the new green scene: material health & ingredient … new green scene: material health &...

RCMA, July 19, 2016, Philadelphia, PA 7/25/2016

1

The New Green Scene: Material Health & Ingredient Disclosure

Lorraine RossIntech Consulting Inc.July 19, 2016

Learning Objectives

1. Identify current and emerging green rating systems that include material health and ingredient disclosure options.

2. Understand the basis for material health and metrics by various rating tools.

3. Describe the pros and cons of ingredient disclosure tools in various rating systems.


2

The Evolving Green Scene

Life Cycle Assessment: What is the life cycle environmental impact of your product?

Environmental Product Declarations(EPD)

Single AttributesRecycled Content, Biobased, VOCs, Recyclability

EPDs as a decision making toolHow do you compare to your competitors?

Supply Chain Transparency: Where and how do you get your raw materials?

Chemical Hazard Assessment: What is in your product, and is any of it hazardous?

Market Demand Pull: LEED v4 Accelerating Green Business Trends

1.Major expansion into potential material health impacts

2.Harnessing the power of transparency

3.Using LCA as a product differentiator

4.Responsible sourcing of (all) raw materials

5.Hazard-based ingredients reporting

NOTE: LEED credits are optional, but products that contribute to more of the new LEED credits are more likely to gain favor with building designers and owners.


3

Green Rating Systems Incorporating Product Transparency/Material Health Impacts

LEED v4: Material and Resources Credits

MR C2: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - EPDs

• Option 1: Environmental Product Declarations (1 point)– Industry-wide (generic) EPD --one half (1/2) of a product

– Product-specific Type III EPD – full credit

• Option 2. Multi-attribute optimization (1 point) – Products that demonstrate impact reduction below industry average in at least three of the following categories

• global warming potential ,depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer; acidification of land and water sources; Eutrophication, in; and depletion of

nonrenewable energy resources, in MJ.


4

LEED v4: Material and Resources Credits

MR c4: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization- material ingredients

• Option 1. Material ingredient reporting (1 point)– (CASRN) and GreenScreen / Health Product Declaration./Cradle to Cradle. The end use product has been certified at the Cradle to Cradle v2

Basic level or Cradle to Cradle v3 Bronze level/ USGBC approved program.

• Option 2: Material ingredient optimization (1 point) – C2C v2 Gold or v3 Silver

• Option 3: Product Manufacturer Supply Chain Optimization (1 point)

LEED v4 credits driving Product Transparency interest: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization – Material Ingredients

2 pts possible

Material Ingredient Reporting:

(down to 1000 ppm)

Material Ingredient Optimization:

Supply Chain Optimization:

2 pts can be earned based on some combination of three options:

not SVHC

ACC Responsible Care


5

Product Transparency

The Green Building Community wants to do good…


6

…but might be a little confused

Why we are here today… at least one reason


7

There’s a GREAT DIVIDE!

Chemistry/Chemicals

Chemistry delivers innovative products that improve our lives!

Chemicals are toxic & not safe!

11/6/15 PJS


8

“Red List” Materials and Chemicals

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Chemicals of Concern: www.epa.gov/oppt/existingchemicals/

California Prop 65:http://oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/Newlist.html

Living Building Challenge Red List (found on page 28 of the LBC standard document):https://ilbi.org/lbc/LBC%20Documents/lbc-2.1

Healthy Building Network Worst In Class Chemicals:www.healthybuilding.net/target_materials.html

Cradle To Cradle Certification Banned List of Chemicals:www.c2ccertified.org/images/uploads/C2CCertified_Banned_Lists_V3_121113.pdf

European Chemicals Agency's REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical substances): ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/reach_intro.htm

GreenScreen for Safer Chemicals v1.2 (not a list, an assessment of how to create a list):www.cleanproduction.org/Greenscreen.v1-2.php

Kaiser Permanente's Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Policy: www.healthybuilding.net/healthcare/KaiserPermanente-EPP-Policy.pdf

Are RED LISTS Barriers to Innovation?

• Red Lists drive overly simplistic decisions that do not consider actual toxicity performance of a material

• Red Lists are expanding, narrowing the opportunity for acceptable “optimization”

• We need Pathways & Programs based on improved environmental and health toxicity profiles, exposure & responsible manufacturing programs


9

The Chain of Confidence and Trust

Posit: nobody actually really understands chemicals

…except the toxicologists!

What is toxicology?

� Drivers – Why care about toxicology?

