The Neck

Xiaoming Zhang

Department of Human Anatomy School of Medicine Zhejiang University

I Introduction

II Boundaries and Division

Neck : by trapezius

The posterior portion: nape

The anterior portion: the side of the neckThe anterior portion : by Sternocleidomastoid

anterior region

posterior region

sternocleidomastoid region

Superficial Part Of Neck

I Skin

II Superficial fascia and platysma

III Superficial structures

1. Anterior jugular vein

External jugular vein

2. Superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes

3. The cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus:

The surface Landmarks:

hyoid bone thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage jugular notch sternocleidomastoid greater supraclavicular fossa clavicle

The surface Landmarks:

hyoid bone thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage jugular notch sternocleidomastoid greater supraclavicular fossa clavicle

Deep Part Of Neck I FasciaThree layers: Superficial layer－ enveloping fasciaMiddle layer － pretracheal fascia(visce

ral fascia)Deep layer － prevertebral fascia

The submandibular triangleThe boundaries: ---the inferior border of the mandible ---the anterior, posterior bellies of the digastric ---superficially ： the skin; superficial fascia; platysma ; superficial layer of the cervical fascia;

---deeply ： mylohyoid hyoglossus middle constrictor of the pharynx

The submandibular triangleThe boundaries: ---the inferior border of the mandible ---the anterior, posterior bellies of the digastric ---superficially ： the skin; superficial fascia; platysma ; superficial layer of the cervical fascia;

---deeply ： mylohyoid hyoglossus middle constrictor of the pharynx

The contents:---submandibular gland and its duct---submandibular lymph nodes---facial artery and vein ---hypoglossal nerve---lingual artery and vein ---lingual nerve

The contents:---submandibular gland and its duct---submandibular lymph nodes---facial artery and vein ---hypoglossal nerve---lingual artery and vein ---lingual nerve

The submandibular triangleThe submandibular triangle

Carotid TriangleBoundariesContents

1 Internal jugular V. 2 The common carotid A. External carotid artery : Superior thyroid A. Lingual A. Facial A. Occipital A. Posterior auricular A.

3 Hypoglossal N.

4 Vagus N.—superior laryngeal N.

internal laryngeal N.

external laryngeal N.

III The Muscular Triangle

Layers

1.The skin

2.The superficial fascia and platysma

3.The superficial structure

－ Anterior jugular vein

－ Transverse cervical nerve

4.Enveloping fascia

5.The infrahyoid muscles:

III The Muscular Triangle

6 Pretracheal fascia

7 The thyroid gland

8 The Parathyroid

glands

9 The cervical part

of trachea and

esophagus

IV The sternocleidomastoid region 1 The ansa cervicalis 2 The contents of carotid sheath common carotid artery internal jugular V. vagus N. 3 The cervical plexus: five cutaneous branches, phrenic N. 4 The sympathetic trunk of the neck

Ansa cervicalis

The thyroid gland:• The shape: “H” shaped, right and left lobes, isthmus.

somebody have a pyramidal lobe.

The thyroid gland:• The shape: “H” shaped, right and left lobes, isthmus.

somebody have a pyramidal lobe.

• Location : --- lateral lobes: --- isthmus ：

• Location : --- lateral lobes: --- isthmus ：

• Relations: ----Anteriorly: skin superficial fascia enveloping fascia infrahyoid muscles pretracheal fascia

----Posteromedially : larynx and trachea pharynx and esophagus recurrent laryngeal nerve ----Posteriorly: parathyroid gland Sympathetic trunk ----Posterolaterally: carotid sheath and its contents

• Relations: ----Anteriorly: skin superficial fascia enveloping fascia infrahyoid muscles pretracheal fascia

----Posteromedially : larynx and trachea pharynx and esophagus recurrent laryngeal nerve ----Posteriorly: parathyroid gland Sympathetic trunk ----Posterolaterally: carotid sheath and its contents

The thyroid gland:The thyroid gland:

•The coverings: ----The false capsule suspensory ligament of thyroid gland ----The true capsule （真被囊）

•The coverings: ----The false capsule suspensory ligament of thyroid gland ----The true capsule （真被囊）

The thyroid gland:The thyroid gland:

• The blood vessels and nerves ---- A: 1. superior thyroid artery and superior laryngeal nerve

2. inferior thyroid artery & recurrent laryngeal nerve

3. lowest thyroid artery (the arteria thyroidea ima)

• The blood vessels and nerves ---- A: 1. superior thyroid artery and superior laryngeal nerve

2. inferior thyroid artery & recurrent laryngeal nerve

3. lowest thyroid artery (the arteria thyroidea ima)

The thyroid gland:The thyroid gland:

The thyroid gland:The thyroid gland:• The blood vessels and nerves: ---- V: 1. superior thyroid vein

2. middle thyroid vein 3. inferior thyroid vein and the unpaired thyroid venous plexus. ------Nrecurrent laryngeal nerve superior laryngeal nerve

• The blood vessels and nerves: ---- V: 1. superior thyroid vein

2. middle thyroid vein 3. inferior thyroid vein and the unpaired thyroid venous plexus. ------Nrecurrent laryngeal nerve superior laryngeal nerve

SummaryThe Boundaries and Division of the ne

ck. The superficial structures of neck The deep part of neck The carotid triangle. The muscular triangle. The sternocleidomastoid region.