quite a patchy record.

LERAPs Local Environment Risk Assessments for Pesticides [LERAPs] were suggested as a possible means of measuring beneficial farmland management in the form of buffer zones adjacent to water courses. A LERAP can be carried out by a landowner if they are spraying pesticide near a watercourse and would like to reduce the buffer zone specified on the product label. In the case of some products a LERAP cannot be carried out as it is illegal to reduce the specified buffer zone. This does not appear to be an appropriate method by which to measure beneficial farmland management and should not be considered further for development as an indicator.

The General Quality Assessment Scheme Appendix 2.1 Methodologies for the classification of river and estuary quality [taken from the Water Quality Public Register, Environment Agency, Anglian Region] General Quality Assessment of Rivers – Chemistry The chemical GQA describes quality in terms of chemical measurements which detect the most common types of pollution. It allocates one of six grades (A to F) to each stretch of river, using the same, strictly defined procedures, throughout England and Wales. The process is set out below. To each sampling site, we assign a stretch of river that the site will characterise. In the main these sites, and the monitoring, are the same as those used to take decisions on developments that will affect water quality – discharges, abstractions and changes in land use. We use only results from the routine pre-planned sampling programmes with samples analysed by accredited laboratories. To avoid bias we ignore all extra data collected for special surveys or in response to incidents or accidents. The routine programme involves monthly sampling at some 7,000 monitoring points on over 40,000 kilometres of rivers and canals in England and Wales. Sites are sampled a minimum of 12 times a year. We use the data collected over three years because this produces 36 samples per site, giving the required precision in making judgements about particular rivers, bearing in mind the cost of monitoring. All the results collected over the three years are included. No extreme data values are excluded. Chemistry grades at a glance

Grade Quality A Very good B Good C Fairly good D Fair E Poor F Bad

A grade is defined in Table 1 by standards for the determinands biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia and dissolved oxygen. A grade is assigned to each river length according to the worst determinand. These determinands are indicators of pollution that apply to all rivers, first because of the widespread risk of pollution from sewage or farms, and second because of the toxicity of ammonia and the requirement for dissolved oxygen for aquatic life, including fish. Table 2 describes the general characteristics of each grade.

General Quality Assessment of Rivers – Biology Each biological sampling site corresponds to a stretch of river also characterised by a chemical site (but not all stretches have a biological sampling point). Although biological and chemical sites are not always coincident they are subject to the same water quality, and as far as possible are not separated by tributaries, discharges, weirs or other potential influences on water quality. The biological scheme is based on the macro-invertebrate communities of rivers and canals, and include insects such as mayflies and caddis flies, together with snails, shrimps, worms and many others. Macro-invertebrates can be affected by pollutants that occur infrequently or in very low concentrations and which may be missed by chemical sampling. For biological assessment, macro-invertebrates are grouped into 83 taxa. As different taxa respond differently to pollution, they are given scores of between 1 (pollution-tolerant taxa) and 10 (pollution-sensitive taxa). The presence of taxa sensitive to pollution suggests better water quality than for sites where only pollution-tolerant taxa are found. By comparing taxa found in the sample with those expected if the river were unpolluted, rivers can be classified into one of six grades (Table 3). There will be some rivers where water quality might permit a higher grade were it not for limits imposed by poor habitat, the nature of the river channel or the pattern of river flows. The divisions between grades are based on the need to detect and report changes in biological quality so that any deterioration may be acted upon before it goes too far. The extremes (grades a and f) are set to reflect very good and bad quality, with intermediate grades set pragmatically between these extremes. Although the biology of these intermediate grades will differ from site to site in terms of the actual taxa that are present, the grades will reflect the relative position of the sites on a common scale between the best and worse possible quality. The grading of waters through sampling is not precise. There is, on average, a risk of 22% that rivers will be graded incorrectly. It is unusual for this error to extend beyond the adjacent grade. There is a tendency for a pessimistic grade to be calculated as taxa are more likely to be missed than added when samples are analysed. Biology grades at a glance

Grade Quality a Very good b Good c Fairly good d Fair e Poor f Bad

General Quality Assessment of Rivers – Nutrients Samples are analysed for their concentrations of two nutrients, nitrate and phosphate. Data collected over three years are used to determine average nutrient concentrations. All the results collected over three years are included. No extreme data values are excluded. A grade from 1 to 6 is allocated for both phosphate and nitrate. These are not combined into a single nutrients grade, because they reflect different aspects of water quality. Table 4 shows the limits for each phosphate grade. Table 5 shows the limits for each nitrate grade. There are no ‘good’ or ‘bad’ concentrations for nutrients in rivers in the way that we describe chemical and biological quality. Rivers in different parts of the country have different concentrations of nutrients. ‘Very low’ nutrient concentrations, for example, are not necessarily good or bad; the classification merely states that concentration in this river are very low relative to other rivers. Phosphate grades The descriptors used relate to the Phosphate concentrations in the grades. ‘High’ descriptions refer to grades where the average concentration is more than 0.1mgl-1. This is the concentration which is considered indicative of possible existing or future problems of eutrophication (the enrichment of water by nutrients, especially compounds of nitrogen and/or phosphorus, causing accelerated growth of algae and higher plant forms which can disturb the balance of organisms present in the water and the quality of the water concerned.) High concentrations of phosphate do not necessarily mean that the river is eutrophic. Other factors have to be taken into account such as the amount and type of algae present, flow rates and dissolved oxygen concentration. Nitrate grades The descriptors used relate to the Nitrate concentrations in the grades. ‘High’ descriptions refer to grades where the average concentration is more than 30mgl-1. This limit very roughly corresponds to the 95 percentile limit of 50mgl-1 which is used in the European Community (EC) Drinking Water Directive and the EC Nitrate Directive. There is, however, no direct comparison because the methods used to calculate the 95 percentile for the purposes of these Directives are strictly laid down and cannot be estimated from average concentrations over three years. Phosphate and Nitrate grades at a glance

