('Alj['rn~NTI0N PLEASEm~JJrFu_v-;';r.~'\;:r;l\'f~'4~~1#p,~'TlMeeting will be Saturday April 6, 1968 at the Northway Inn Exit 36.

r:-;-l,::Pl:e~c~~~ribtestory on Heiberg Memorial Award. Your suggestions are needed.

I =ir

In New Yorkll:"nrillion acr ee>, )J'=~

Through the cooperation of Exten-Service, the New York Statervation Department, and the

_.rLHed.htern Forest Experiment Sta-of Burlington, Vermont, a searchto find sweet sugar maple trees

seed of which will produce a treewill grow 12 inches in diameter20 to 25 year period and producethree quarts of syrup per buck-

instead of today's one quart.

A sweet tree, as defined in thisch , must be one half percent

_rp,.tpr than surrounding trees and!ID;ceeathe average (about 3%) sugar•••••nL.ellL by thirty percent. Typical of

search for sweet trees are thets in St. Lawrence County whereHuddleston, Extension Agent,Frank Bassett, Forester, runactometer tests on over 600 treesfound six trees that met the rig-specifications for a sweet tree.four of the six have stood up un-a second year test.

in greenhouses at the Northeastt Experiment Station to observeof growth. At the end of twosugar tests will be made of the

to determine if the young treesited the high sugar quality of

mother tree.

_"ewYork maple syrup producersfollowing this experiment withinterest. An idea is developing

Lewis County that sugar bushesbe planted as successfully as anorchard. To be able to plant

sugar trees will do much to im-the income of those farmers

DO YOU HAVE FRIENDS WHOSHOULD BE MEMBERS OF NYFOA?

Ittookjustafew minutes for HarryEcklund to mail in the card quotedbelow:"Dear Mr. Carlson:

I am sending in the name of a friendwho has several farms and a greatdeal of wood land. He comes from along line of conservationists. Heshould belong to the NYFOA.

Mr. and Mrs. C. David SackHale RoadBemus Point, N. Y. 14712"Would you send him a kit of in-

formation. Youmayuse my name. Heis also a close friend of Asa Cheney,at Bemus Pt.

Many thanks. "Sincerely,

J. Harry EcklundRD #1Gerry, N. Y. 14740It's just these few minutes from

members like this who care about for-estry and conservation that can makeNYFOA a really great organization forthe advancement of forestry in NewYork State.

THINK! What about friends youknow who are not only interested inforestry arid conservation but wouldreally like to become members ofNYFOA? Will you take a moment totell them about~?

"Th'e tree casts its shade upon all,even upon the wood-cutter. "--Sanskrit proverb

whomaywish to establish maple or-chards.

DR. FARNSWORTH REQUESTSYOUR SUGGESTIONS FORANNUAL HEIBERG AWARD

Dr. C. Eugene Farnsworth, Chair-man, Department of Silviculture,State University College of Forestry,wa s appointed Chairman of the Hei-berg Awards Committee by PresidentHanaburgh at the last Board of Direc-tors meeting. Director Dorothy Wert-heimer is as sisting him on the AwardsCommittee.

The founder of the NYFOA was thelate Professor Svend O. Heiberg, As-sociate Dean of the College of Forest-ry. Based on his first-hand observa-tion of how effective forest owner as-sociations were in the Scandinaviancountries, Professor Heiberg enthusi-asticallyurged the forming of a forestowners associationfor New York State.

The Heiberg Award is given eachyear as a feature of the annual lunch-eon of NYFOA. It is made in recogni-tion of outstanding service and prog-ress inforestry. This year the Boardof Directors broadened the award toinclude both indiv'iduals and groups,agencies or organizations.

As an NYFOA member please sendyour suggestionfor the Heiberg Awardfor either an individual or a group or-ganization or agency now. Addressyour suggestion to Dr. C. EugeneFarnsworth, Chairman, Heiberg A-wards Committee, State UniversityCollege of Forestry, Syracuse, N. Y.13210.

