The Norwegian Programme in Higher Education, Research and

Development in the Western Balkans 2010-2014. The Agriculture Sector (HERD/Agriculture)

HERD Project

(Project no.: 09/1548; 332 160UÅ)

“Research, education and knowledge transfer promoting entrepreneurship in sustainable use of pastureland/grazing”

Danijela Petrovic, Stanko Ivankovic, Leona Puljic

Mostar, Oct 4 2013

Project goals and objectives

The project represents joint efforts of leading WB Universities / Faculties of agriculture/veterinary medicine and the NORAGRIC Department at

Norwegian UMB to contribute in education, research and knowledge transfer promoting entrepreneurship in sustainable use of grasslands / pasturelands.

The overall goal of the project is to teach students how to sustainable manage

with grasslands and livestock production in environmental conditions of Western Balkans.

Our aim is to improve life of population in rural areas of WB, especially those working with grasslands / pasturelands, natural / genetic resources, and

domestic animals, as well as people living in mountains, and trying to produce some products.

With respect of local specifics, the following project activities were planed:

In EDUCATION: Establishment / improvement of course curricula related to

grasslands, livestock production, plant and animal breeding, genetic resources, and interdisciplinary

In RESEARCH: Performing researches related to improving of sustainable

management of grasslands and livestock production, evaluation of biodiversity of autochthonous populations, and protection of natural

resources

TRANSFER of KNOWLEDGE about grasslands and animal husbandry towards extension services and farmers.

We plan to support young people, MSc/PhD students to finish their dissertations. We expect these new masters / doctors of agricultural sciences

will in future take a leader's role in WB rural communities.

We give additional efforts to popularization and transfer of knowledge promoting local heritage, protection of autochthonous plants and animal

landraces, technologies, cultures, and products

Project organization

Project partners

Norway

Department of International Environment and Development Studies, NORAGRIC, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Ås

Western Balkans Faculty of Agric. & Food Technology, University of Mostar, B&H (from 2013) Faculty of Agric., University of Prishtina, Kosovska Mitrovica-Lesak Kosovo Faculty of Agric., University of Belgrade, Serbia Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia Faculty of Agric., University of Banja Luka, Bosnia-Herzegovina

Project leader Mensur Vegara, Noragric, UMB, Ås, Norway

WB Coordinators

Slaven Prodanovic & Savo Vuckovic,

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia

Planning the Project Activities:

First, every year, we make an “Annual Work Plan" of project activities. Plan is always in line with the “Project application". Examples:

Annual Work Plan 2012

Annual Work Plan 2013

Agreement about the activities

In the development and harmonization of "Annual Work Plan" participate all partner institutions in the project.

By e-mails & via Skype

On workshops

3rd workshop, Belgrade 2013

Project results

- Results in Higher Education - Results in Research - Results in Development and cooperation with entrepreneurships - Results in promotion of the project

Results in Higher Education (2013)

We have determined teaching courses that promote the objectives of the project

We develop new lessons for these courses

New chapters focused on project objectives:

“Agricultural botany”- Phyto-cenology of grasslands

“Domestic animal nutrition”- The principles of conventional and organic nutrition of farm animals

Exchange / mobility of professors and technicians

Belgrade

Banja Luka

Mostar

All partners visited Belgrade University (September 2012, July 2013)

Pristina / K. Mitrovica

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1 PhD theses supported by the project

1. University of Mostar Ph.D. thesis of Leona Puljic under the tittle “Traditional products from Herzegovina”

Leona Puljic

Results in Research

1 Scientific paper resulted from the project

Danijela Petrović, Sven D. Jelaska, Mirjana Sabo “Weed flora row crops in Herzegovina” (Original title: “Korovna flora okopavina Hercegovine”)

Korovna flora okopavina Hercegovine Danijela Petrović1, Sven D. Jelaska2, Mirjana Sabo3

1Sveučilište u Mostaru, Agronomski i prehrambeno-tehnološki fakultet, Biskupa Čule bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosna i Hecegovina, E-mail: danci.petrovic@gmail.com 2Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, Biološki odsjek, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Hrvatska, E-mail: sven.jelaska@biol.pmf.hr 3Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Prehrambeno-tehnološki fakultet Osijek, Katedra za biologiju i mikrobiologiju, F. Kuhača 20, HR-31000 Osijek, Hrvatska, E-mail: mirjana.sabo@ptfos.hr Uvod Korovna flora se i dalje smatra neželjenom s aspekta uzgoja kultura, dok su neki njeni dijelovi danas postali ugroženi i predmetom su istraživanja njihovog sačuvanja. S takvim činjeničnim stanjem, ovo istraživanje ima za cilj bolje poznavanje uvjetovanosti razvoja korovne flore.

