THE NORTH CAROLINA BROWNFIELDS PROGRAM: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF

FACTORS AFFECTING LENGTH OF TIME REQUIRED TO REACH A FINALIZED

BROWNFIELD AGREEMENT

By

GREGORY PETER MAVRAGANIS

A paper submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Public Administration. The attached paper represents work done by a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Master of Public Administration student as a class

project. It is not a formal report of the Institute of Government, nor is it the work of School of Government faculty.

Executive Summary

North Carolina's expanding population presents growth management challenges. The North Carolina Brownfields Program (NCBP) encourages redevelopment of brownfields (properties where the threat of environmental contamination has hindered re-development). This study examines sites that have successfully completed the brownfields process, analyzes site characteristics that affect the length of time required to reach a finalized brownfields agreement, and suggests areas for future research. This study aims to help NCBP program staff, local governments, and developers to maximize benefits from the brownfields program.

1

INTRODUCTION

Brownfield development is a strategy to bring underutilized land back to productive use across the country. This is especially important in North Carolina as its population continues to grow. Traditional growth tends to develop greenfields—previously undeveloped land—as sites for commercial, industrial, and residential development, in part because of concern about liability for past environmental problems at previously developed sites. The ability to re-develop sites can have many benefits, such as reducing sprawl and saving capital by using existing infrastructure. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) administers the Brownfields Program in North Carolina. In exchange for approving the remediation plan, state law authorizes DENR to provide liability protection (under certain conditions) for prospective developers interested in developing eligible brownfields sites. However, the time it takes to negotiate and complete a brownfields agreement can be a costly problem for a developer. BACKGROUND

A brownfield is an abandoned, idled or underused property where the threat of environmental contamination has hindered its redevelopment1. The North Carolina Brownfields Program (NCBP) was created in response to the Brownfields Property Reuse Act of 1997, which gave DENR authority to engage prospective developers to pursue brownfield development. Under the NCBP, a prospective developer is defined as “any person who desires to buy or sell a brownfields property for the purpose of redeveloping it and who did not cause or contribute to the contamination at the property”2. In order to gain the benefits of the NCBP, the prospective developer enters into a brownfields agreement with DENR. The brownfields agreement requires the prospective developer to “perform those actions deemed by the department to be essential to make the property suitable for the proposed reuse”3. In exchange, the statute authorizes DENR to limit the prospective developer’s environmental liability as specified in the brownfields agreement. The statute includes several conditions that supersede the brownfields agreement and require the prospective developer to conduct additional remediation. Examples of these conditions include situations when:

• Land use restrictions are violated;

• The prospective developer provides false information;

• New information regarding contaminants is reported; or

• Risk at the site increases to an unacceptable level. Prospective developers first submit a letter of intent to designate their interest in the NCBP. They must submit a formal application and work with a project manager throughout the process. There are three stages of projects: projects pending eligibility, active eligible projects, and finalized brownfield agreements. The first phase includes applications that are submitted, but have not received an eligibility determination. DENR project managers make the eligibility determination, which may move the application forward. If a site application is eligible, its status becomes an active eligible project. In this phase, DENR project managers work with prospective developers on a brownfield agreement. The finalized brownfield agreement is the contractual document that guides the development, liability protection, and future use (and monitoring) of the property. If DENR and the prospective developer agree on a finalized brownfield agreement, the project may proceed into the development phase. Throughout the development process and for the future life of the site, the developer must satisfy clauses in the finalized brownfield agreement, under penalty from DENR. In this sense, the brownfield agreement resides over the future use of the property to ensure safety and compliance.