� Perceptions & Opportunities

• LEED HPDs as an example

• Hazard Tools Comparison Project

� Progress on the horizon� New LEED Pilot Credits that incorporate toxicology

principles

� New approach to product innovation


10

Product safety can be a key factor for market loss

California Wants to Serve a Warning With Fries (NY Times, Sept 21, 2005)

Congress Must Act to Remove Toxic Substances from Products Our Families Use Everyday: Flame Retardants TDCP and TCEP

Increasing Pressures and Product Deselection

Regulatory drivers: Replace Chemicals of Concern– REACH Authorization

– California Safer Consumer Products Regulation

– TSCA reform

Customer/Consumer Drivers– Banned lists of chemicals or categories of chemicals

– Ecolabel certifications

– Health Product Declarations

– Cradle to Cradle Optimization

– New Green Ratings systems


11

Toxicology Should Be Front & Center in Product Safety Debate

• Can determine the market success or failure of a product

• Awareness of toxicology can:� prepare you to respond to customer questions/concerns about a

product/chemicals safety

� provide background to speak to the way products are assessed for safety

� identify opportunities to improve hazard profiles of materials & products

What is toxicology?Toxicology is the science of assessing safety of a

chemical/product by estimating the risk of an adverse outcome.

Principle #1: Risk = Hazard x Exposure

Principle #2: The Dose Makes the Poison!

That is ALL things are harmful (i.e. have a HAZARD) at some amount

Toxicology studies biased towards identification of adverse effects (carried out at excessively high doses)

Principle #3: Effects observed in animals are relevant for humans.


12

Hazard versus RiskRisk = Hazard X Exposure

Dose Makes the Poison

Paracelsus 1493-1541“the father of modern toxicology.”

The Dose Makes the Poison!

• “All substances are poisons: there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy.”


13

Margin of Exposure = Safe Dose / Actual Exposure

Typical Dose = 1 g

Toxic Dose = >4 g


Tylenol MoE = 4

Healthy Liver

Tylenol-induced Liver Damage

Margin of Exposure = Safe Dose / Actual Exposure

Thousands of Chemicals Known Carcinogens!!!

But, dose is extremely low


The different groups of chemicals present in coffee are:150 Aliphatic compounds56 Carbonyl compounds9 Sulfur containing compounds20 Alicyclic compounds10 Ketones60 Aromatic benzenoid compounds16 Phenols300 Heterocyclic compounds74 Furans10 Hydrofurans37 Pyrroles9 Pyridines2 Quinolines70 Pyrazines10 Quinoxalines3 Indoles23 Thiophens3 Thiophenones28 Thiazoles28 Oxazole

How many chemicals present in a cup of coffee? - ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_many_chemicals_present_in_a_cup_of_coffee [accessed Nov 6, 2015].

WHO has classified roasted coffee as an IARC 2B Carcinogen - possibly carcinogenic to humans.


14

The Perceptions

• Chemicals are not tested for safety

• We know nothing about impact of chemicals & products on human health & environmental

• Man-made chemicals = Toxic, not safe

• Natural chemicals = not toxic, safe

Marketplace Reactions

Movement to “Green” Chemistry

• Disclosure and assessment of ALL ingredients

• Focus on hazard reduction/elimination– Low hazard = safer alternative= greener product

• Selection of “green”, de-selection of hazard-classified products

“Safer” options now being identified outside regulatory framework

• Ecolabels are one way that “greenness” is gauged

• Today more than 300 separate programs

• Voluntary substitution, alternative assessment programs other options (e.g. LEED v4 material health credit)


15

2 pts possible

Material Ingredient Reporting:

(down to 1000 ppm)

Material Ingredient Optimization:

Supply Chain Optimization:

2 pts can be earned based on some combination of three options:

not SVHC

ACC Responsible Care

An example:HPD is an option under LEED v4


16

Purpose of HPD

Transparency is major focus

Product chemical content

Health and environmental impacts

Tool for reporting product contents, % content and hazard profile

Designed to support disclosure to customers and inform decisions by building designers, owners and users

Full disclosure of known hazards, report components to at least 0.1% 1000 ppm, 100 ppm ideal

HPD Uses “Authoritative” List to ID Hazards


17

Problems with Hazard Only Tools like HPDs

• Potential hazards disclosed under HPDs do not necessarily reflect actual risks and can mislead buyers.

• Manufacturers are finding data collection and reporting to be onerous, requiring outside help.

• Potential that disclosures could compromise trade secrets.

• The HPD is solely a declaration of product content and direct health hazards associated with exposure to its individual contents, not the product delivered to the job site.

• Developed without engagement of toxicologists – like many other tools designed to guide selection of safer components products.

Practicing ArchitectureMaterials Matter

http://www.aia.org/practicing/materials/

Visit the HPD Library

As thought leaders in the

materials transparency

movement, SmithGroupJJR has

collected hundreds of Health

Product Declarations in a

searchable database to assist

with material selection and the

LEED documentation process.

Learn More

Materials Mind Map

The interactive Materials Mind

Map is a resource for architects

to become more informed about

material health.

Learn More

NOW AVAILABLE!