Rezultati Na istraživanim lokalitetima zabilježeno je ukupno 50 svojti vaskularne flore. Ukupno je 25 porodica (Slika 1), od čega su 24 porodice iz skupine dvosupnica, a jedna iz skupine monokotiledona. Najbrojnije su porodice Asteraceae (s 10 vrsta) i Poaceae (s 5 vrsta).

Broj snimke Datum uzimanja snimke Općina Lokalitet N E 1. 08.08.2010. Stolac Domanovići 43o05’05,7’’ 17o55’32,1’’

2. 25.07.2010. Stolac Domanovići 43o05’05,7’’ 17o55’32,1’’

3. 18.08.2010. Stolac Opličići- Osmankuša 43o05’05,0’’ 17o55’32,0’’

4. 30.09.2010. Čitluk Potpolje 43o12’31,0’’ 17o32’18,0’’ 5. 30.07. 2010. Čitluk Potpolje 43o12’31,0’’ 17o32’18,0’’ 6. 25.07. 2010. Čitluk Potpolje 43o12’31,8’’ 17o32’18,0’’ 7. 09.08.2010. Čitluk Međugorje 43o12’31,8’’ 17o32’18,0’’ 8. 25.07.2010. Grude Klobuk 43o17’23,7’’ 17o26’16,2’’ 9. 18.08.2010. Grude Klobuk 43o17’23,7’’ 17o26’16,2’’ 10. 08.08.2010. Grude Klobuk 43o17’23,7’’ 17o26’16,2’’ 11. 08.08.2010. Grude Klobuk 43o17’23,7’’ 17o26’16,2’’ 12. 25.07.2010. Grude Grude 43o17’23,0’’ 17o26’16,0’’ 13. 10.08.2010. Grude Grude 43o17’23,0’’ 17o26’16,0’’ 14. 30.09.2010. Široki Brijeg Trn 43o22’41,0’’ 17o33’23,2’’ 15. 10.08.2010. Široki Brijeg Trn 43o22’41,2’’ 17o33’23,5’’

16. 12.08.2010. Čitluk Međugorje 43o12’31,8’’ 17o32’18,0’’ 17. 15.07.2010. Stolac Gorica 43o05’05,7’’ 17o55’32,1’’ 18. 29.09.2011. Stolac Gorica 43o05’05,7’’ 17o55’32,1’’ 19. 30.09.2011. Grude Klobuk 43o17’23,7’’ 17o26’16,2’’ 20. 15.10.2010. Trebinje Agrokop 42o41’17,4’’ 18o19’59,9’’ 21. 11.08.2010. Trebinje Agrokop 42o41’17,4’’ 18o19’59,9’’ 22. 10.08.2011. Trebinje Agrokop 42o41’17,4’’ 18o19’59,9’’ 23. 04.10.2010. Trebinje Agrokop 42o41’17,4’’ 18o19’59,9’’ 24. 08.08.2011. Široki Brijeg Knešpolje 43o22’41,0’’ 17o33’23,5’’ 25. 03.10.2011. Široki Brijeg Široki 43o22’41,0’’ 17o33’23,5’’

Tablica 1. Lokaliteti okopavina na kojima su uzete fitocenološke snimke asocijacije Panico- Portulacetum oleraceae Lozanovski 1962.

Materijali i metode Florističko-fitocenološka istraživanja korovne flore i vegetacije okopavina vršena su u tijeku tri vegetacijske sezone (2009., 2010., 2011. godine), od proljeća do kasne jeseni. Istraživanjem su obuhvaćena 25 lokaliteta (Tablice 1 - 3).

Slika 1. Zastupljenost porodica na istraživanim lokalitetima okopavina

Životni oblik Broj Udio (%)

Terophyta 26 52,00

Geophyta 4 8,00

Hemikryptophyta 19 38,00

Terophyta/ Hemikryptophyta 1 2,00

Ukupno 50 100,00

Tablica 4. Zastupljenost životnih oblika flore istraživanih okopavina

Analizom biološkog spektra asocijacije (Tablica 4) Panico-Portulacetum oleraceae Lozanovski 1962 može se konstatirati terofitsko-hemikriptofitski karakter, s nešto većim sudjelovanjem terofita, a manjim sudjelovanjem hemikriptofita, što je svakako rezultat isključivo mehaničkih mjera kontrole korova bez primjene herbicida.

