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THE NURSING ROLE DURING COMPLICATION OF PREGNANCY, BIRTH OR THE POSTPARTAL PERIOD

WOMAN W/

THALASSEMIA

Are group of autosomal recessively inherited blood disorders that lead to poor

hemoglobin formation and severe anemia.

Thalassemia *Occur most frequently in Mediterranean, African, and Asian populations.

*symptoms first appear on childhood

Folic acid

supplementation and

blood transfusion

Treatment for causes on combating anemia such as_.

Malaria -It is a protozoan infection transmitted to people by Anopheles mosquitos.

-The infection causes red blood cells to stick to the surfaces of the capillaries causing

obstruction to the vessels.

-This can result in organ anoxia when blood cannot reach to the organs.

12-14 days Incubation period for most occurring type.

Fever, malaise, and

headache

Most noticeable symptoms in malaria.

Thrombocytopenia,

anemia, and renal

failure

If not treated,_ may occur.

Wearing clothes, insect

repellant, mosquito

nets, keeping windows

closed

Prevention of malaria.

Chloroquine Drug of choice during pregnancy for treatment of malaria.

Sulfadoxine

pyremethamine

It may be administered during the last trimester.

Quinine, malarone,

tetracycline

Should not be used at any point of pregnancy or with woman who are breastfeeding.

Anti-malarial therapy May reduce the incidence of low birth weight and preterm birth.

A WOMAN WITH UTI Manifested by frequent and pain on urination.

Pyelonephritis(infection

of the pelvis of thekidney)

Asymptomatic infection are potentially dangerous because they can progress to_

Vesicoureteral

reflux(backflow of urine

into the uterus)

Woman with_ tend to develop UTI OR PYELONEPHRITIS.

E. CHOLI The organism most commonly responsible for UTI.

Genital tract If the infectious organism is determined to be Streptococcus B. vaginal culture should be

obtained because_ associated with pneumonia.

Nausea, vomiting,

malaise, pain,

frequency of urination

A woman may have accompanying_.

100,000 organisms /mlof urine

A level of diagnostic of infection

Amoxicillin, ampicillin,

cephalosporin

These are effective against most organism causing.

Sulfonamides It can be used early in pregnancy but not near term because they can interfere with

protein-binding

Tetracycline It is contraindicated in pregnancy because they can cause retardation of bone growth and

staining of fetal teeth.

A WOMAN WITH

CHRONIC RENAL

DISEASE

Females with chronic renal disease did not reach childbearing age or were advised not to

have children because of high risk- pregnancy.

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Severe anemia Women with this disease may develop_, because their diseased kidneys do not produce

erythropoietin. Necessary for RBC formation.

Elevated BP Many women with this disease have_.

corticosteroid Woman with this disease may take_ for maintenance.

Heparin It is safe during pregnancy.

A WOMAN WITH ACUTE

NASOPHARYNGITIS

Tends to be more severe during pregnancy than that other times because during

pregnancy, estrogenstimulation normally causes some degree of nasal congestion.

Aspirin It should be avoided as cold remedy because of possible interference with blood clotting in

both mother and fetus.A WOMAN WITH

INFLUENZA

It is causes by a virus, identified as type A, B, or C

High fever, extreme

prostration, aching pain

in the back and

extremities, and a sore,

raw throat

The disease spread in epidemic form is accompanied by_

A WOMAN WITH

PNEUMONIA

It is a bacterial or viral invasion of the lung tissue by pathogens such asS. pneumonia,

Haemophilus influenza, and Mycoplasma pneumonia.

WOMAN W/ SEVERE

ACUTE RESPIRATORYSYNDROME (SARS)

It is a newly emerged infectious disease with the clinical symptoms of persistent chills,

muscle aches, malaise, dry cough, headache, and dyspnea.

Decreased lymphocytes

and platelet count

Common laboratory findings for SARS.

Coronavirus It has been identified as the pathogen responsible for the illness, which appears to be

originated from CHINA.

Droplet transmission SARS spreads by close person-to-person contact via_.

2-10 days Incubation period of SARS.

Intravenous antibiotics Therapy is vigorous with_.

Spontaneous

miscarriage, preterm

birth, intrauterinegrowth restriction.

SARS during pregnancy creates such an illness that is associated with high incidence of_.

A WOMAN WITH

ASTHMA

it is a disorder marked by reversible airflow obstruction, airway hyperreactivity, and

airway inflammation.

inhaled allergen, such

as pollen and cigarette

Symptoms of asthma.

Asthma Potential of reducing the oxygen supply to a fetus leading to preterm birth or fetal growth

restriction.