NOW AVAILABLE:

Transparency & Risk for

Architects. Within the realm of

product content transparency,

this White Paper aims to

provide the context and

background needed to engage

intelligently with basic legal

and practice questions.

Read More

Choosing the BestMaterials

Choosing the Best Materials for

the Project: Working with

materials is fundamental to the

job of an architect. Materials

make up the walls that hold up

the roof, they keep out the rain

and let in the light. How do you

choose the best product for the

job?

Learn More


18

ANALYSIS OF TOOLS USED TO SCREEN & PRIORITIZE CHEMICALS

Engaging Toxicologists in the discussion . . .

Toxicologists/American Chemistry Council (ACC)Working with Stakeholders:

A Comprehensive Chemical Evaluation Framework

� Single attribute (i.e., hazard) approaches only tell part of the story

� Promote efficient flow of meaningful, relevant, & actionable information along the supply chain

� Bring to scale the evaluation of exposure, lifecycle, trade-offs, socioeconomic benefits

� Promote holistic approaches and lifecycle thinking to drive future business decisions


19

Screening Tools

• ACC Prioritization Tool

• BOMcheck• ChAMP• ChemHAT• Chemical Assessment and Ranking

System (CARS)• Chemical Data Access Tool• Comp Tox

• Cradle-to-Cradle® • Design for the Environment• DuPont’s chemical Screening

Visualization Tool

• EcoLogo™• Goodguide• GreenGlobes• GreenGuard

• GreenScreen ™ • GreenSeal™ • GreenSuite®

• GreenWercs™• Healthy Building Network/Pharos

• iSUSTAIN™ Green Chemistry Index Tool

Lists• Greenlist™ • Green Screen List Translator

• Substitute it Now (SIN)

Other• CleanGredients® • Lowell Center for Sustainable Production AA Framework

Rating Systems

• BIFMA• EPEAT• Living Building Challenge

• LEED

Standards

• ANSI/NSF Multi-Attribute Standards

Exposure Tools• COSHH• ConsExpo• EGRET (solvents)• RISKOFDERM • Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI)

• Stoffenmanager• Targeted Risk Assessment

Tools Designed for Specific Applications

No One Tool Fits All Applications

• Wide variety of tools designed for a range of purposes

• Tools vary in consideration of hazard, exposure, lifecycle considerations and comparability capabilities

• Tools can be used inappropriately or results misinterpreted

Gauthier et al., , Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management , October 28, 2014


20

2016 Overview of Tools EvaluatedTool Creator Designed Objective Data Source

U.S. EPA

Clean Production Action

Chemical Compliance Systems

The Wercs Ltd / Walmart

SciVeraLLC

Identify safer alternatives

Chemical use decision guide

Chemical use decision guide

Customization based on user preferences

Assess hazards and risks of chemicals

Toxicological data

Hazard Lists, Toxicological

data

Toxicological data

Hazard Lists

Hazard Lists, Toxicological

data

*

* Multiple models

*

J.M Panko et.al., “A Comparative Evaluation of Five Hazard Screening Tools, Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management , 2016

Chemicals Selected for Evaluation

CAS # Chemical Name Chemical Description/Type

58-08-2 Caffeine Natural

77-92-9 Citric acid Naturally derived preservative on DfE

Safer Chemicals List

107-21-1 Ethylene glycol Degrades to glycolic acid (79-14-1), a

natural metabolite

79-14-1 Glycolic Acid Degradation product of ethylene glycol

84-74-2 Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) Well characterized, on ban lists

2634-33-5 Benziosthiazolinone (BIT) Antimicrobial

3194-55-6 HBCD (1,2,5,6,9,10-Hexabromocyclo-dodecane)

End of life issues (PBT)


21

SciVera Lens

Caffeine

Citric Acid

Ethylene Glycol

Glycolic Acid

Dibutyl phthalate

Benziso-thiazolinone (BIT)

1,2,5,6,9,10-Hexabromocyclo-dodecane (HBCD)

Results of Chemical Screening Tools Comparison Project

Key: Green = Low Hazard; Yellow = Moderate Hazard; Orange = High Hazard; Red = Very High Hazard; White = Uncertain

GreenWercs Walmart Scoring Model

GreenWercs (GreenScreen

Model)

GreenSuite (adjusted-weighting)

GreenScreen (List

Translator)

GreenScreen (Full

Assessment)

GreenWercs ChemRisk Scoring Model

U.S. EPA DfE

Inconsistent Results

How the Tools Rate Caffeine


22

How the Tools Rate Ethylene Glycol

Key Findings Tools Comparison Project

• Outcome of tool evaluation depends on tool used for screening

process

• Differences across tools included endpoints and weighting, data

sources, data gaps

• Need for transparency when describing basis for tool rankings

• Inherent hazard of chemical is only one consideration in making

informed chemical ingredient decisions


23

SCIENCE BASED OPPORTUNITIESImproving screening, prioritization and selection of safer materials