Grade Description – Phosphate Description – Nitrate 1 Very low Very low 2 Low Low 3 Moderate Moderately low 4 High Moderate 5 Very high High 6 Excessively high Very high

SECTION 2 - TABLES Table 1: Standards for the chemical GQA

GQA Grade Dissolved oxygen (% saturation) 10-percentile

Biochemical oxygen demand (mgl-1)

90-percentile

Ammonia (mgNl-1)

90-percentile A 80 2.5 0.25 B 70 4 0.6 C 60 6 1.3 D 50 8 2.5 E 20 15 9.0 F <20 - -

NOTES: 90-percentile compliance – the river should contain less than the specified levels for at least 90% of the time. 10-percentile compliance – levels should not fall below the standard for more than 10% of the time. mgl-1 – milligrammes per litre mgNl-1 – milligrammes per litre of Nitrogen Table 2: Grades of river quality for the chemical GQA Chemical grade Likely uses and characteristics* A Very good All abstractions

Very good salmonid fisheries Cyprinid fisheries Natural ecosystems

B Good All abstractions Salmonid fisheries Cyprinid fisheries Ecosystems at or close to natural

C Fairly good Potable supply after advanced treatment Other abstractions Good cyprinid fisheries Natural ecosystems, or those corresponding to good cyprinid fisheries

D Fair Potable supply after advanced treatment Other abstractions Fair cyprinid fisheries Impacted ecosystems

E Poor Low grade abstraction for industry Fish absent or sporadically present, vulnerable to pollution** Impoverished ecosystems**

F Bad Very polluted rivers which may cause nuisance Severely restricted ecosystems

* Provided other standards are met ** Where the grade is caused by discharges of organic pollution

Table 3: Grades of river quality for the biological GQA Grade Biological criteria a The biology is similar to (or better than) that expected for an average, unpolluted river of

this type, size and location. There is a high diversity of families, usually with several species in each. It is rare to find a dominance of any one family.

b The biology shows minor differences from grade ‘a’ and falls a little short of that expected for an unpolluted river of this size, type and location. There may be a small reduction in the number of families that are sensitive to pollution, and a moderate increase in the number of individuals in the families that tolerate pollution (such as worms and midges). This may indicate the first signs of organic pollution.

c The biology is worse than that expected for an unpolluted river of this size, type and location. Many of the sensitive families are absent or the number of individuals is reduced, and in many cases there is a marked rise in the numbers of individuals in the families that tolerate pollution.

d The biology shows considerable differences from that expected for an unpolluted river of this size, type and location. Sensitive families are scarce and contain only small numbers of individuals. There may be a range of those families that tolerate pollution and some of these may have a high number of individuals.

e The biology is restricted to animals that tolerate pollution with some families dominant in terms of the numbers of individuals. Sensitive families will be rare or absent.

f The biology is limited to a small number of very tolerant families, often only worms, midge larvae, leeches and the water hog-louse. These may be present in very high numbers, but even these may be missing if the pollution is toxic. In the very worse cases there may be no life present in the river.

Table 4: Phosphate classification

Grade Grade limit (mgPl-1) Average

Description

1 <0.02 Very low 2 >0.02 to 0.06 Low 3 >0.06 to 0.1 Moderate 4 >0.1 to 0.2 High 5 >0.2 to 1.0 Very high 6 >1 Excessively high

NOTES: MgPl-1 – milligrammes per litre of Phosphate Table 5: Nitrate classification

Grade Grade limit (mgNO3l-1) Average

Description

1 <5 Very low 2 >5 to 10 Low 3 >10 to 20 Moderately low 4 >20 to 30 Moderate 5 >30 to 40 High 6 >40 Very high

NOTES: MgNO3l-1 – milligrammes per litre of Nitrate

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05

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App

endi

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5: N

utrie

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vel a

sses

smen

ts -

Bed

ford

shire

and

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on

App

endi

x 3.

1: C

ondi

tion

of S

SSI u

nits

(Bed

ford

shire

) - c

ompi

led

1 N

ov 2

004

Dat

a fr

om E

nglis

h N

atur

e

SSSI

nam

eD

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bita

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o.U

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rea

(ha)

Dat

eC

ondi

tion

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ton

Hill

sS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

144

.23

10/6

/200

4Fa

vour

able

Bar

ton

Hill

sS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

23.

748/

11/2

004

Unf

avou

rabl

e de

clin

ing

Bid

denh

am P

itB

BE

arth

her

itage

10.

175/

25/1

999

Unf

avou

rabl

e de

clin

ing

Bid

denh

am P

itB

BE

arth

her

itage

20.

241/

11/2

002

Favo

urab

leB

low

's D

own

SB

Cal

care

ous

gras

slan

d - l

owla

nd1

19.6

77/

11/2

003

Unf

avou

rabl

e re

cove

ring

Blo

w's

Dow

nS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

213

.63

7/11

/200

3U

nfav

oura

ble

reco

verin

gC

oope

r's H

illM

BD

war

f shr

ub h

eath

- lo

wla

nd1

18.0

610

/13/

1999

Unf

avou

rabl

e de

clin

ing

Dea

con

Hill

MB

Cal

care

ous

gras

slan

d - l

owla

nd1

25.0

86/

15/2

004

Favo

urab

leD

eaco

n H

illM

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

210

.33

3/3/

1999

Favo

urab

leD

oubl

e A

rche

s P

itS

BE

arth

her

itage

11.

617/

11/2

001

Favo

urab

leD

rops

hort

Mar

shS

BN

eutra

l gra

ssla

nd -

low

land

12.

