THE NEW FRONTIERTHE NEW FRONTIER

CHAPTER 28, SECTION2CHAPTER 28, SECTION2

MAJOR DATESMAJOR DATES Nov., 1960: John F. Kennedy Elected Nov., 1960: John F. Kennedy Elected

President President April, 1961: April, 1961: Yuri GagarinYuri Gagarin is first is first

human in human in spacespace

May, 1961: May, 1961: Alan ShepardAlan Shepard is first is first American in space American in space

Feb., 1962: Feb., 1962: John GlennJohn Glenn is first is first American to orbit Earth American to orbit Earth

Nov. 22, 1963: John F. KennedyNov. 22, 1963: John F. Kennedy assassinated in Dallas assassinated in Dallas

July 29, 1969:July 29, 1969: U.S. astronauts land / U.S. astronauts land / walk walk on Moon on Moon

KENNEDY’S IMAGEKENNEDY’S IMAGE JFK & family are very popular JFK & family are very popular

w/mass media and the public; w/mass media and the public; WHY?WHY?– JFK’s appearance / youthfulness JFK’s appearance / youthfulness

appealed to publicappealed to public– JFK’s public speaking abilityJFK’s public speaking ability– JFK’s sense of humorJFK’s sense of humor– JFK’s wife, Jacqueline, encouraged JFK’s wife, Jacqueline, encouraged

artistic style and decoration in White artistic style and decoration in White HouseHouse

– JFK & White House staff used TV JFK & White House staff used TV to create attractive public imageto create attractive public image

JKF’s Innauguration JKF’s Innauguration 19601960

JFK, JFK, 19619633

JAQUELINE JAQUELINE BOUVIER BOUVIER KENNEDYKENNEDY

JFK & LBJ in the Oval JFK & LBJ in the Oval OfficeOffice

KENNEDY’S IMAGE KENNEDY’S IMAGE WHY ELSE DID PEOPLE LIKE JFK?WHY ELSE DID PEOPLE LIKE JFK?

– JFK’s Administration was filled w/energetic, JFK’s Administration was filled w/energetic, youthful officialsyouthful officials

Examples? Examples? Robert McNamaraRobert McNamara, , Sec. of DefenseSec. of Defense– JFK’s enthusiasm & pledge to improve the JFK’s enthusiasm & pledge to improve the

U.S.U.S.– ““The New FrontierThe New Frontier”” : :

Define: JFK’s legislative agenda / program to Define: JFK’s legislative agenda / program to improve America (see p. 838)improve America (see p. 838)

What areas of American life did JFK want to What areas of American life did JFK want to improve?improve?

– Poverty / Civil RightsPoverty / Civil Rights– Economy / UnemploymentEconomy / Unemployment– The Space Race vs. SovietsThe Space Race vs. Soviets– Relations w/ foreign nationsRelations w/ foreign nations

Results?Results?– N.A.S.A.N.A.S.A. created created– PEACE CORPSPEACE CORPS created created– ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS createdALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS created

– So What? So What? JFK is trying to stimulate major changes in AmericaJFK is trying to stimulate major changes in America

THE SPACE RACETHE SPACE RACE Origin: Origin:

– 1957: Soviets launch1957: Soviets launch Sputnik ISputnik I– April, 1961: April, 1961: Yuri GagarinYuri Gagarin orbits earth orbits earth– U.S. fears Soviets will have space U.S. fears Soviets will have space

weapons capabilityweapons capability U.S. response: U.S. response:

– N.A.S.A.N.A.S.A. created ; Define created ; Define– JFK pledges major resources to NASAJFK pledges major resources to NASA– JFK pledges U.S. commitment to Moon JFK pledges U.S. commitment to Moon

landinglanding

(The (The “New Frontier”“New Frontier” concept is concept is promoted)promoted)

Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, USSRUSSR

YURI GAGARIN’s YURI GAGARIN’s FLIGHTFLIGHT

THE SPACE RACE THE SPACE RACE (Cont’d.) (Cont’d.)