Per capaita consumption of paperand paper board products alone is nowat an all-time high rate of some 530pounds a year in the United States.

(Source: NY ASCS NewsJanuary 1967)

63 Pinewood DriveLevittown, Bucks' Co.Pennsylvania 19054January 19, 1968

Mr. Floyd E. CarlsonExecutive Vice PresidentNewYorkForestOwners AssociationCollege of ForestrySyracuse, New York 13210

Dear Floyd:Thank you for your letter of Janu-

ary 16 and the complimentary re-marks about the hobby article in theDecember issue of REA's ExpressNews. As requested there are beingsent to you today 50 copies. This maga-zine has a national distribution of a-bout 35,000. It is sent to all REAem loyes ~ their homes and_i~_ de-signed to tell them what is going on inManagement, explain new programsand relate other items of interest aboutthe Company. This publication is als 0

sent to REA's Board of Directors,all state regulatory bodies and all fed-eral regulatory bodies such as, CAB.ICC and FMB, as well as certain in-terested shippers and a great numberof retired employes of REA.

As to the interest evoked by thearticle around the country based oncomments made to me, I would like tosay it was first one of surprise thatthere is such an organization as theNYFOA, that help is available fromcertain federal and state governmentalagencies to grow trees and developland, and finally that an office manwould become involved actively in for-estry and conservation.

Then there were many expressionssuch as: " ... unusual, but evidently apleasant and satisfactory hobby •..must give a sense of security •.. tiesin with the big push toward expandingoutdoor recreation ... sure like theidea of raising some Christmas trees... something the whole family can en-joy ... nice to pass on to the kids ...how did you find out about it •.. whendo we get invited up! "

Duririg 1968 we plan to apply forsome road stabilization work, prob-ably build a quarter-acre pond at agood site already recommended, andif possible, secure an electric lineback to the cabin. The abs entee owner,located 225 miles away from his prop-erty is certainly at a disadvantage andprogress is slow, but in time and withperseverance, we are confident ofbringing our various projects to frui-tion.

Sincerely,(signed) Thomas C. Peebles

THOUGHTS IN A MAP LE GROVE(June 1967) Part!.

This year's longest day was a sultry one on Quaker Hill. The clouds hunglow; the air was still; and the leaves, having no sunshine to ward off, did littleto make the woods cooler than the cornfields and pastures in the valley bAfter two hours of girdling and felling trees, my helpers and I dropped axesaw, and lay down to rest. Puddleby, the small terrier, left off yapping at achipmunk and came to join us. Overhead was the low and hoarse chip-churrof a tanager.

The day recalled another one much like this, but twenty years ago. A for-ester acquaintance had walked through this same twenty-acre stand of hard-woods and had given me his thoughts of their worth and future. Then he hadimpressedme with his realism and his caution. Now I realize that he belongedto the know-nothing, do-nothing school, and was bursting with inaction andunenthus iasm.

"These hardwoods", he said, "are slow-growing and many are worthless.This place is not the one for management. Leave them alone; let the hemlockgrow and the cows graze. After a time you can sell off a lot and use the mon-eyto buy another woodlot elsewhere. Do not bother to plant, prune, or girdleor thin. Time and patience are all that you need. "_ ~<?.m~.!!yNew Yorklorest owners follow this theory that, by defa ult , we arebuilding up a huge wooden junkyard.

Howe:ver, my woodlot was not acquired merely to walk about in. Withoutconsulting or telling my acquaintance, I marked out thirty acres and began tocut away all but the very best trees. The latter were smooth, straight mapleand ash. As their competitors fell and rotted away, their crowns filled in theopen spaces and their trunks were no longer hidden behind the tangle ofEven the most casual visitor notices the contrast between these thirty acresand those stands which have received no attention. The latter shows no im-provement in quality. In fact the large-crowned and crooked cull trees, leftover from previous logging, have come more and more to dominate the sby crowding out the younger and better trees . In no cas e has a noticeablefor the better come about merely by leaving the stand alone.