2

PURPOSE OF STUDY The purpose of this study is to analyze sites with finalized brownfield agreements to screen for site characteristics that may cause delay in reaching an agreement. As the NCBP passes its tenth anniversary, it is an appropriate time to conduct an initial study of the program’s progress. This study presents descriptive statistics for the sizes and locations of brownfield sites in North Carolina, as well as the length of time needed to reach a finalized brownfield agreement. This information is useful for the staff of the NCBP, private developers interested in pursuing brownfield development, and possibly local governments considering brownfield development. Brownfield projects are not limited to urban areas, and because of North Carolina’s rural manufacturing and industrial history, brownfield development projects offer opportunities for rural communities also. The NCBP is an important tool for prospective developers to use when considering brownfield development. It is also an effective program to encourage development of underused property that is often a visual blight to the surrounding community. Table 1 illustrates the growth of the NCBP since its inception in 1997. According to the NCBP’s Annual Report to the North Carolina General Assembly, as of September 2000, it finalized six total brownfield agreements that facilitated $55 million in investment. At that time the NCBP was staffed by one full-time person. As of October 2005, the NCBP finalized 66 total brownfield agreements that facilitated $1.2 billion in investment. In 2005 the Program’s staff was in between seven and eight full-time equivalents.4 RESEARCH DESIGN This study uses site data, obtained from the NCBP, and analyzes it across data sets for site size, site location, and length of time needed to reach a finalized brownfield agreement. Information about property size and location was taken from the NCBP’s draft 2008 Report to the North Carolina General Assembly. Data for the length of time needed to reach a finalized brownfield agreement was compiled from the publicly available files at the NCBP office. From these data sets, descriptive statistics were generated to summarize and characterize the sites. This analysis provides insight into the program’s progress and highlights areas for future research. SUMMARY OF SITES IN THE NORTH CAROLINA BROWNFIELDS PROGRAM As of September 30, 2008, there were 133 sites with finalized brownfield agreements5. Information on property size, location, and length of time to reach a finalized brownfield agreement was analyzed for these 133 sites6. Definition of study terms:

• Property location: defined by the North Carolina county in which the site is located.

• Property size: acreage of the site according to the NCBP’s summary of finalized sites, as listed in the draft report to the General Assembly (September 30, 2008).

• Length of time to reach a finalized brownfield agreement: the number of days required from the date of the letter of intent (the start of the process) to the date of the finalized brownfield agreement.

3

Property Location The 133 sites with a finalized brownfield agreement represented 37 different counties. Sixty-three of North Carolina’s 100 counties do not have a finalized brownfield agreement. With 133 total finalized sites for the State, the mean number of sites per county is 1.33. However, 37 counties host the 133 finalized sites. This is an average of 3.59 finalized sites per participating county. Mecklenburg County, the most populous county in North Carolina7, accounted for 52 of the 133 finalized brownfield sites, or 39% of all finalized sites8. Mecklenburg County has 42 more sites than the county with the next largest number of finalized sites (Guilford County, 10 sites). If Mecklenburg County’s 52 sites are excluded, the remaining 36 counties with a finalized brownfield agreement average 2.25 sites per county. The four counties with the most finalized brownfield agreements (Mecklenburg 52, Guilford 10, Wake 9, and Forsyth 8) account for nearly 60% of all finalized brownfield agreements. They also are the four most populous counties in North Carolina. Of the 13 counties with more than one finalized agreement, eight of them are in the top 13 in population9.

Property Size Property size data was available for 91 of the 133 sites with a finalized brownfield agreement10. The acreages ranged from 0.25 acres to 540 acres, with an average of 24.69 acres per site. This average is influenced by the largest site at 540 acres. The average without that site drops to 18.75 acres11. The 91 sites represent 2,246 acres (about 3.5 square miles) of redeveloped land. The table to the left displays data about the sizes of the finalized brownfield sites.

Length of Time Needed to Reach a Finalized Brownfield Agreement Data was available for 119 of the 133 sites regarding the number of days from the letter of intent date to the date of the finalized brownfield agreement. The median number of days was 586 and the mean was 722. The number of days required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement ranged from 138 days to 2,702 days. The middle fifty percent of all sites reached a finalized brownfield agreement in 420 to 899 days. Of the thirteen counties with more than one finalized brownfield agreement, nine of them fall within the middle 50% of the length of time needed to reach a finalized brownfield agreement. The table to the right displays the counties with more than one site and the number of days required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement. The sites in bold in are within the middle 50% of all sites with respect to the length of time required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement.