Lokalitet Dubina (cm)

pH vrijednost Sadržaj

humusa u %

Sadržaj CaCO3

u %

Sadržaj aktivnoga

vapna

Sadržaj fiziološki aktivnog

H2O 1M KCL

P2O5 K2O U mg/100g tla

Domanovići 0-20 8,00 7,40 2,50 30,00 0,00 0,10 6,50 Domanovići 0-20 8,10 7,38 2,74 33,89 0,00 0,00 6,50 Opličići 0-20 6,60 6,00 6,50 0,00 0,00 5,80 22,00 Potpolje 0-20 4,90 4,80 4,20 0,00 0,00 5,10 26,00 Potpolje 0-20 5,60 5,00 5,00 0,00 0,00 4,70 21,00 Potpolje 0-20 5,00 5,00 5,40 0,00 0,00 3,45 20,00 Međugorje 0-20 7,66 7,69 1,10 20,30 14,00 3,10 20,00 Klobuk 0-20 7,97 7,56 0,6 25,95 18,30 0,90 20,43 Klobuk 0-20 7,94 7,65 2,50 19,55 12,00 9,30 25,50 Klobuk 0-20 7,66 7,69 1,10 20,30 14,00 3,10 8,10 Klobuk 0-20 7,32 7,62 2,20 39,00 7,00 0,70 11,80 Grude 0-20 6,50 6,60 2,50 24,40 10,00 3,51 20,75 Grude 0-20 6,89 6,50 2,50 30,00 20,00 3,95 24,50 Trn 0-20 8,00 7,00 2,50 12,00 4,80 15,00 33,50 Trn 0-20 8,09 6,87 0,00 1,57 1,85 17,35 20,50 Međugorje 0-20 7,66 4,60 1,10 20,00 14,00 3,10 18,10 Gorica 0-20 8,52 8,20 0,60 23,25 9,50 4,00 8,65 Gorica 0-20 6,50 6,20 5,00 0,00 4,85 1,00 7,00 Klobuk 0-20 8,00 7,60 2,00 31,25 6,00 0,70 11,25 Agrokop 0-20 6,00 6,51 3,10 21,58 9,65 3,50 20,15 Agrokop 0-20 5,89 6,40 2,50 26,25 20,00 3,85 23,50 Agrokop 0-20 5,90 6,65 3,45 22,50 9,50 2,96 20,75 Agrokop 0-20 5,79 6,43 2,46 31,00 21,10 3,60 25,00 Knešpolje 0-20 6,07 5,20 2,34 30,90 7,10 0,64 6,80 Široki Brijeg 0-20 5,75 6,50 2,00 30,02 20,20 3,80 22,50

Tablica 3. Rezultati analize tla istraživanih lokaliteta okopavina

U areal spektru asocijacije Panico-Portulacetum oleraceae Lozanovski 1962 konstatirano je 7 grupa flornih elemenata (Tablica 5), među kojima dominiraju elementi široke rasprostranjenosti. Kozmopolitskoj grupi flornih elemenata pripadaju 32 biljne vrste. Kozmopolitskoj grupi flornih elemenata, između ostalih, pripada edifikatorska vrsta asocijacije Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., kao i Convolvulus arvensis L. koji ulazi u karakteristični skup asocijacije. Florni element Broj Udio

( %) Mediteranski florni element 2 4,00 Južnoeuropski florni element 1 2,00 Južnoeuropske-mediteranske biljke 1 Srednjoeuropski florni element 2 4,00 Europski florni element 2 4,00 Euroazijski florni element 7 14,00 Biljke široke rasprostranjenosti 32 64,00 Kultivirane i adventivne biljke 4 8,00 Ukupno 50 100,00

Tablica 5. Raspodjela flornih elemenata flore istraživanih okopavina

Zaključak Sastojine asocijacije Panico-Portulacetum oleraceae Lozanovski 1962. u okopavinama Hercegovine izgrađuje 50 korovnih vrsta, što predstavlja izvjesno florističko bogatstvo u odnosu na istoimenu asocijaciju opisanu na drugim lokalitetima. Posebno treba naglasiti zajedničke vrste na svim lokalitetima koje pripadaju karakterističnim vrstama sintaksonomskih jedinica (asocijacije, sveze, reda i klase): Portulaca oleracea L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L. i Solanum nigrum L.