Meanwhile another theory of how to handle northern hardwoods had beseeping down to me from the literature of woodlot management. I am hereingthis theory that of the selective harvest. Two basic ideas are involved; andboth are, Ihave come to believe, false and misleading. One contends that carefully directed commercial cuttings alone can improve the woodlot with noof-pocket cost to the owner. They can do so by leaving the best trees forgrowth and by removing as many of the poor trees as a logger can be persuad-ed to fell. After about twelve years another felling can take place. Thusby little and over many years a directed change for the better will come about.

Again and again I have had timber marked and sold according to this theoryof s ele ctive harvesting. Thes e sales have not been satisfactory. They havecluded the least in quality and volume that the logger would accept. As a re-sult logging costs have been high and stumpage rates- have been low. The-oject has not been to supply the market with a high- quality product, but ratherwith the poorest that it would accept. Trees below that limit of accehave remained in the woods, presumably waiting for the market to becomemore tolerant. Over the years outlets for pulpwood and charcoal wood haveexpanded, but not to the extent of offering any reasonable return to theowner. Iprefer to girdle or fell trees and let them rot in place than sell thefor one dollar a cord.

Inproportion to their number and size, the trees that have remained belthe margin of marketability have become more dominant in the stands thathave logged with the purpose of selling the poorest trees and retaining the beones. As a result, the stands 'have not improved but have become poorerquality and composition. In no case have I been able to make a second cuttinafter twelve years, or even twenty.

The other idea basic to the selective harvest theory is that most northernhardwoods are tolerant of shade and therefore do best in an all-age forestAgain the idea is plausible and attractive, especially to those who dislike thabundant slash left by heavy cutting. To remove a tree here and a tree thereseems better, with the smaller ones moving into the places of the larger onesin a steady surge of growth year after year.

Untoldhours ofwalking and working in my woods have convinced mewise. Henry S. Kernan South Worcester, New York

E FOR TREE SEEDLINGS

Lake, Pennellville, N. Y.

is letter is concerned with thent that I am performing with

. During the month of December,t to a grove of evergreen trees

collected some 3-1/2 dozen cones.

the cones in an oven, for 3-5at 100 degrees until they opened.all I had to do was to shake the_.IeS until the seeds fell out. (In the

e, the seeds, & cones came from._.o:<uwed the cones and s orne twigs to

Mack. He said that they wereSpruce. )

I cleaned rhe seeds, filled a largebag with dirt and some peat

. On December 4, 1967 I placedag with 300-400 seeds in it, in aroom, with the temperature rang-from 300_400 (F).

January 2, 1968·1 went into theto see how the seeds were andout that 30-500/0 of the seeds hadted. I took the seeds from theThen I prepared 4 bread pans.put 3 inches of mixed peat mosssand into the bottom of the breadOntop ofthe soil I placed 50-100

__ -ds , Then I placed I /2-1 inch of sandop of the seeds. The bread pans4" deep 5" wide, 8" long. AfterI placed the pans and seeds backthe cold room. They have been infor 6 days sofar, andIam watch-em very closely.of now I don't know what I will

ing with the SEEDLINGS after aor two from now?you have any suggestion, I would

?leased to hear from you, or any

NYFOAmembers. I hope withinw months I will be able to write a

ion to my experiment.ours in forestry,signed) Curtis Joseph Mills

Junior Member: Suggest that with the return ofweather you find s orne openand plant the seedlings. If you

need and space for a windbreak,spruce planted in 3 or more rowsprovide a lot of comfort later on.

. S. Forest Service experiment inCalif. received $50,000U. S. Public Health Ser-

pollutionrest trees.e: Forest Industries, Oct. '67)

EnterinqFIN(H ,PRUYN & (O.lnc,Manaqed Timberlands

(above) NORWOOD W. OLMSTED,Woodlands Manager Finch PruynCompa ny, Inc. and Director NYFOAproudly posts new Tree Farm sign.The Company's newly certified TreeFarm is the largest in New YorkState. It is located in Essex Countyin the midst of the Adirondack M01in-tains.