Property Size of Brownfield Sites

Smallest Site 0.25 acres

Largest Site 540 acres

Median 8.2 acres

Middle 50% 2.88 – 20.98 acres

County Sites Mean Time Per

Site (Days)

Mecklenburg 47 692

Forsyth 8 1052

Wake 7 440

Guilford 7 758

Buncombe 6 1,226

Gaston 4 457

Nash 3 646

New Hanover 3 649

Rockingham 3 674

Orange 3 761

Durham 2 428

Haywood 2 739

Iredell 2 996

4

ANALYSIS OF SITES

Statistical tests were conducted to investigate the effects of property size and site location on the length of time required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement. The sites that required the fewest number of days to reach a finalized brownfield agreement were examined for similarities among the sites. Correlating Property Size with Length of Time Needed to Reach a Finalized Brownfield Agreement

12

The sites were divided into four groups based on property size (in acres) and property size was correlated with the length of time needed to reach a finalized brownfield agreement to produce the table to the right. As the table indicates, some data subsets explain more of the variance in length of time required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement than others. The low correlation values indicate that property size alone does not explain fully the variance in the length of time required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement. The negative correlation value for the smallest 25% of the sites indicates that a horizontal line explains more of the variation in the length of time needed for a finalized brownfield agreement than property size (for that group). Despite the low explanatory power of property size alone, there is a trend that correlation decreases as property size decreases. Analysis of the Length of Time Needed for a Finalized Brownfield Agreement

The number of brownfield sites in a North Carolina county ranges from zero (for 67 counties) to forty-seven (for Mecklenburg County)13. This study separated the sites into three groups to identify if one subset requires a different length of time to reach a finalized brownfield agreement. The subsets are based on the number of sites with finalized brownfield agreements located in the county. The subsets are:

• Sites in Mecklenburg County (47 sites)

• Sites in Counties with two to ten sites (50 sites)

• Sites in Counties with one site (22 sites) The analysis compares two subsets at a time to determine if their difference is statistically significant.14 As the table displays, none of the comparisons between the subsets produced a significant result. These results suggest that there are no significant differences in terms of time to reach a brownfields agreement among these subsets.

Data Set

(Property Size)

Correlation between

property size and length of

time needed to reach a

finalized brownfield

agreement

(r-squared value)

All Sites 0.153

Largest 75% - 100% 0.381

High Middle 75% - 50% 0.336

Low Middle 25% - 50% 0.165

Smallest 25% -0.110

Analysis for the Length of Time Needed for a Finalized

Brownfield Agreement

Subset A Subset B Difference between

A and B

Mecklenburg Counties with 2 - 10 sites

Not statistically significant

Counties with 2 - 10 sites

Counties with 1 site Not statistically

significant

Counties with 1 site

Mecklenburg Not statistically

significant

5

Examining Sites in the Lowest Quartile for Length of Time to Reach a Finalized Brownfield Agreement

The thirty sites that required the shortest length of time to reach a finalized brownfield agreement were examined for possible insights into the factors that placed them in the lowest quartile for the number of days required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement. No immediate similarities were identified. The sites represent fourteen different counties, with eight of those counties having more than one site. Analysis on site size or site location did not reveal any unique similarities among this group. Mecklenburg County’s twelve sites were the largest number of any single county, accounting for 40% of the total. However, that is representative of Mecklenburg County’s participation in the overall program, where it accounts for 39% of all finalized brownfield sites. CONCLUSION

This study did not find that site size or site location explain the length of time required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement for the sites in the North Carolina Brownfields Program. Site size ranges from 0.25 acres to 540 acres, but there was not a strong correlation between site size and the length of time required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement. Site location did not uncover any differences among subsets with respect to the length of time required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement. These findings suggest future research and investigation related to the length of time required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement and the factors affecting it. This study used a quantitative approach to investigating the length of time required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement. Future research may shift towards an interview-based approach with NCBP staff. Their experience working with prospective developers throughout the process could provide valuable insight into the factors affecting the length of time required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement. Additionally, information on factors such as the previous use of the property (commercial, industrial, residential, or agricultural), the intended use of the property, location of contamination at the site (surface water, ground water, or soil), and type of contamination (metals, petroleum, chlorinated solvents, volatile organic compounds, etc) would be useful for future studies. In order to encourage future research, the NCBP should also make more data available to the public in a useful format. Current access is limited to the hard files, which makes data analysis difficult because of the extensive effort required to gather data. Data on site location, site size, and the length of time required to reach a finalized brownfield agreement is a good starting point, but additional information could encourage future research.