Inhaled corticosteroid

beclomethasone and

budesonide

Are commonly used by woman with persistent asthma

Terbutaline, albuterol Beta-adrenergic agonists may be taken safely during pregnancy.

A WOMAN WITH

TUBERCULOSIS

It is a disease that should have been eradicated in view of the effective treatment

available.

It is one of the leading causes of death.

Mycobacterium

tuberculosis

Lung tissue is invaded by_, an acid fast bacillus.

Mantoux test Positive response to_

Chronic cough

Weight loss

Hemoptysis

Night sweats

Symptoms of TB.

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Low grade

A WOMAN WITH COPD Is the constriction of airways associated most often with long-term cigarette smoking.

35-40 years of age of pregnancy

A WOMAN WITH CYSTIC

FIBROSIS

It is a recessively inherited disease in which there is generalized dysfunction of the

exocrine glands.

Dysfunction leads to mucous secretions, particularly in pancreas and lungs.

Sterile Men with cystic fibrosis are_ because of their semen is so thick that sperm cannot be

motile.

Lessened Fertility may be_ in women with the disorder because sperm cannot migrate throughviscid cervical mucous.

Chronic respiratory

infection and

overinflation

Person with disease may develop symptoms with_.

Pancrelipase(pancrease) Therapy to illness consists of_, to supplement pancreatic enzymes.

RHEUMATIC DISORDERS AND PREGNANCY

A WOMAN WITH

RHEUMATOID

ARTHRITIS

(Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis), a disease of connective with joint inflammation of

contracture, is most likely the result of an auto immune response.

Synovial membrane destruction.

Corticosteroids and

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

drugs(NSAIDS)

DRUGS to prevent joint pain and loss of mobility.

Salicylates Large amounts of_ may lead to increased bleeding at birth or prolonged pregnancy.

A WOMAN

WITHSYSTEMIC LUPUS

ERYTHEMATOSUS

(SLE) it is a multisystem chronic disease of connective tissue that can occur with woman of

childbearing age.

Widespread degeneration of connective tissue especially the heart, kidneys, blood vessels,

spleen, skin, and retroperitoneal tissue)

Corticosteroids

NSAIDs

Heparin

Salicylates

The naturally increased circulation of_ during pregnancy may lessen symptoms in some

woman.

2 weeks Women are asked to decrease salicylate use about_ weeks prior to their anticipated birth

to reduce the possibility of bleeding in newborn.

GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS AND PREGNANCY

A WOMAN WITH

APPENDICITIS

It is the inflammation of the appendix.

Sharp, peristaltic lower right quadrant pain of acute appendicitis.

A WOMAN WITH

GASTROESOPHAGEAL

REFLUX DISEASE OR

HIATAL HERNIA

(GERD) refers to the reflux of the acid stomach secretions into the esophagus.

Hiatal hernia It is a condition in which portion of the stomach extends and protrudes up to the

diaphragm into the chest cavity, trapping the stomach acid and causing it to reflux into the

esophagus.

Heartburn

Gastric regurgitation

Dysphagia

Possible weight loss

Hematemesis(vomiting

of blood

Symptoms include:

Antacids In most women, will relieve the pain

A WOMAN WITH

CHOLECYSTISIS AND

Gall bladder inflammation(Cholecystisis)

gallstone formation(Cholelithiasis)

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CHOLELITHIASIS These are frequently associated with women older than 40, obesity multiparity, and

ingestion of high-fat diet.

constant aching and

pressure in the right

epigastrium, with

jaundice

Symptoms are:

Cholesterol Gallstones are formed from_.

A WOMAN WITH

PANCREATITIS

Inflammation of the pancreas.

WOMAN WITH

HEPATITIS

It is a liver disease that may occur from invasion of the A,B,C,D, and E virus.

Hepatitis A Spread mainly by fecal-oral contact.

2-6 weeks Incubation period.

Prophylactic gamma

globulin

Prevent disease after exposure.

Hepatitis B and C These are spread by exposure to contaminated blood or blood products.

Hepatitis D and E Spread as the same as hepatitis B but rare in pregnant women.

A WOMAN WITH

INFLAMMATORY

VOWEL DISEASE

Crohns disease( inflammation of the terminal ileus)

Ulcerative colitis(inflammation of the distal colon)

These occur most often in young adults between ages 12and 30 years old and so are seenin pregnancy.

Shallow ulcers Both diseases, the bowel develops _.

Chronic diarrhea

Weight loss

Occult blood in stool

And nausea and

vomiting`

Woman may experiences_

Obstruction and fistula

formation

If extreme occurs,_may happen.

Malabsorption

, particularly vitamin B

With Crohns disease_occur.