The Finch, Pruyn Company'sTree Farm furnishes the raw woodmaterial that puts 750 em ployeeson the payroll in the business 'ofmaking 100,000 tons of printing andconverting papers annually. In addi-tion the Tree Farm directly providesjob opportunities for 100 others whosupply pulpwood from the Companyowned and managed Adirondackforests. _

At the tu r n of this century, the pop-ulation ofthe United States is expect-ed to reach 300 million, with a cor-responding increase in the need forwood products of between 70 and 114percent.

DEER FOOD INMOTHER NATURE'S PANTRY

The Conservationist for Dec. -Jan.1967-68 carries an excellent article"Index Plants of the Deer Herd and theCondition of the Range" by Herbert E.Doig, Coordinator, Fish & WildlifeManagement Act, New York State Con-servation Department. There is ahandsome centerspread of drawingsin color of "Deer Foods of New York"by Wayne Trimm.

Included in the preferred deer foodsare: white cedar, hemlock, maple,sumac, witch-hobble, highbush cran-berry, wild r a i sm , apple, grey-stemmed dogwood.

When food is not so plentiful deerwill browse on: white pine, red pine,ash, oak, birch, aspen, cherry andon the shrubs witch-hazel, hazelnut.

Signs that the cupboard is gettingbare and the range overbroused areevidence of feeding on: red cedar,spruce, scotchpine, balsam fir, larch,beech, alder and hawthorn.

THE SNOW SLED INNEW HAMPSHIRE - Part Iby Paul Doherty

There was a day when after the deerhunters left the forests of the GraniteState the woods were quiet. With theexception of the sounds associatedwith logging and wood cutting, whichin any given winter took place on asmall percent of the over -all land area,about the only sounds to be heard werethe screams of the blue jay, the barkof the fox and the pounding and bang-ing of the hardwoods during a severefreeze as the frost was driven deep.

Today, however, a change is tak-ing place. The woods are no longer soquiet you can hear the stillness. Theridges and the swamps, the mountainsand the valleys, the fields, ponds andlakes all ring- w.ith the r oa.r, of the_high__speed small gasoline engine. The eraof the small over -the - snow machine iswith us.

The coming of the snow machinewas slow in the beginning. Only a fewhereandtherethefirst winters, 1960-62, followed by a few more 1963 -64,untill965 when we really begin to seethem in use in large numbers. Thencame the snow season of 1966-67 whenthe sport really hit high gear. One es-timate placed 4,000 in use throughoutthe state.

Everything indicates the winter of1968 will establish new records forsnow-traveling. Sales of all makesare running high, the total number ofmac.hines in use by the time springbreakup comes could reach 10,000.

Young and old, male and female,all have fallen under the spell of thewinter lands cape while riding one ofthese vehicles. Not only have the sea-soned outdoors men; hunters, trappers,ice fishermen, timber cruisers takento the snow sled, but hundreds of folksfrom every walk of life, people whobefore had little interest in the out-doors in winter, have found the sportof snow machining fun and interesting.The snow machine has truly made aboy out of the man. The snow sled ishere to stay.

Like everything els e in life, snowmachines will bring problems. When-ever lots of people engage in a certainactivity, problems will result.

With the small, fast, up-to-50-mph snow vehicle miles drop behindwith lightning speed. In far less thanan hour a man can be a lot furtherfrom home, or the highway, than hecan snowshoe in a day. In big woodscountry this could spell trouble in mid-winter should mechanical problemsarise.

Folks who are not active at workor play sometimes get into situationsthat tax muscles and heart. Thin icecan come up fast to the person whodoesn't understand big lakes or beaverponds.

Snowmachine travel calls for com-mon sense, both in operation methodsand when traveling alone. The age oldplan of being prepared is importantand not going beyond one's physicalability should be remembered.

Land owners have complained a-bout snow-machine use in some cases.Small trees can be damaged when snowconditions and depth is just right.Camps have been broken into, trashhas been left behind from snow mach-ine outings.