Najčešći tip strategije (Tablica 6) u korovnoj flori je R (28,00%), zatim slijede biljke CR strategije (16,00%).

STRATEGIJA Okopavina %

R 14 28,00 CSR 3 6,00 CR 8 16,00 SR/CSR 1 2,00 C/CSR 2 4,00 CS 1 2,00 CR/CSR 3 6,00 R/SR 2 4,00 C/CR 2 4,00 R/CSR 4 8,00 C 3 6,00 R/CR 6 12,00 S 0 0,00 S/CSR 1 2,00 SR 0 0,00 Ukupno 50 100,00

Tablica 6 Raspodjela C-S-R strategija

Tablica 2. Klimatske značajke istraživanih lokaliteta Lokalitet BIO 1* BIO 2* BIO 3* BIO 4* BIO 5* BIO 6* Domanovići 15,40 30,70 3,00 1377,00 528,00 165,00 Domanovići 15,40 30,70 3,00 1377,00 528,00 165,00 Opličići 15,40 30,70 3,00 1377,00 528,00 165,00 Potpolje 13,90 29,20 1,90 1274,00 479,00 173,00 Potpolje 13,90 29,20 1,90 1274,00 479,00 173,00 Potpolje 13,90 29,20 1,90 1274,00 479,00 173,00 Međugorje 13,90 29,20 1,90 1274,00 479,00 173,00 Klobuk 14,50 29,90 2,40 1233,00 464,00 169,00 Klobuk 14,50 29,90 2,40 1233,00 464,00 169,00 Klobuk 14,50 29,90 2,40 1233,00 464,00 169,00 Klobuk 14,50 29,90 2,40 1233,00 464,00 169,00 Grude 14,50 29,90 2,40 1233,00 464,00 169,00 Grude 14,50 29,90 2,40 1233,00 464,00 169,00 Trn 13,60 29,40 1,10 1279,00 472,00 185,00 Trn 13,60 29,40 1,10 1279,00 472,00 185,00 Međugorje 13,90 29,20 1,90 1274,00 479,00 173,00 Gorica 15,40 30,70 3,00 1377,00 528,00 165,00 Gorica 15,40 30,70 3,00 1377,00 528,00 165,00 Klobuk 14,50 29,90 2,40 1233,00 464,00 169,00 Agrokop 14,40 28,30 2,60 1335,00 517,00 149,00 Agrokop 14,40 28,30 2,60 1335,00 517,00 149,00 Agrokop 14,40 28,30 2,60 1335,00 517,00 149,00 Agrokop 14,40 28,30 2,60 1335,00 517,00 149,00 Knešpolje 13,60 29,40 1,10 1279,00 472,00 185,00 Široki Brijeg 13,60 29,40 1,10 1279,00 472,00 185,00

BIO1 – srednja godišnja temperatura; BIO2 - maksimalna temperatura najtoplijeg mjeseca; BIO3 – najmanja temperatura najhladnijeg mjeseca; BIO4 – godišnja količina oborina (mm) ; BIO5 – oborine najvlažnijeg kvartala ; BIO6 – oborine najsušeg kvartala

Rad je realizovan kao dio projekta “Research, education and knowledge transfer promoting entrepreneurship in sustainable use of pastureland/grazing” Project no.: 09/1548, 332160 U

Results in Development and cooperation with

entrepreneurships

Professor Savo Vuckovic, Professor Slaven Prodanović from the Belgrade University, and Professor Jozo Grbavac from University of Mostar talk about grasslands / pasturelands at the University of Mostar

We organized the expert counseling for the producers

Sensory evaluation of

honey o

Education for

producers

Advertising in local

magazines for farmers

consulting for producers of

traditional cheeses

Traditional cheeses from Herzegovina

Results in promotion of the project

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We have the project website: http://reakt-agriculture.net/

Project banner is set on the websites of the Faculties.

Groups REAKT! was established on social networks:

Facebook – lead by the University of Belgrade

Tweeter – lead by the University of Mostar

On the bulletin board of the Faculty are set information & leaflets about the project.

Project’s WEB LOGO

26

Project’s website

http://reakt-agriculture.net/

Twiter Tweeter

lead by the University of

Mostar

Interviews about the project given to media

Dr Savo Vuckovic to “BH” television

Dr Slaven Prodanovic to “BH” television, Mostar, Sep 2013

Thank you