736/

30/1

999

Favo

urab

leD

unst

able

And

Whi

psna

de D

owns

SB

Cal

care

ous

gras

slan

d - l

owla

nd1

38.5

58/

16/2

002

Unf

avou

rabl

e re

cove

ring

Dun

stab

le A

nd W

hips

nade

Dow

nsS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

212

.94

7/27

/200

0U

nfav

oura

ble

reco

verin

gD

unst

able

And

Whi

psna

de D

owns

SB

Cal

care

ous

gras

slan

d - l

owla

nd3

21.8

78/

23/2

004

Unf

avou

rabl

e no

cha

nge

Fanc

ott W

oods

And

Mea

dow

sS

BN

eutra

l gra

ssla

nd -

low

land

19.

0611

/12/

1999

Unf

avou

rabl

e re

cove

ring

Fanc

ott W

oods

And

Mea

dow

sS

BN

eutra

l gra

ssla

nd -

low

land

24.

211

/12/

1999

Unf

avou

rabl

e re

cove

ring

Felm

ersh

am G

rave

l Pits

BB

Sta

ndin

g op

en w

ater

and

can

als

121

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7/21

/199

9U

nfav

oura

ble

reco

verin

gFl

itwic

k M

oor

MB

Bro

adle

aved

, mix

ed a

nd y

ew w

oodl

and

- low

land

111

.32/

26/1

998

Favo

urab

leFl

itwic

k M

oor

MB

Bro

adle

aved

, mix

ed a

nd y

ew w

oodl

and

- low

land

29.

562/

6/19

98Fa

vour

able

Flitw

ick

Moo

rM

BFe

n, m

arsh

and

sw

amp

32.

7110

/25/

2003

Unf

avou

rabl

e de

clin

ing

Flitw

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road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

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d - l

owla

nd4

4.61

2/26

/199

8Fa

vour

able

Flitw

ick

Moo

rM

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd5

31.6

7/28

/199

9Fa

vour

able

Gal

ley

And

War

den

Hill

sS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

111

.63

7/18

/200

3Fa

vour

able

Gal

ley

And

War

den

Hill

sS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

220

.41

7/18

/200

3U

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oura

ble

reco

verin

gG

alle

y A

nd W

arde

n H

ills

SB

Cal

care

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gras

slan

d - l

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14.4

47/

18/2

003

Unf

avou

rabl

e no

cha

nge

Gal

ley

And

War

den

Hill

sS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

40.

476/

27/2

001

Favo

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leH

ange

r Woo

dB

BB

road

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ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

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21.2

87/

16/2

001

Favo

urab

leH

ange

r Woo

dB

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

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2.83

7/16

/200

1Fa

vour

able

Hou

ghto

n R

egis

Mar

l Lak

esS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

115

.46

10/3

1/20

00Fa

vour

able

Hou

ghto

n R

egis

Mar

l Lak

esS

BS

tand

ing

open

wat

er a

nd c

anal

s2

4.66

10/3

1/20

00Fa

vour

able

Ken

swor

th C

halk

Pit

SB

Ear

th h

erita

ge1

131.

3310

/21/

1998

Favo

urab

leK

ings

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Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BD

war

f shr

ub h

eath

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wla

nd1

8.6

6/22

/200

0U

nfav

oura

ble

decl

inin

gK

ings

And

Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BD

war

f shr

ub h

eath

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wla

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6.56

6/22

/200

0U

nfav

oura

ble

decl

inin

gK

ings

And

Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd3

15.9

49/

8/20

03U

nfav

oura

ble

no c

hang

eK

ings

And

Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd4

8.16

9/8/

2003

Favo

urab

leK

ings

And

Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd5

14.2

49/

8/20

03Fa

vour

able

Kin

gs A

nd B

aker

s W

oods

And

Hea

ths

SB

Bro

adle

aved

, mix

ed a

nd y

ew w

oodl

and

- low

land

63.

716/

13/1

997

Favo

urab

le

Kin

gs A

nd B

aker

s W

oods

And

Hea

ths

SB

Neu

tral g

rass

land

- lo

wla

nd7

3.67

8/4/

2000

Favo

urab

leK

ings

And

Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BD

war

f shr

ub h

eath

- lo

wla

nd8

20.1

88/

4/20

00U

nfav

oura

ble

reco

verin

gK

ings

And

Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd9

15.1

69/

8/20

03U

nfav

oura

ble

reco

verin

gK

ings

And

Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd10

25.2

6/11

/200

4U

nfav

oura

ble

reco

verin

gK

ings

And

Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd11

20.6

77/

29/1

999

Favo

urab

leK

ings

And

Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd12

18.4

57/

29/1

999

Favo

urab

leK

ings

And

Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd13

22.6

57/

29/1

999

Favo

urab

leK

ings

And

Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd14

10.3

37/

29/1

999

Favo

urab

leK

ings

And

Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd15

11.7

67/

29/1

999

Favo

urab

leK

ings

And

Bak

ers

Woo

ds A

nd H

eath

sS

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd16

6.51

6/11

/200

4Fa

vour

able

Kin

gs W

ood

And

Gle

be M

eado

ws,

H. C

onqu

est

MB

Neu

tral g

rass

land

- lo

wla

nd1

9.43

6/9/

2004

Favo

urab

leK

ings

Woo

d A

nd G

lebe

Mea

dow

s, H

. Con

ques

tM

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd2

26.6

76/

9/20

04Fa

vour

able

Kno

ckin

g H

oeM

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

17.

9710

/6/2

004

Favo

urab

leM

arst

on T

hrift

MB

Bro

adle

aved

, mix

ed a

nd y

ew w

oodl

and

- low

land

15.

597/

24/2

003

Favo

urab

leM

arst

on T

hrift

MB

Bro

adle

aved

, mix

ed a

nd y

ew w

oodl

and

- low

land

218

.32

7/24

/200

3Fa

vour

able

Mar

ston

Thr

iftM

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd3

13.5

7/24

/200

3Fa

vour

able

Mau

lden

Chu

rch

Mea

dow

MB

Neu

tral g

rass

land

- lo

wla

nd1

4.14

6/27

/200

0U

nfav

oura

ble

reco

verin

gM

auld

en H

eath

MB

Aci

d gr

assl

and

- low

land

12.