These are problems that snow ma-.chi.ne.c l.ubs. and. indi:vidual us.er s mustface up to and try to prevent. Educa-tion is needed and necessary to insurethat private land can be enjoyed andallowed. The owner of the over-the-snow vehicles must depend on the pri-vate land owner, in most cases, forhis sport and enjoyment. Without freeus e of private land in winter the sportof snow machining would be dealt aheavy blow. The farmer, the lar gewood lot owners, the big pulp and pa-per companies are host to the snowsled; their rights must be respected,their property used with care if thesport is to gr ow and be popular.(Source: Forest Notes,New Hampshire's ConservationMagazine, Winter 1967-68)

CHIP PIPELINESCanada likely to have commercial

wood chip pipelines in operation by1980 saidP. J. Manno of Stanford Re~search Institute at a recent Montrealmeeting.(Source: Canadian Pulp & PaperIndustry, Oct. 67)

"City dwellers, whether the taxidriver onhis day off, or the businessman heading for a trip into the back-country of the West are not only try-ingto get away from the hot pavementsand the gas fumes, the close confinesof an apartment, the noise and thefrustrations of city life. They are al-so respondingto something in the hu-man spirit which craves the peace andquiet, of the countryside, the treesmountains, lakes, and streams, asetting of natural beauty. They arelooking for a certain quality of life. "(Source: Journal of Forestry Nov.1967. Donald D. Stevens on, ChiefForester, Buckeye Cellulose Corp. )

CHANGES IN TIMBER PRODUCTIand patterns of use, both in this coun-try and abroad, have made worldevelopments much more importantto the domestic outlook than they usto be. Although the bulkiness of mforest products in relation to thevalue still tends to discourage Ihauls, there has been a shift to higher-priced products that is more favorato trade over substantial distances.

Long-term prospects for a U. S.pr oduction lar ge enough to supportports have improved greatly, par-tlybecause of different standards of uti-lization, partly because of better for-est practices, and partly because bet-ter survey methods have establisthat the United States is a timbersurplus nation by a substantial margi

In_1920 the national cut of all .ber was believed to be five timesgreat as the annual growth.

In 1962, according to the most rcent estimates of the U. S. ForesService, annual gr owth was 60cent greater than the cut. Widesprefears that exhaustion of domestic forest resources was only atime have subsided.

Ontheothei:hand, U.S.ports have risen sharply in reyears and are expected to be impant for a long time to come. Thistrue largely because the over-allcess of domestic growth over cut donot apply to all regions, species groand size classes. Also, some obserers wonder whether the current rof increase in inventory will beto rne e t the expanded domesticquirements of the future at priconsumers are prepared to pay.terms of wood equivalent, 1963ports were 3.5 times as large as epor t s ,.' Among the economically avanced nations, the United Statesthe only one with a current surplustimber growth that is not als 0 aexporter of forest products.(Source: Annual Report 1967Resources for the Future)

"In the woods it rains twice. "--German proverb

ACCELERATED PACEOF·BUILDING

President Johns on, when hethe bill that created theof Housing and Urban Developmsaid: "By the year 2000 we musterally build a new America. We mcreate, in 35 short years, ashomes, schools, churches, hospiparks, roads, offices, warehousand public buildings as we have sthe Pilgrams arrived on thes e shor

fireplace needA fire, correctly

requires thought and att eri-inreturn, it offers warmth, mu-

and beauty. And the glow from themeans a glow in the heart.

There are utilitarian souls who as-that a fireplace is meant only topeople. But he who tends a firethat it means much more. A

who cherishes his fire wants abed of ashes; he wants a solid

of oak or hard maple._ man who is fortunate enough tohis own wood and has a choice,to it that he has several kinds.resin of pine means quick, hotyellow flames and a pleasant

; cherry gives an orange-yellowold apple wood means frag-

e and a clear, bluish flame. Elmdeep russet flames and when thehas been sacrificed, the log is

ttern of white ash in squares and~o •.••.ngre s , Gray birch disdained by

, burns with a gay, free action,the lively gold and yellow flamesto leap from the wood.