6

Endnotes

1 www.ncbrownfields.org 2 www.ncbrownfields.org 3 www.ncbrownfields.org 4 Refer to the October 2005 NCBP report to the NCGA http://www.ncbrownfields.org/pdf/Brownfields_Report_Final_2005.pdf 5 A complete list of sites with finalized brownfield agreements is listed in the Appendix. 6 133 sites have finalized brownfield agreements, but not all 133 sites have information for property size, location,

LOI date, or BFA date. 7 According to North Carolina’s Office of State Budget and Management Certified County Populations in 2007 8 http://www.osbm.state.nc.us/ncosbm/facts_and_figures/socioeconomic_data/population_estimates/demog/ 9 Refer to the Appendix for a table listing the counties with more than one finalized brownfield site. 10 Property size was not available for all 133 sites with a finalized brownfield agreement. 11 Refer to the Appendix for a table listing counties with finalized brownfield sites totaling more than ten acres. 12 The Appendix contains the output for the correlation calculations. 13 Data for 119 of the 133 finalized brownfield sites was available for length of time required to reach a finalized

brownfield agreement. 14 Refer to the Appendix for the full statistical model and results.

Appendix: List of Brownfield Sites

Project Name Site Address City County LOI Date* BFA

Date* Days* Acreage

301 Fayetteville

Street 301 Fayetteville St Raleigh Wake 4/24/2006 7/12/2007 444 0.833

A Great Escape 1806 Funtime Blvd. Winston

Salem Forsyth 2/24/2005 5/5/2006 435 5

ABC Engravers

(New PD) 724 Montana Dr Charlotte Mecklenburg 8/10/2001 12/9/2004 1217

Airport Exxon 3305 North Liberty St. Winston-

Salem Forsyth 9/1/2000 1/25/2008 2702 0.56

Alamac

American 1885 Alamac Rd Lumberton Robeson 1/22/2002 2/24/2006 1494

Alamac Knit

Fabric NC Highway 125 Hamilton Martin 1/23/2001 2/24/2002 397 106

Alcan

Packaging Food

1600 Westinghouse

Blvd Charlotte Mecklenburg 9/9/2004 4/24/2006 592 9

Almont

Shipping

Hanover and Cowan

Streets Wilmington

New

Hanover 23.37

Alpha Mills 312 E 12th St Charlotte Mecklenburg 5/8/2003 6/15/2005 769 5.77

American

Cyanamid Donald Ross Rd Charlotte Mecklenburg 5/12/2004 6/12/2007 1126 4.1

Anchor Mill 404 Church St Huntersville Mecklenburg 1/25/2001 11/19/2002 663 32

Andrex

Industries 180 Deaverview Rd Asheville Buncombe 9/10/2003 4/22/2005 590 9

Archdale

Marketplace 5801 South Blvd Charlotte Mecklenburg 6/1/2003 1/14/2004 227 13

Arrow Laundry

& Cleaners 4735 Monroe Rd Charlotte Mecklenburg 3/16/2005 3/9/2007 723 16.5

Asheville Mica

Property 75 Thompson St Asheville Buncombe 6/6/2005 5/29/2007 722 3

ATS Manufacturing

Facility

Hwy 321 & Rankin

Lake Road Gastonia Gaston 12/5/2006 9/24/2007 293 6.65

Baldor Electric 3821 Barringer Dr Charlotte Mecklenburg 4/18/2000 5/31/2002 773

Bendix Heavy

Vehicle Facility 727 Bendix Drive Salisbury Rowan 10/31/2005 11/16/2007 746 20.96

Bouligny Site 2320 N Davidson St Charlotte Mecklenburg 4/2/2003 12/20/2004 628 3.5

Bromma

Property II 2285 Durham Rd Roxboro Person 12/28/2005 11/3/2006 310 11.6

Brown's Solvent

Co. 2935 Griffith St Charlotte Mecklenburg 3/5/2001 5/13/2004 1165

Burkhart

Carolina 1703 Dabney Dr. Henderson Vance

Burlington -

Jamestown 6008 High Point Rd Greensboro Guilford 2/20/2002 11/21/2003 639 22

Burlington Mills 476 S Main St Mooresville Iredell 10/16/2000 6/14/2004 1337

C.C. Dickson 1520 South Blvd Charlotte Mecklenburg 9/3/1998 7/7/2000 673

8

Project Name Site Address City County LOI Date* BFA Date*

Days* Acreage

Cal-Tone Paints

Facility 5115 New Bern Ave Raleigh Wake 5/15/2006 2/15/2007 276 2.75

Camden Road 1600 Camden Rd Charlotte Mecklenburg 8/13/2003 12/27/2005 867 0.25

Camden Square 127 W Worthington

Ave Charlotte Mecklenburg

Camden Square

Addition

307 W Worthington

Ave Charlotte Mecklenburg 4.5

Camden Square

Amendment W. Worthington Ave. Charlotte Mecklenburg

Cannon Village 1 Lake Circle Drive Kannapolis Cabarrus 5/24/2005 6/27/2008 1130 154