Results?:Results?:– U.S. Gov’t. approves large $ for NASAU.S. Gov’t. approves large $ for NASA– Cape Canaveral, FLA launch center builtCape Canaveral, FLA launch center built– Houston, TX mission control center builtHouston, TX mission control center built– Other nation-wide facilities built (see Other nation-wide facilities built (see

graph, p. 840)graph, p. 840) Final Results?Final Results?

– 1961: 1961: Alan ShepardAlan Shepard reaches space reaches space– 1962: 1962: John GlennJohn Glenn orbits earth orbits earth– July, 1969: July, 1969: Apollo 11Apollo 11 crew make Moon crew make Moon

landinglanding

Astronaut Astronaut

Alan Shepard,Alan Shepard,

U.S. NavyU.S. Navy

Astronaut John Glenn, U.S.M.CAstronaut John Glenn, U.S.M.C..

Apollo 11 Launch, July Apollo 11 Launch, July 19691969

““That’s One That’s One SmallSmall

Step for a Man, Step for a Man,

One Giant Leap One Giant Leap for Mankind.”for Mankind.”

Neil Armstrong,Neil Armstrong,

July 20, 1969July 20, 1969

NEW YORK NEW YORK TIMES TIMES HEADLINE, HEADLINE, JULY 21, JULY 21, 19691969

LUNAR LUNAR LANDING LANDING SITES, SITES, U.S. U.S. APOLLO APOLLO MISSIONMISSIONSS

Lunar Lunar FootprinFootprintt

Lunar Module Liftoff from Lunar Module Liftoff from MoonMoon

ASSASSINATIONASSASSINATION When? November 22, 1963When? November 22, 1963 Where? Dallas, TXWhere? Dallas, TX Why there? JFK was making trip to build Why there? JFK was making trip to build

support w/Texas Democratssupport w/Texas Democrats Who killed JFK?Who killed JFK?

– Lee Harvey OswaldLee Harvey Oswald: Arrested & charged : Arrested & charged w/assassinationw/assassination

– Where?Where? Texas School Book DepositoryTexas School Book Depository Bldg, Dallas Bldg, Dallas JFK shot in Dealey PlazaJFK shot in Dealey Plaza

– Oswald murdered by Oswald murdered by Jack RubyJack Ruby, Nov. 24, , Nov. 24, 19631963

Other theories?Other theories?– MafiaMafia– Anti-Castro CubansAnti-Castro Cubans– Oswald conspired w/other, unknown Oswald conspired w/other, unknown

personspersons

JFK in DALLAS, Nov. 22, JFK in DALLAS, Nov. 22, 19631963

DEALEY PLAZA, DALLAS, DEALEY PLAZA, DALLAS, TX.TX.

JFK AFTER 1JFK AFTER 1stst SHOT SHOT

Jackie Kennedy, LBJ, & Lady Bird Johnson on board Air Force One after the Jackie Kennedy, LBJ, & Lady Bird Johnson on board Air Force One after the assassinationassassination

LBJ TAKES PRESIDENTIAL OATH ON BOARD AIR FORCE ONE, NOV. 22, LBJ TAKES PRESIDENTIAL OATH ON BOARD AIR FORCE ONE, NOV. 22, 19641964

LEE HARVEY OSWALDLEE HARVEY OSWALD

JACK RUBY SHOOTSJACK RUBY SHOOTS

LEE HARVEY OSWALD,LEE HARVEY OSWALD,

DALLAS, TEXASDALLAS, TEXAS

JACK RUBYJACK RUBYSHOOTSSHOOTSLEE HARVEYLEE HARVEYOSWALD,OSWALD,NOV. 24,NOV. 24,19631963

THE WARREN THE WARREN COMMISSIONCOMMISSION What? U.S. Gov’t. committee What? U.S. Gov’t. committee

created to investigate JFK’s murdercreated to investigate JFK’s murder When? 1963-64When? 1963-64 Who? Led by Chief Justice Who? Led by Chief Justice Earl Earl

WarrenWarren Decision?Decision?

– Oswald was lone assassinOswald was lone assassin– JFK killed by single bulletJFK killed by single bullet

((The “Magic Bullet” TheoryThe “Magic Bullet” Theory))

THE MAGIC BULLET THE MAGIC BULLET THEORYTHEORY