Don't poke your fire too much, butjudgment as you put on the logs.

aIIQoaeratelyhighfire creates its own. A good hearth tender us es his

occasionally, but doesn't wor-=- a few ashes spill out.ending fire is for the patient man.rs deep thoughts and a content-with the simple basic things inIt is good to read that horne own-

again asking for fireplaces.heat has its good points

wants it. But somehow, ais more meaningful if flamesa picture in a fireplace and a

has a chance to tend his fire.e: Forest Notes, New Hamp-Conservation Magaziner 1967-68)

NEWS OF YOUWilliam G. J. Jones writes that his

property situated in the southwest cor-ner of Yates County shows plantationgrowth of Scotch and red pine, larch,and spruce. All 6-8 years. He has al-so improved about 30 acres of hard-woods over a 6-year period. If anyonein that area is interes ted in looking athis property contact him for direc-tions at 66 Glenmont Dr. , Rochester,N. Y. 14617.

DeAlt on J. Ridings, who has beencommisioner of the Central N. Y.State Parks Commission since 1960,has been elected to the Cazenovia Col-lege Board of Trustees. He is als 0

presently a director of the First Trustand Deposit Co. and former presidentand chairman of the board of PorterCable Machine Co. of Syracuse.

Some new members include:Charles Burger, Jr., New Roch-

elle, - a forest biology major in theCollege of Forestry.

Maurice B. Ireland (Chenango) -A farmer from Bainbridge.

Jack W. Cottre \ I (Madison) - Acivil engineer from Manlius.

Kermit P. Smith (Onondaga) -Baldwinsville.

Mr. & Mrs. Russell W. King (Noforest land) - Brant Lake.

Charles P. Meade (Tompkins) -Ithaca.

Mrs. Luella B. PalmerMembership Secretary

Georgia leads the Southern Statesin pulp mill production capacity withFlorida second and Alabama third.RECORD DEER TAKE IN TEXAS

Texas, withanestimated 3.2 mil-lion deer yielded a record harvest in1966 of 270,000 deer - -50,000 animalsover 1965. Hunters have failed to keepdeer population in check. Deer num-bers have increased steadily sincethe draught of 1957.

(left) Arnot rorest visitors at NYFOA'sFifth Fall Meeting view pastoral land-scape and Christmas tree plantation.(above) NYFOA Fall Tour membersat Recknagel Plantation Memorial.and Exhibit September 22, 1967.

GROW AND PLANT TREESIN PLASTIC TUBES?

Last summer Dick Hansen, North-west Paper Co. forester in Minnesotalearned that Canadian foresters wereapplying a new approach to growingand planting trees.

In the spring of 1967 the NorthwestPaper Co. planted 90,000 tubes undervarious conditions to observe the re-sults.

Small plastic tubes split along theside and open on both ends are put ina plastic tray and fed a soil mixturewithaseedplaced in each tube. Seedsare covered with sand, the trays arewatered, put in a greenhouse for earlygermination.

After germination the trees aremoved outside to harden off.

They are then hand planted, tubeand all.

Some of the advantages are: thetrees can be produced in a short time;the roots are not disturbed in planting;plants can be set out all summer long;costis only a fraction of present meth-ods.

Planting is accomplished by drop-ping the tubes into a hole made by a3" metal peg welded onto a garden hoehandle.

The heaviest wood in the world isnative to the United States. Known asblack ironwood, it is found, amongother places, in the Florida Keys.

Photos this page courtesy of DouglasM. Payne, Dept. of Conservation,NYS College of Agriculture, CornellUniversity.

Editor's Note:The following article might equallybe titled LETS GROW WALNUT INNEW YORK STATE. We have manyareas where this most valuabletimber tree, the Black Walnut, willgrow.