798/

2/20

04U

nfav

oura

ble

no c

hang

eM

auld

en H

eath

MB

Aci

d gr

assl

and

- low

land

24.

778/

2/20

04U

nfav

oura

ble

no c

hang

eM

auld

en W

ood

And

Pen

nyfa

ther

's H

illM

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd1

50.6

27/

30/1

997

Favo

urab

leM

auld

en W

ood

And

Pen

nyfa

ther

's H

illM

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd2

43.8

411

/13/

1998

Favo

urab

leM

auld

en W

ood

And

Pen

nyfa

ther

's H

illM

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd3

16.5

11/1

3/19

98Fa

vour

able

Mau

lden

Woo

d A

nd P

enny

fath

er's

Hill

MB

Bro

adle

aved

, mix

ed a

nd y

ew w

oodl

and

- low

land

437

.81

1/15

/199

8Fa

vour

able

Nar

es G

ladl

ey M

arsh

SB

Neu

tral g

rass

land

- lo

wla

nd1

5.12

6/9/

1999

Favo

urab

leN

ine

Acr

es P

itS

BE

arth

her

itage

120

.72

6/17

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3U

nfav

oura

ble

no c

hang

eO

dell

Gre

at W

ood

BB

Bro

adle

aved

, mix

ed a

nd y

ew w

oodl

and

- low

land

119

.29

4/15

/200

3Fa

vour

able

Ode

ll G

reat

Woo

dB

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd2

13.1

14/

15/2

003

Unf

avou

rabl

e no

cha

nge

Ode

ll G

reat

Woo

dB

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd3

31.6

84/

15/2

003

Favo

urab

leO

dell

Gre

at W

ood

BB

Bro

adle

aved

, mix

ed a

nd y

ew w

oodl

and

- low

land

421

.62

4/15

/200

3Fa

vour

able

Pot

ton

Woo

dM

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd1

16.2

38/

1/20

02U

nfav

oura

ble

reco

verin

gP

otto

n W

ood

MB

Bro

adle

aved

, mix

ed a

nd y

ew w

oodl

and

- low

land

217

.65

7/31

/200

2Fa

vour

able

Pot

ton

Woo

dM

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd3

13.8

67/

31/2

002

Favo

urab

leP

otto

n W

ood

MB

Bro

adle

aved

, mix

ed a

nd y

ew w

oodl

and

- low

land

415

.92

7/31

/200

2Fa

vour

able

Pot

ton

Woo

dM

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd5

14.5

57/

31/2

002

Favo

urab

leP

otto

n W

ood

MB

Bro

adle

aved

, mix

ed a

nd y

ew w

oodl

and

- low

land

67.

297/

31/2

002

Favo

urab

leP

ullo

xhill

Mar

shM

BN

eutra

l gra

ssla

nd -

low

land

14.

253/

15/2

004

Unf

avou

rabl

e re

cove

ring

Pul

loxh

ill M

arsh

MB

Neu

tral g

rass

land

- lo

wla

nd2

0.83

3/15

/200

4U

nfav

oura

ble

reco

verin

gS

andy

War

ren

MB

Aci

d gr

assl

and

- low

land

17.

3512

/4/2

003

Unf

avou

rabl

e re

cove

ring

San

dy W

arre

nM

BD

war

f shr

ub h

eath

- lo

wla

nd2

9.05

8/5/

1998

Unf

avou

rabl

e re

cove

ring

Sm

ithco

mbe

, Sha

rpen

hoe

And

Sun

don

Hill

sS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

12.

776/

8/20

04U

nfav

oura

ble

no c

hang

eS

mith

com

be, S

harp

enho

e A

nd S

undo

n H

ills

SB

Cal

care

ous

gras

slan

d - l

owla

nd2

5.67

4/15

/200

4U

nfav

oura

ble

decl

inin

g

Sm

ithco

mbe

, Sha

rpen

hoe

And

Sun

don

Hill

sS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

314

.35

4/15

/200

4U

nfav

oura

ble

decl

inin

gS

mith

com

be, S

harp

enho

e A

nd S

undo

n H

ills

SB

Cal

care

ous

gras

slan

d - l

owla

nd4

21.2

74/

15/2

004

Unf

avou

rabl

e de

clin

ing

Sm

ithco

mbe

, Sha

rpen

hoe

And

Sun

don

Hill

sS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

528

.86

4/15

/200

4U

nfav

oura

ble

decl

inin

gS

mith

com

be, S

harp

enho

e A

nd S

undo

n H

ills

SB

Cal

care

ous

gras

slan

d - l

owla

nd6

13.2

16/

7/20

04U

nfav

oura

ble

no c

hang

eS

outh

ill L

ake

And

Woo

dsM

BB

road

leav

ed, m

ixed

and

yew

woo

dlan

d - l

owla

nd1

25.2

87/

30/1

998

Favo

urab

leS

tevi

ngto

n M

arsh

BB

Neu

tral g

rass

land

- lo

wla

nd1

4.63

7/1/

1999

Unf

avou

rabl

e no

cha

nge

Ste

ving

ton

Mar

shB

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

22.

857/

1/19

99U

nfav

oura

ble

decl

inin

gS

undo

n C

halk

Qua

rry

SB

Fen,

mar

sh a

nd s

wam

p1

1.49

3/18

/200

4U

nfav

oura

ble

no c

hang

eS

undo

n C

halk

Qua

rry

SB

Cal

care

ous

gras

slan

d - l

owla

nd2

24.6

83/

18/2

004

Favo

urab

leS

win

eshe

ad W

ood

BB

Bro

adle

aved

, mix

ed a

nd y

ew w

oodl

and

- low

land

19.