Access to and use of hazard, exposure, and other attributes as the basis for product safety evaluations/decisions

•Risk- and lifecycle-based approaches and tools available

Vision: Information exists to guide sustainable choices

Present

Future

Hazard-based

Risk-based

Life cycle-based

SustainableChoices

Exposure


24

Intent:

This pilot process is different from other pilot credits. Manufacturers have

the opportunity and are encouraged to engage in a field trial of the requirements without working with an active project team. Developed by the Supply Chain Optimization Working Group, the new option implementation process focuses on rewarding manufacturer achievements related to programs that drive the environmental, health and safety management of hazardous ingredients within the supply chain through improved communication and designed to spur innovation. These systemic opportunities are uniquely available to manufacturers and can have substantial co-benefits and synergies across broad segments of manufacturing.

Pilot creditPilot credit

M a t e r ia l ingre die nt s product m a nufa ct ure rM a t e r ia l ingre die nt s product m a nufa ct ure rsupply cha in opt im iza t ionsupply cha in opt im iza t ion

Possib le 1 po intPossib le 1 po int

Intent:

To encourage the use of products and materials for which life-cycle information is available and that have environmentally, economically, and socially preferable life-cycle impacts. To reward project teams for selecting products for which the chemical ingredients in the product are inventoried using an accepted methodology and for selecting products verified to minimize the use and generation of harmful substances. To reward raw material manufacturers who produce products verified to have improved life-cycle impacts.

More info:

http://www.usgbc.org/node/4810564?return=/pilotcredits/all/v4


M a t e r ia l ingre die nt s product m a nufa ct ure rM a t e r ia l ingre die nt s product m a nufa ct ure rsupply cha in opt im iza t ionsupply cha in opt im iza t ion



25

Intent

To reward project teams for selecting products that are assessed usingaccepted risk assessment methodologies for installation and use of building products.

More info: http://www.usgbc.org/node/10257615?return=/pilotcredits/all/v4

LEED BD+ C: New Construct ion | v4 - LEED v4LEED BD+ C: New Construct ion | v4 - LEED v4

Building M at e r ia l Hum a n Ha zard & ExposureBuilding M at e r ia l Hum a n Ha zard & ExposureAsse ssm entAsse ssm ent


Intent

To encourage the use of products and materials for which life cycleinformation is available and that have environmentally, economically, and socially preferable life-cycle impacts. To inform decision-making by projectteams by rewarding building material manufacturers that share life cyclehealth, safety and environmental information about their products.

More info:

http://www.usgbc.org/node/10147292?return=/pilotcredits/all/v4


Int egra t ive Ana lysis of Building M a t e r ia lsInt egra t ive Ana lysis of Building M a t e r ia ls

Possib le 1 pointPossib le 1 point


26

Product Innovation Opportunities

• Move beyond hazard to safety for making informed chemical

ingredient decisions

• Use toxicology tools to evaluate safety early, more efficiently, and

accurately

• Design and select more sustainable products

• Less effort and expense defending commercialized products and ingredients

• Longer product lifecycles (e.g. not targeted for deselection)

• A major opportunity to improve public confidence

Conventional Product Development

Minimal toxicology input toproduct design

or selection$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

R&D Regulatory toxicity testing Research to address

additional issues

To be helpful it must :• Rapid• Relatively inexpensive• Small amounts of test material• Include Human health AND environmental end points• Generate data useful to:

� Inform ingredient/product design� Inform wise selection decisions � Inform regulatory safety assessment – tailor animal testing


27

Using Green Chemistry in New Product Development

R&DSafety, Sustainability

Assessment

Launch moreSustainableAlternatives

New Formulations

Productdesign

Selection

Pre-manufacturing

Optimizeformulations

Exposure assessment

Informtesting End of Life

Management

Value Proposition: Introduce safer products to market

quicker, lower cost, less animals, less follow-up research !

$$$$$$$$$$$$$

A Word about ASHRAE 189.1

•In continuous maintenance

•Merging with IgCC, and serving as the base document

•Material disclosure has been discussed, but not adopted….yet


28

Closing thoughts• Concerns over product safety driving . . .

–Increased transparency & ingredient disclosure

–Hazard-based decision making as a means for identifying “safer” ingredients/products

• Selections based solely on hazard may not always lead to a “safer” choice

• Explore 3 New LEED Pilot Credits that incorporate hazard and exposure

• Use green chemistry principles in product innovation to minimize need for defending product ingredients

Special thanks to the American Chemistry Council; Dr. Shawn Hunter & Dr. Pamela Spencer, The Dow Chemical Company

Lorraine Ross

[email protected]