Carolina Log

Buildings Howard Gap Rd Fletcher Henderson 3/23/2001 8/8/2005 1599 30

Carolina

Production Finishing

105 Fairview Rd Asheville Buncombe 11/18/1997 4/3/2003 1962

Celanese DRP 2300 Archdale Avenue Charlotte Mecklenburg 5/30/2006 11/9/2007 528 120.41

Central Park Landfill

Salem & S. Main Sts. Winston Salem

Forsyth 11/1/2002 1/21/2004 446 7.23

Charlotte Tank

Truck 2200 Border Dr Charlotte Mecklenburg 10/6/2003 4/5/2007 1277 2.23

Cherokee Oil 925 S Summit Ave Charlotte Mecklenburg 2/20/2002 1/20/2004 699 2

Chester Street

Property N Chester St Gastonia Gaston 4/7/2004 8/22/2005 502

Chowan Veneer

Company 259 Coke Ave Edenton Chowan 10/18/2005 10/19/2006 366 12.4

City of Sanford

WWTP 1351 Douglas Dr Sanford Lee 9/6/2002 7/9/2003 306

City West

Commons 1506 West Blvd Charlotte Mecklenburg 6/25/1998 8/14/2003 1876

Conbraco

Facility

701 Matthews Mint

Hill Rd Matthews Mecklenburg 12/17/2004 1/3/2006 382

Conitron

Facility

3761 Old Glenola

Road Trinity Randolph 8/25/2006 1/24/2008 517 54.8

Costco 2838 Wake Forest Rd Raleigh Wake 6/28/2005 7/5/2006 372 2.6

Cotton Mill

Square 801 Merrit Dr Greensboro Guilford 9/13/2000 3/22/2002 555

Cultural Arts

Center 205 Mcdonald St Rocky Mount Nash 6/25/2004 8/23/2006 789 3.6

Cumberland

Shopping Center

709 E Market St Greensboro Guilford 3/23/1998 12/19/2001 1367

Dayco Facility 2150 S Main St Waynesville Haywood 6/11/2004 4/5/2007 1028 35.942

Dixie Trucking 3606 North Graham

Street Charlotte Mecklenburg 3/24/2006 2/19/2008 697 16.25

9

Project Name Site Address City County LOI Date* BFA Date*

Days* Acreage

Don Christian

Property Main St. Carrboro Orange 10/9/2003 2/3/2005 483 0.5

Dynatech Industries

2213 Toomey Ave Charlotte Mecklenburg 3/20/1998 10/17/2003 2037

East Gannon

Property 102 E Gannon Ave Zebulon Wake 12/11/2002 10/29/2003 322 1.75

East Park - Boyer

1607 E 4th St Charlotte Mecklenburg 10/24/2002 5/19/2004 573 0.39

East Park -

Craver 1609 Elizabeth Ave Charlotte Mecklenburg 8/19/2003 12/14/2004 483 0.65

East Park - Dorothy Hall

1423 E 4th St Charlotte Mecklenburg 5/15/2003 12/10/2004 575 0.8

East Park - Joal

Realty 1534 Elizabeth Ave Charlotte Mecklenburg 10/12/2001 4/10/2003 545 24

East Park - Kossove

1515 E 4th St Charlotte Mecklenburg 10/12/2001 4/16/2003 551 24

Ecusta 1 Ecusta Rd. Pisgah Forest

Transylvania 9/11/2003 10/8/2004 393 540

Electronics

Components Corp

513 S Dudley St Burgaw Pender 10/18/2004 2/21/2006 491 5

Elk Mountain

Landfill Elk Mountain Rd. Woodfin Buncombe 4/7/2003 3/23/2007 1446 156

Erwin Square 2211 Hillsborough Rd Durham Durham 3/17/2002 1/8/2003 297 6

Ferguson

Enterprises

101 W. Tremont

Avenue Charlotte Mecklenburg 3/23/2006 6/23/2008 823 2.88

Fieldcrest Blanket Mill

206 Warehouse Street Eden Rockingham 3/31/2005 6/4/2008 1161 18.439

Fishburne

Equipment Bradley Branch Rd Arden Buncombe 10/18/2001 1/10/2006 1545

Flemington Landfill

US Highway 421 N Wilmington New

Hanover 12/18/2000 7/26/2004 1316

Florence Mill 186 Mill St Forest City Rutherford 1/14/2005 8/25/2006 588 8.2

Flynt Fabrics

Mill Property 202 S Nash St Hillsborough Orange 12/3/2004 8/11/2005 251

Fontaine 5th Wheel

3883 S Church St Rocky Mount Nash 10/15/2004 12/14/2005 425

Food Lion Waughtown &

Sprague Sts.