035/

25/1

999

Favo

urab

leS

win

eshe

ad W

ood

BB

Bro

adle

aved

, mix

ed a

nd y

ew w

oodl

and

- low

land

212

.53

5/25

/199

9Fa

vour

able

Tebw

orth

Mar

shS

BFe

n, m

arsh

and

sw

amp

15.

582/

20/2

002

Unf

avou

rabl

e re

cove

ring

Tilw

ick

Mea

dow

BB

Neu

tral g

rass

land

- lo

wla

nd1

2.56

7/9/

2001

Favo

urab

leTo

ttern

hoe

Cha

lk Q

uarr

yS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

110

.57

1/18

/200

1U

nfav

oura

ble

decl

inin

gTo

ttern

hoe

Cha

lk Q

uarr

yS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

21.

621/

14/1

998

Favo

urab

leTo

ttern

hoe

Cha

lk Q

uarr

yS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

31.

215/

31/2

000

Unf

avou

rabl

e de

clin

ing

Totte

rnho

e K

nolls

SB

Cal

care

ous

gras

slan

d - l

owla

nd1

4.6

9/29

/200

4U

nfav

oura

ble

reco

verin

gTo

ttern

hoe

Kno

llsS

BC

alca

reou

s gr

assl

and

- low

land

28.

489/

29/2

004

Favo

urab

leTo

ttern

hoe

Sto

ne P

itS

BE

arth

her

itage

12.

051/

11/2

002

Favo

urab

leW

aven

don

Hea

th P

onds

MB

Bog

s1

2.52

9/10

/200

4U

nfav

oura

ble

no c

hang

eW

aven

don

Hea

th P

onds

MB

Neu

tral g

rass

land

- lo

wla

nd2

2.21

9/6/

2004

Unf

avou

rabl

e no

cha

nge

Yel

den

Mea

dow

sB

BN

eutra

l gra

ssla

nd -

low

land

12.

7610

/17/

2002

Favo

urab

le

App

endi

x 3.

2: C

ondi

tion

of B

edfo

rdsh

ire's

Cou

nty

Wild

life

Site

sD

ata

from

mon

itorin

g ca

rrie

d ou

t in

2002

, 200

3 &

200

4*

Site

Site

Num

ber

Uni

tD

istr

ict

Are

a (h

a)D

ate

surv

eyed

Surv

eyor

Hab

itat

Con

ditio

nA

mpt

hill

Par

k18

82/4

/11

M7.

626

.6.0

2P

ILA

Unf

avou

rabl

eA

mpt

hill

Par

k18

82/4

/12

M17

26.6

.02

PI

LAU

nfav

oura

ble

Am

pthi

ll P

ark

1882

/4/1

3M

15.5

26.6

.02

PI

LAU

nfav

oura

ble

Am

pthi

ll P

ark

(Lau

rel W

ood)

1882

/4/1

4M

9.6

26.6

.02

PI

LWU

nfav

oura

ble

Asp

leyb

ury

Woo

d31

061/

11

M3

23.4

.02

PI

LWFa

vour

able

Buc

kle

Gro

ve31

006/

11

M16

8.5.

02P

ILW

Favo

urab

leC

ainh

oepa

rk W

ood

3107

0/3

1M

3.7

25.4

.02

PI

LWFa

vour

able

Cai

nhoe

park

Woo

d31

070/

32

M4.

425

.4.0

2P

ILW

Favo

urab

leC

ainh

oepa

rk W

ood

3107

0/3

3M

0.5

25.4

.02

PI

LWFa

vour

able

Flitw

ick

Woo

d17

89/2

1M

24.5

10.5

.02

PI

LWFa

vour

able

Hol

cot W

ood

3056

0/1

1M

22.7

15.5

.02

PI

LWFa

vour

able

Lark

Hill

3101

8/1/

11

M0.

81.

7.02

PI

LNFa

vour

able

Mar

ston

Thr

ift n

on-S

SS

I30

580/

121

M18

.716

.5.0

2P

ILW

Unf

avou

rabl

eM

arst

on T

hrift

spi

nnie

s30

580/

121

M3.

79.

5.02

PI

LWFa

vour

able

Mar

ston

Thr

ift s

pinn

ies

3058

0/12

2M

1.4

9.5.

02P

ILW

Favo

urab

leM

arst

on T

hrift

spi

nnie

s30

580/

123

M0.

69.

5.02

PI

LWFa

vour

able

Mau

lden

hea

th &

gra

ssla

nds

3100

8/6

1M

8.3

28.6

.02/

1.7.

02P

ILA

Unf

avou

rabl

eM

auld

en h

eath

& g

rass

land

s31

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63

M0.

928

.6.0

2/1.

7.02

PI

LNU

nfav

oura

ble

Mau

lden

hea

th &

gra

ssla

nds

3100

8/6

4M

4.6

28.6

.02/

1.7.

02P

ILN

Unf

avou

rabl

eM

auld

en h

eath

& g

rass

land

s31

008/

66

M2.

528

.6.0

2/1.

7.02

PI

LNU

nfav

oura

ble

Mau

lden

hea

th &

gra

ssla

nds

3100

8/6

7M

4.5

28.6

.02/

1.7.

02P

ILA

Favo

urab

leM

auld

en h

eath

& g

rass

land

s31

008/

68

M2.

228

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2/1.

7.02

PI

LAFa

vour

able

Mea

dhoo

k W

ood

3100

21

M2.

53.

5.02

PI

LWFa

vour

able

Por

tobe

llo W

ood

3100

0/1

1M

2.9

3.5.

02P

ILW

Favo

urab

leS

alfo

rd W

ood

3064

91

M1

9.5.

