the nature of learners language
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
THE NATURE OF LEARNER LANGUAGE
Nuri Fajarwati (2201410021)
The Nature of Learner Language Page 2
Error and Error Analysis
Reasons for focusing on error:
To know the causes of learners‘ error It‘s useful for teacher to know what errors learners
make Making errors may help learners to learn
Steps in Analysing Learners Errors
1. Identifying
2. Describing
3. Explaining
4. Evaluating
The Nature of Learner Language Page 3
Error and Error Analysis
comparison of sentences produced by the learners with the correct sentences in the target language
distinction: error & mistake
> error reflects gaps in a learner‘s knowledge
> mistake reflects occasional lapses in performance
The Nature of Learner Language Page 4
Error and Error Analysis
1. Identifying Errors
How to distinguish errors and mistakes
checking the consistency of learners’ performance
asking learners to try to correct their own deviant utterances
The Nature of Learner Language Page 5
Error and Error Analysis
Classification into types (two ways)
classifying into grammatical categories
trying to identify general ways in which the learners utterances differ from target-language utterances
- omission : leaving out items which are required for grammatical correctness
- misinformation: use of one grammatical form instead of another
- misordering : putting words in a wrong order
The Nature of Learner Language Page 6
Error and Error Analysis
2. Describing Errors
The Nature of Learner Language Page 7
Systematic Errors
L2 learners create rules on their own, different to the rules of the target language
Universal Errors
L2 learners commit the same grammatical errors
Error and Error Analysis
3. Explaining Errors
The Nature of Learner Language Page 8
Overgeneralized Errors
L2 learners overgeneralize form that they find easy to learn and process
Transfer Errors
L2 learners attempt to make use of their L1 knowledge
Error and Error Analysis
Purpose: to help learners to learn an L2.
Global errors (violate the overall structure of a sentence)
Local error (affect only a single constituent in a sentence)
The Nature of Learner Language Page 9
Error and Error Analysis
4. Errors Evaluation
The Nature of Learner Language Page 10
Developmental Pattern
The Early Stages of L2 Acquisition
Silent period
formulaic chunks use of fix expressions propositional simplification
The Nature of Learner Language Page 11
Developmental Pattern
The Order of Acquisition
Accuracy order
> collect samples of learner language and identify how accurately each future is used by different learners
The Nature of Learner Language Page 12
Developmental Pattern
Sequence of Acquisition
Transitional construction
> a process of a particular grammatical structure acquisition
U-shaped course of development Restructuring
The Nature of Learner Language Page 13
Developmental Pattern
Some Implications
The conclusions from the study of learner errors
(L2 acquisition) systematic universal
reflecting ways in which: internal cognitive mechanism acquisition irrespective of the personal background of learners the setting in which they learn
The Nature of Learner Language Page 14
A key question for both SLA and language teaching is whether the orders
and sequences of acquisition can be altered through informal instruction.
Developmental Pattern
Variability in Learner Language
1. Linguistic context
The use of one form in one context while in other contexts learners use alternate forms.
The involvement of the crucial element in the linguistic to some other constituent of the utterance.
The effect: one linguistic form can trigger the use of another form.
The use of one form in one context while in other contexts learners use alternate forms.
The involvement of the crucial element in the linguistic to some other constituent of the utterance.
The effect: one linguistic form can trigger the use of another form.
1. Linguistic context
The Nature of Learner Language Page 15
Variability in Learner Language
1. Linguistic context
The use of one form in one context while in other contexts learners use alternate forms.
The involvement of the crucial element in the linguistic to some other constituent of the utterance.
The effect: one linguistic form can trigger the use of another form.
Learners are no different from native speakers
2. Situational context
The Nature of Learner Language Page 16
3. Psycholinguistics context
Learners could plan their production.
Variability in Learner Language
Form-function mappings
Free variation
Fossilization
The Nature of Learner Language Page 17
The Nature of Learners Language Page 18
Thank you.