LET'S GROW WALNUTIN NEW HAMPSHIREby Ingersoll Arnold, DirectorState Forest Nursery

The State Forest Nursery locatedin Gerrish, New Hampshire is em-barking on a program designed to aidlandowners in growing Black Walnuttrees. Black Walnut is byfar the mostvaluable wood per board foot grown inthe U. S. While New Hampshire is outof its natural range, there are sever-al specimens of Black Walnut in thestate which are producing nuts f r orn --which it is hoped future stands of BlackWalnut will develop.

Because of the high value of blackwalnut wood, landowners can affordto and should practice cultural opera-tions which will speed up growth andproduce knot (defect) free, clear wood.Such operations as weeding, irrigat-ing, if necessary, mulching to pre-serve moisture, pruning in particularand, most important, protectionfrominsect and disease can be practiced tothe extent of considerable investmentto insure good quality product. Onecan well afford to invest in costlyplanting techniques and periodic ap-plication of fertilizers to insure highsurvival and rapid growth.

Black Walnut, however, cannot beplanted on any old land. It requires arather good soil, preferably a well-drained, sandy loam, but is not re-strictedtosuchsoils. Itwillnot, how-

President: David H. HanaburghCraft Lane, Buchanan, N. Y. 10511

Editor-Executive Vice President:Floyd E. CarlsonCollege of ForestrySyracuse, N. Y. 13210

Treasurer-Membership Secretary:Mrs. Luella B. Palmer157 Ballantyne Rd.Syracuse, N. Y. 13205

ever, grow well in shallow ledgy,sandy soils nor can it stand too muchcompetition from surrounding vegeta-tion.

Persons interested in growingBlack Walnut would do well to writethe American Walnut ManufacturerAssociation, 666 North Lake ShoreDri~e, Chicago 11, Illinois and askthem for:

Growing Walnut for Profit, a pub-lication of the American Walnut Grow-er s As s ociation.

More Walnut Timber Faster - byStephenG. Boyce, ResearchForester,Central States Forest Experiment Sta-tion, USDA, Forest Service, III OldFederal Bldg., Columbus, Ohio. R.D. Lane, DirectorbyF. Bryan Clark.

Planting Black Walnut for timber,Leaflet No. 487, USDA Revised Sept.1966-,available from Supt. of Docu-ments, U. S. Government Printing Of-fice, Washington, D. C. 20402, 5¢ percopy.

These publications supply informa-tion on how to raise walnut.

Concentrate on growing largecrowned trees with one good cleanbutt log, that is a tree 17' to the firstlimb. The large crown will make dia-meter growth rapid and the increasedcost of producing a second or a thirdlog is not commensurate with the in-come provided because it is extreme-ly difficult to produce clear boles 2 or3 logs up the stem.(Source: Forest Notes, New Hamp-shire Conservation MagazineWinter 1967-68)

Farmers Home AdministrationMakes loans to farmers, non-

profit associations and rural com-munitie s and to spons or s of water-shed projects.

EXPOR T WOOD MARKET BASEDON SOFTWOOD

In both Western Europe andwestern Pacific, the main exportket opportunities appear to be bason softwoods. The greatest potefor such exports are to be foundNorth America and the Soviet U .Thus, the external demands onAmerican timber will depend boththe magnitude of these marketopments. and the extent to whichU. S. S. R. participates in them.

The U.S.S.R. has the mostsive softwoodforests of the world,a substantial part of these forestsremote, difficult of access, andquestionable significance as·source.

Through the very rapid expansof its lumber industry in recent yethe U. S. S. R. has become a maj orporter of softwood lumber to Eurwhile also reaching a high level ofmestic consumption.ment appears to have involvedheavy cutting in the more acces sforests.

The extent to which a similar epans ion will be achieved in pulppaper in the future is one of thejor uncertainties in world tradeforest products.

The evidence suggests thatthe long term the U. S. S. R. mayprovetobea limitless source of swoods, but rather that expandingmestic requirements will pressily on the economic production posbilities.(Source: Annual Report 1967Resources for the Future)

World population is now grat the rate of one million each we

MR. RUSSELL E. GETT!GIBBS-INDIAN HILL ROADSR.D. #1MANLIUS, NEW YORK 131Q4