02P

ILW

Favo

urab

leS

imps

onhi

ll P

lant

atio

n31

010/

51

M14

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.5.0

2P

ILW

Unf

avou

rabl

eS

peed

sdai

ry W

ood

3107

11

M3.

424

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2P

ILW

Unf

avou

rabl

eS

tepp

ingl

ey H

ospi

tal G

roun

ds18

70/1

1M

0.8

10.5

.02

PI

LNU

nfav

oura

ble

Tem

ple

Gro

ve31

072/

21

M2.

124

.4.0

2P

ILW

Unf

avou

rabl

eTi

ngle

y Fi

eld

Pla

ntat

ion

3106

6/1

1M

7.8

11.6

.02

PI

LWFa

vour

able

War

ren

Woo

d31

010/

71

M26

2.5.

02P

ILW

Favo

urab

leW

ater

gate

Mea

dow

, Teb

wor

th30

304/

11

M1.

64.

7.02

PI

LNFa

vour

able

Asp

ley

Gui

se M

eado

ws

431

M1.

316

.9.0

3P

ILN

Unf

avou

rabl

eA

mpt

hill

Cem

eter

y20

11

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416

.9.0

3P

ILA

Unf

avou

rabl

e

Am

pthi

ll C

uttin

g19

91

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116

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3P

ILN

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avou

rabl

eA

mpt

hill

Kno

ll20

11

M0.

916

.9.0

3P

ILA

Unf

avou

rabl

eD

uck

End

191

1M

1.6

22.7

.03

PI

LNU

nfav

oura

ble

Duc

k E

nd19

12

M1.

722

.7.0

3P

ILA

Unf

avou

rabl

eH

eath

Mea

dow

(Ouz

el V

alle

y)11

1S

2.3

5.6.

03P

ILA

Unf

avou

rabl

eLi

nsla

de W

ood

91

S5.

520

.5.0

3P

ILW

Unf

avou

rabl

eN

orth

ley

Farm

Mea

dow

s31

41

M1.

619

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3P

ILN

Unf

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dow

s (O

uzel

Val

ley)

111

S14

17.6

.03

PI

LNU

nfav

oura

ble

Pul

loxh

ill N

orth

Mar

sh18

01

M0.

817

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3P

IF

Unf

avou

rabl

eP

ullo

xhill

Sou

th G

rass

land

s17

91

M8.

417

.9.0

3P

ILN

Unf

avou

rabl

eP

ullo

xhill

Sou

th G

rass

land

s17

92

M2.

417

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ILN

Unf

avou

rabl

eR

eads

hill

Gra

ssla

nd18

41

M0.

317

.9.0

3P

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Unf

avou

rabl

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andh

ouse

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(Dou

ble

Arc

hes)

181

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24.6

.03

PI

LNU

nfav

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ble

San

dhou

se P

it (D

oubl

e A

rche

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2S

0.8

24.6

.03

PI

LCFa

vour

able

Shi

lling

ton

Chu

rchy

ard

294

1M

1.2

19.9

.03

PI

LNFa

vour

able

Shi

lling

ton

Mea

dow

292

1M

1.9

19.9

.03

PI

LNU

nfav

oura

ble

Sto

ckgr

ove

Cou

ntry

Par

k16

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1S

10.5

11.6

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12.6

.03

PI

LAU

nfav

oura

ble

Sto

ckgr

ove

Cou

ntry

Par

k16

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0.5

11.6

.03/

12.6

.03

PI

LAFa

vour

able

Tidd

enfo

ot P

ark

51

S4

12.6

.03

PI

LAFa

vour

able

Wav

endo

n H

eath

Ful

lers

Ear

th Q

uarr

y39

1M

1025

.6.0

3P

ILA

Unf

avou

rabl

eA

stey

Woo

d61

1B

8.8

20.5

.04

PI

LWFa

vour

able

Bow

els

Woo

d23

01

B8.

322

.6.0

4R

LLW

Favo

urab

leH

ow W

ood

851

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220

.5.0

4P

ILW

Favo

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mbe

rt's

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nney

601

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124

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4P

ILW

Favo

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er's

Woo

d23

11

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629

.7.0

4R

LLW

Favo

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leP

ippi

n W

ood

259

1B

4.7

7.9.

04R

LLW

Favo

urab

leR

anso

m's

Woo

d63

1B

2.1

24.5

.04

PI

LWFa

vour

able

Sal

em T

hrift

861

B8.

214

.6.0

4R

LLW

Favo

urab

leS

heer

hatc

h W

ood

332

1B

7118

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4R

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Favo

urab

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shen

Gro

ve12

21

S3.

71.

6.04

SH

LWFa

vour

able

Bad

gerd

ell W

ood

150

1S

10.6

7.5.

04P

ILW

Favo

urab

leC

astle

crof

t Woo

d13

91

S3.

99.

6.04

SH

LWFa

vour

able

Chi

ltern

Gre

en27

61

S2.

812

.7.0

4P

ILN

Unf

avou

rabl

eFo

lly W

ood

132

1S

4.2

7.5.

04P

ILW

Favo

urab

leG

eorg

e W

ood,

Stre

atle

y16

51

S5.

26.

5.04

PI

LWU

nfav

oura

ble

Gre

encr

oft W

ood

114

1S

3.9

1.6.

04S

HLW

Favo

urab

leLi

ttle

John

's/D

ame

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n's

Woo

ds13

71

S3.

79.

6.04

SH

LWFa

vour

able

Long

Gro

ve12

31

S3

25.6

.04

SH

LWFa

vour

able

Sal

low

sprin

gs W

ood

120

1S

2.1

30.6

.04/

16.7

.04

SH

LWFa

vour

able

Ski

mpo

t Woo

d14

01

S2.

58.

6.04

SH

LWFa

vour

able

Sta

nbrid

ge M

eado

ws

291

S4.

110

.6.0

4P

ILN

Favo

urab

leS

tann

ers

Woo

d14

11

S3.