Winston

Salem Forsyth 12/18/1997 11/9/1999 691

Fulflex, Inc. Property

500 E 7th St Scotland Neck

Halifax 8/23/2004 2/4/2005 165 20

Gateway at Old

Salem 1198 S Broad St

Winston

Salem Forsyth 5/24/2004 3/31/2005 311 51

General Wood Facility

1901 Wood Treatment Rd.

Leland Brunswick 2/11/2003 5/2/2006 1176 120

Glencoe Mill 2362 River Road Burlington Alamance 11/30/2005 3/17/2008 838 7.04

10

Project Name Site Address City County LOI Date* BFA Date*

Days* Acreage

Golden Belt

MFG

900 E. Main & 400 E.

Elm St. Durham Durham 9/8/2006 3/20/2008 559 5.478

Griffith Street Property

565 Griffith St Davidson Mecklenburg 6/18/2004 12/20/2005 550

Guilford Mills W Wendover Ave Greensboro Guilford 11/18/2001 2/21/2003 460 55

Guilford Mills -

Hornaday 5644 Hornaday Road Greensboro Guilford 5/26/2006 2/27/2008 642 30.23

Guilford Mills -

W. Market St. 4925 West Market St Greensboro Guilford 4/28/2003 7/18/2005 812 19.8

Hamilton

Property 216 Dunavant St Charlotte Mecklenburg 12/3/1997 4/10/2001 1224

Hillsborough

Ventures 3011 Hillsborough St Raleigh Wake 3/13/2000 5/1/2001 414

Hillsborough

Ventures Addition

3 Concord St., 24

Mcknight Ave., 3101 Stanhope Ave

Raleigh Wake

Historic Cotton

Mill 191 Riverside Dr Asheville Buncombe 7/3/2003 6/30/2006 1093 2.63

Home Depot -

South

Boulevard

4750 South Blvd Charlotte Mecklenburg 9/29/2003 6/8/2004 253 12

Industrial

Plastics Inc. 4810 Clover Rd Greensboro Guilford 1/25/2005 5/5/2007 830 17.77

Kidd Lane

Battery Disposal

3607 Kidd Ln Charlotte Mecklenburg 4/8/2003 10/25/2005 931 1

Lewith Textile 3539 Wilkinson Blvd Charlotte Mecklenburg 7/27/2000 12/14/2001 505 50

Lowes of North

Hickory 1430 2nd Street NE Hickory Catawba 12/30/2005 3/6/2008 797 13.818

Mallard Creek 3021 Driwood Ct Charlotte Mecklenburg 2/15/2002 4/3/2003 412 21

Midcal

Aluminum 4933 Brookshire Blvd. Charlotte Mecklenburg 9/20/2006 4/28/2008 586

Midtown Mall 401 S Independence Blvd

Charlotte Mecklenburg 11/9/2005 2/6/2007 454 10.3

Model Linen 120 W Lewis St Greensboro Guilford

MTE Hydraulics 108 Chickasaw Rd Gastonia Gaston 5/10/2005 3/6/2006 300 9.76

National Textiles

100 Reep Dr Morganton Burke 32

NC Equipment

Company

3101 Hillsborough

Street Raleigh Wake 9/27/2006 8/2/2007 309 2.04

North College Street Property

900 N. College Street Charlotte Mecklenburg 6/16/2006 1/22/2008 585 0.85

Old Pineville

Road

4928 Old Pineville

Road Charlotte Mecklenburg 11/8/2006 12/5/2007 392 3.5

Oxford Printing 8 Industry Dr. Oxford Granville 8/21/2000 10/24/2001 429

11

Project Name Site Address City County LOI Date* BFA Date*

Days* Acreage

Padgette Lane

Property 105 Padgette Lane Carrboro Orange 6/29/2004 9/26/2008 1550 0.97

Parker-Hannifin 12415 Capital Blvd Wake Forest Wake 10/27/2003 5/30/2006 946 33

Pelton & Crane

Plant 200 Clanton Road Charlotte Mecklenburg 6/24/2004 1/23/2008 1308

Pilot Mills 1121 Haynes St Raleigh Wake

PPD Headquarters

Harnett St. & North Front St.