248.

6.04

SH

LWFa

vour

able

Sun

don

Woo

d16

21

S5.

45.

5.04

PI

LWFa

vour

able

Thor

n S

prin

g13

51

S3.

93.

6.04

PI

LWU

nfav

oura

ble

Blu

e La

goon

305

1M

528

.7.0

4R

LLC

Favo

urab

leB

lunh

am D

isus

ed R

ailw

ay34

81

M5.

23.

9.04

RL

LNU

nfav

oura

ble

Bro

adla

nds

298

1M

313

.5.0

4P

ILW

Favo

urab

leB

ury

Farm

, HC

(Kin

g's

Woo

d &

gra

ssla

nd)

229

1M

465.

7.04

PI

LNU

nfav

oura

ble

Chi

cksa

nds

Aer

ial S

ite (c

gra

ssla

nd)

290

1M

1613

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4P

ILN

Favo

urab

leC

ocka

yne

Hat

ley

Woo

d37

31

M40

16.6

.04

RL

LWFa

vour

able

Eve

rton

Chu

rchy

ard

374

1M

0.5

21.7

.04

RL

LNU

nfav

oura

ble

Flitt

on M

oor

204

1M

2.7

9.6.

04P

ILN

Unf

avou

rabl

eFl

itton

Moo

r20

42

M0.

59.

6.04

PI

FU

nfav

oura

ble

Gra

nge

Mea

dow

, Hay

nes

225

1M

529

.6.0

4P

ILN

Unf

avou

rabl

eG

rang

e M

eado

w, H

ayne

s22

52

M5

29.6

.04

PI

LNU

nfav

oura

ble

Gra

nge

Mea

dow

, Hay

nes

225

3M

729

.6.0

4P

ILN

Unf

avou

rabl

eH

ayne

s C

hurc

h E

nd M

arsh

220

1M

3.5

4.6.

04P

IF

Des

troye

dLo

wer

Ald

ers

303

1M

5.1

2.6.

04P

ILW

Favo

urab

leM

onta

gue

Woo

d18

61

M6

10.5

.04

PI

LWFa

vour

able

Moo

rs P

lant

atio

n19

61

M2.

328

.5.0

4P

ILW

Favo

urab

leN

unsw

ood

304

1M

2.9

17.6

.04

RL

LWFa

vour

able

Pal

mer

s W

ood

327

1M

6126

.5.0

4R

LLW

Favo

urab

leP

atem

ans

Woo

d29

71

M5.

913

.5.0

4P

ILW

Favo

urab

leP

enny

fath

ers

Moo

rs &

Gra

ssla

nds

187

1M

7.5

2.6.

04P

ILW

Favo

urab

leP

enny

fath

ers

Moo

rs &

Gra

ssla

nds

187

2M

2.4

2.7.

04P

IF

Unf

avou

rabl

eP

enny

fath

ers

Moo

rs &

Gra

ssla

nds

187

3M

22.

7.04

PI

FU

nfav

oura

ble

Pen

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ith S

tudh

am P

C &

NC

Top

en a

cces

s

App

endi

x 4.

1: S

ites

with

pub

lic a

cces

s m

anag

ed fo

r nat

ure

cons

erva

tion

in B

edfo

rdsh

ire -

as a

t Jan

200

5

Whi

psna

de H

eath

TL 0

1718

2S

B23

.6C

WS

owne

d by

SB

DC

& B

CC

, man

aged

with

NT

& N

CT

open

acc

ess

San

dhou

se P

itS

P 9

3629

8S

B4

CW

Sow

ned

by L

afar

ge, m

anag

ed b

y G

ST

perm

issi

ve a

cces

sB

lueb

ell (

Lins

lade

) Woo

dS

P 9

0726

3S

B5.

5C

WS

owne

d by

BC

C, m

anag

ed b

y G

ST

open

acc

ess

Ouz

el M

eado

ws

(incl

. Vim

y R

d)S

P 9

1926

3S

B15

CW

Sow

ned

by L

LTC

& m

anag

ed b

y G

ST

open

acc

ess

Hea

th W

ood

& M

eado

wS

P 9

1227

4S

B11

.6C

WS

owne

d by

SB

DC

, man

aged

with

GS

Top

en a

cces

sLa

ncot

Mea

dow

TL 0

0321

7S

B2.

07C

WS

man

aged

by

the

Wild

life

Trus

top

en a

cces

sC

otta

ge B

otto

m F

ield

TL 0

4020

6S

B15

LNR

/CW

Sow

ned

& m

anag

ed b

y B

eds

CC

open

acc

ess

Gal

ley

& W

arde

n H

ills

TL 0

9226

5S

B52

LNR

/SS

SI

owne

d &

man

aged

by

LBC

open

acc

ess

Totte

rnho

e K

nolls

SP

979

220

SB

13.7

LNR

/SS

SI/C

WS

owne

d by

BC

C, m

anag

ed b

y N

atio

nal T

rust

& W

ildlif

e Tr

ust

open

acc

ess

Dro

psho

rt M

arsh

TL 0

0727

6S

B2

SS

SI

owne

d &

man

aged

by

Wild

life

Trus

top

en a

cces

sD

unst

able

Dow

nsTL

197

204

SB

52.6

SS

SI

owne

d by

BC

C, m

anag

ed b

y N

Top

en a

cces

sW

hips

nade

Dow

nsTL

001

190

SB

34S

SS

Iow

ned

& m

anag

ed b

y N

Top

en a

cces

sS

mith

com

be H

ills

TL 0

7329

5S

B17

.59

SS

SI

owne

d by

BC

C, m

anag

ed b

y N

atio

nal T

rust

open

acc

ess

Sun

don

Hill

s C

PTL

055

290

SB

49.8

7S

SS

Iow

ned

by B

CC

, man

aged

by

Nat

iona

l Tru

stop

en a

cces

sTo

ttern

hoe

Qua

rry

SP

985

225

SB

8.51

SS

SI

owne

d &

man

aged

by

the

Wild

life

Trus

top

en a

cces

sB

low

s D

owns

TL 0

3321

6S

B46

.36

SS

SI/C

WS

owne

d &

man

aged

by

Wild

life

Trus

top

en a

cces

sS

tock

grov

e C

P

SP

918

291

SB

26S

SS

I/CW

Sow

ned

by B

CC

, man

aged

by

GS

Top

en a

cces

sK

ing'

s W

ood,

Hea

th &

Rea

chS

P 9

3229

8S

B63

.5S

SS

I/NN

Row

ned

& m

anag

ed b

y La

farg

e, W

ildlif

e Tr

ust,

BC

C &

GS

Tpe

rmis

sive

acc

ess

Bar

ton

Hill

sTL

090

298

SB

44S

SS

I/NN

Row

ned

& m

anag

ed b

y E

nglis

h N

atur

eop

en a

cces

sS

allo

wsp

rings

TL 0

0618

6S

B1.

2ow

ned

& m

anag

ed b

y W

ildlif

e Tr

ust

open

acc

ess

Hou

ghto

n H

all P

ark

TL 0

2523

5S

B17

.5ow

ned

by S

BD

C &

HR

TC, m

anag

ed b

y N

CT

open

acc

ess

Whi

psna

de G

reen

TL 0

1717

7S

B15

owne

d by

SB

DC

, man

aged

with

NT,

NC

T &

Zoo

open

acc

ess

Lins

lade

Com

mun

ity W

oodl

and

SP

905

260

SB

32ow

ned

& m

anag

ed b

y Le

ake

Fam

ily T

rust

acce

ss a

s lo

ng a

s sc

hem

e la

sts

Sha

rpen

hoe

Cla

pper

sTL

067

303

SB

29ow

ned

& m

anag

ed b

y N

atio

nal T

rust

open

acc

ess

Mol

eski

nTL

063

297

SB

45ow

ned

& m

anag

ed b

y N

atio

nal T

rust

open

acc

ess

Kno

lls W

ood

SP

921

270

SB

5.3

owne

d by

SB

DC

, man

aged

with

GS

Top

en a

cces

sC

hew

s C

harit

y Fa

rm, D

unst

able

TL 0

0023

2S

B4.

04C

SS

agr

eem

ent

perm

issi

ve a

cces

s (e

xpire

s 20

12)

Hea

th &

Rea

ch P

oors

Lan

dS

P 9

1928

2S

B3

CS

S a

gree

men

t pe

rmis

sive

acc

ess

(exp

ires

2009

)

App

endi

x 4.

1: S

ites

with

pub

lic a

cces

s m

anag

ed fo

r nat

ure

cons

erva

tion

in B

edfo

rdsh

ire -

as a

t Jan

200

5

App

endi

x 4.

2:

Det

ails

for B

edfo

rdsh

ire d

istr

icts

, the

Eas

t of E

ngla

nd a

nd E

ngla

nd

from

The

Woo

dlan

d Tr

ust (

2004

) ‘Sp

ace

for P

eopl

e: T

arge

tting

act

ion

for w

oodl

and

acce

ss’

The

Woo

dlan

d Tr

ust A

cces

s S

tand

ard

aspi

res

• th

at n

o pe

rson

sho

uld

live

mor

e th

an 5

00m

from

at l

east

one

are

a of

acc

essi

ble

woo

dlan

d of

no

less

than

2ha

in s

ize

• th

at th

ere

shou

ld a

lso

be a

t lea

st o

ne a

rea

of a

cces

sibl

e w

oodl

and

of n

o le

ss th

an 2

0ha

with

in 4

km (8

km ro

und

trip)

of p

eopl

e’s

hom

es

Eng

land

E

ast o

f Eng

land

B

edfo

rdsh

ire

Luto

n B

eds

Bor

ough

M

id B

eds

Sou

th B

eds

% p

opul

atio

n w

ith a

cces

s to

2h

a+ w

ood

with

in 5

00m

10.1

8 8.

49

5.19

6.

51

3.61

8.

97

3.22

Accessible woods

% p

opul

atio

n w

ith a

cces

s to

a

20ha

+ w

ood

with

in 4

km

55.1

8

44

.24

43.5

30

8.73

75.2

455

.25

% e

xtra

pop

ulat

ion

with

ac

cess

to a

2ha

+ w

ood

with

in 5

00m

if e

xist

ing

woo

ds o

pene

d

26.0

8

27

.48

22.5

924

.51

16.0

527

.73

25.6

6

Inaccessible woods

% e

xtra

pop

ulat

ion

with

ac

cess

to a

20h

a+ w

ood

w

ithin

4km

if e

xist

ing

woo

ds

open

ed

26.7

4

37

.55

25.7

480

.80

32.5

013

.41

30.0

8

% p

opul

atio

n re

quiri

ng n

ew

woo

dlan

d fo

r acc

ess

to a

2h

a+ w

ood

with

in 5

00m

63.7

4

64

.03

72.2

268

.98

80.3

463

.30

71.1

2

% p

opul

atio

n re

quiri

ng n

ew

woo

dlan

d fo

r acc

ess

to a

20

ha+

woo

d w

ithin

4km

18.0

8

18

.21

30.7

219

.20

58.7

711

.34

14.6

7

Min

imum

are

a of

new

w

oodl

and

requ

ired

for 2

ha+

woo

ds w

ithin

500

m (h

a)

48,6

83

7,35

259

077

195

275

119

Woodland creation

Min

imum

are

a of

new

w

oodl

and

requ

ired

for

20ha

+ w

oods

with

in 4

km

(ha)

15,3

92

3,25

416

320

6340

80