Wilmington New

Hanover 8/26/2004 12/8/2005 469 8

PTRP – Camel

City Cleaners/MGP

401 East Third Street Winston-

Salem Forsyth 4/26/2005 7/1/2008 1162 1.27

Quality Metal

Products 1111 Oates Rd. Gastonia Gaston 7/31/2002 8/3/2004 734 11

R.W.

McCOLLUM

107 W. Meadowview

Road Greensboro Guilford 6.5

Rea Asphalt

Addition 2701 Youngblood St Charlotte Mecklenburg 3/22/2007 8/7/2007 138 0.768

Rea Asphalt

Plant 2701 Youngblood St Charlotte Mecklenburg 1/17/2006 2/6/2007 385 8.551

Redman Homes Redman Rd Mebane Orange

Reeves Site 8900 Research Dr Charlotte Mecklenburg 6/22/2004 6/10/2005 353 20

Rusak Property 3331 Griffith St Charlotte Mecklenburg 1.21

Salem Uniform 4015 Cherry St Winston Salem

Forsyth 5/13/2003 6/22/2006 1136 2.53

Schlage Lock

Facility 3551 N Wesleyan Blvd Rocky Mount Nash 1/6/2004 12/30/2005 724 49.15

Shuler Property US 23/74 & Hyatt Creek Road

Waynesville Haywood 7/6/2006 9/28/2007 449 4.494

Singer

Company 357 Amilite Way Chocowinity Beaufort 4/28/1998 3/29/2001 1066

Smith Metal &

Iron 725 W 4th St Charlotte Mecklenburg 3/4/2002 11/15/2002 256

Smith Property 309 Campbell St Shelby Cleveland 9/5/2000 1/15/2002 497

Sonoco Flexible

Packaging

Facility

2203 Hawkins St Charlotte Mecklenburg 8/10/2006 5/10/2007 273

South Tryon

Street 2036 S Tryon St Charlotte Mecklenburg 8/7/2003 1/21/2004 167 2.88

Southern

Manufacturing 1000 Seaboard St Charlotte Mecklenburg 12/5/2001 7/2/2003 574 9

SOUTHSIDE

PROPERTIES

2208 South Boulevard

#2222 Charlotte Mecklenburg 8/24/2007 4/21/2008 241 4.2

State Farm

Road 660 State Farm Rd Boone Watauga 4/19/2000 9/4/2001 503

Stoneville

Furniture Co. 525 South Henry St. Stoneville Rockingham 6/30/2004 5/6/2005 310 22.5

12

Project Name Site Address City County LOI Date* BFA Date*

Days* Acreage

Tar Heel Lift 7055 Albert Pick Road Greensboro Guilford 7.46

Tartan Marine S NC Highway 177 Hamlet Richmond 12/28/1999 3/29/2001 457

Terrell Machine 3030 South Blvd Charlotte Mecklenburg

Town &

Country Rent-a-Car

5324 Independence

Blvd Charlotte Mecklenburg 3/8/2005 11/13/2007 980 1.6

V F Site 2831 Wilson Park Rd. Statesville Iredell 4/26/2004 2/9/2006 654

Vanier Graphics 655 E Meadow Rd Eden Rockingham 9/14/2000 3/19/2002 551

West End

Village

Properties on N.

Broad, W. Fourth, W. Fifth, North Green, N.

Spring Streets and

Brookstown Avenue

Winston-

Salem Forsyth 5/21/2004 8/2/2008 1534 8

West Morehead 1310 W Morehead St Charlotte Mecklenburg 1/19/2000 3/18/2002 789

Willard Lead

Facility 101 New Bern St Charlotte Mecklenburg 9/22/2005 8/2/2007 679 4.5

Wilmington Convention

Center

515 Nutt St Wilmington New

Hanover 3/27/2007 9/4/2007 161 9.22

Wilson Landfill WWTP

US Highway 301 E Wilson Wilson 9/15/2003 6/28/2005 652 14

LOI Date: Date when the letter of intent was signed by the prospective developer

BFA Date: Date of the finalized agreement between DENR and prospective developer

Days: Number of days in between LOI date and BFA date

13

North Carolina Counties with More Than One Finalized Brownfield Agreement

(Ranked by the Number of Finalized Brownfield Sites in the County)

**Data available for all 133 sites with a finalized brownfield agreement.**

County Finalized Brownfield

Sites in County

Percent of all

Finalized Sites

Rank in county

population within

North Carolina

Mecklenburg 52 39.098% 1

Guilford 10 7.519% 3

Wake 9 6.767% 2

Forsyth 8 6.015% 4

Buncombe 6 4.511% 7

Gaston 4 3.008% 8

New Hanover 4 3.008% 9

Orange 4 3.008% 22

Nash 3 2.256% 29

Rockingham 3 2.256% 30

Durham 2 1.504% 6

Haywood 2 1.504% 44

Iredell 2 1.504% 17

14

North Carolina Counties with Finalized Brownfield Agreements Totaling More Than Ten Acres

(Ranked by Total Acreage in the County)

County

Sites in County

(with acreage

available)

Total Acreage in

County

Average Acreage

Per Site in County

Transylvania 1 540 540

Mecklenburg 35 433.59 12.39

Buncombe 4 170.63 42.66

Guilford 7 158.76 22.68

Cabarrus 1 154.00 154.00

Brunswick 1 120.00 120.00

Martin 1 106.00 106.00

Forsyth 7 75.59 10.80

Randolph 1 54.80 54.80

Nash 2 52.75 26.38

Wake 6 42.97 7.16

Rockingham 2 40.94 20.47

New Hanover 3 40.59 13.53

Haywood 2 40.44 20.22

Burke 1 32.00 32.00

Henderson 1 30.00 30.00

Gaston 3 27.41 9.14

Rowan 1 20.96 20.96

Halifax 1 20.00 20.00

Wilson 1 14 14

Catawba 1 13.82 13.82

Chowan 1 12.40 12.40

Person 1 11.60 11.60

Durham 2 11.48 5.74

**Data was available for 91 of the 133 possible sites with a finalized brownfield agreement.**

15

Correlation: Property Size and Length of Time Needed to Reach a Finalized Brownfield Agreement

All Sites

Acreage Days

Acreage 1

Days 0.152503346 1

Largest 25% (20.96 - 156 acres)

Acreage Days

Acreage 1

Days 0.381197801 1

50% - 75% (8.551 - 20.96 acres)

Acreage Days

Acreage 1

Days 0.335696315 1

25% - 50% (2.88 - 8.551 acres)

Acreage Days

Acreage 1

Days 0.165335052 1

Smallest 25% (0.25 - 2.88 acres)

Acreage Days

Acreage 1

Days -0.110472999 1

(Transylvania County’s 540 acre site was excluded from the calculations because it is an outlier)

16

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Test 1of 3 Mecklenburg County

Counties with more than

one finalized brownfield

agreement

Mean 691.5744681 770.12

Variance 162001.2498 261650.5567

Observations 47 50

Pooled Variance 213399.3134

Hypothesized Mean Difference 0

t Stat -0.836898983

P(T

Length of Time to Reach a Finalized Brownfield Agreement for Sites in the North Carolina

Brownfields Program

y = -0.2155x + 8873.1

R2 = 0.1789

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3/11/1997 7/24/1998 12/6/1999 4/19/2001 9/1/2002 1/14/2004 5/28/2005 10/10/2006 2/22/2008

Date of Letter of Intent

Nu

mb

er

of

Days

to

Rea

ch

a F

inali

ze

d A

gre

em

en

t

18

Filename: 03-23-09 Mavraganis Draft Capstone Directory: M:\MPA RA Template: C:\Documents and Settings\mpara\Application

Data\Microsoft\Templates\Normal.dotm Title: STRIVING FOR EQUITY IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: Subject: Author: Johanna Foster Keywords: Comments: Creation Date: 3/23/2009 9:34:00 AM Change Number: 9 Last Saved On: 3/27/2009 8:58:00 AM Last Saved By: Greg_Mavraganis Total Editing Time: 15 Minutes Last Printed On: 4/13/2009 1:51:00 PM As of Last Complete Printing Number of Pages: 19 Number of Words: 4,823 (approx.) Number of Characters: 27,495 (approx.)