the objective is to learn the art of living with hazards protecting urban infrastructures from...
TRANSCRIPT
THE OBJECTIVE IS TO LEARN THE ART OF LIVING WITH HAZARDS
PROTECTING URBAN INFRASTRUCTURES FROM NATURAL HAZARDS
HAZARD-SAFE URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
Organized by Ministry of Urban Development and National Institute of Disaster Management
NEW DELHI, INDIA, 9TH JUNE 2010
Dr. P K DASConsultant UNDP
WE MUST KNOW THE TYPES AND INTENSITIES OF HAZARDS OF OUR PLACE OF LIVING
• HAZARD VULNERABILITY DISASTERS
• URBAN AREAS ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DISASTERS
– DUE TO THE CONCENTRATION OF POPULATION – DEVELOPMENT WITHOUT DUE CONSIDERATION TO HAZARDS– NON COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODES– INADEQUATE INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS– GENERAL LACK OF AWARENESS, PEOPLE NEED TO BE INFORMED CLIENTS
WHILE BUYING APARTMENTS OR HOUSES– AND …..
STRONG POLITICAL WILL
PREMISE OF THIS SESSION
`
HAZARD
CAPACITY +
AWARENESS IN
FRA
STRUCT
URE“MINIMIZE
VULNERABILITY”
Out of many issues- the three most important ones have been adopted in this session
MDGs CLIMATE RISKS
MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Depleted livelihood assets, reduced economic growth, and undermined food security.
MDG 2: Achieve universal primary education
Reduced ability of children to participate in full-time education
MDG 3: Promote gender equality andempower women
Additional burdens on women's health
MDGs 4, 5 and 6: Reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases availability of potable water.
Greater prevalence of vector- and waterborne diseases,
MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Negatively impacted natural resources and productive ecosystems
Commitment to Hyogo Framework
MAINTAIN for at least 50 years
LIFE CYCLE OF A BUILDING
Planning, design & implementation
Replace /revitalise
Implementation
Backward linkage- scope for community involvement and employment generation in new construction
Forward linkage- continuous scope for community involvement, upgrade facilities, prolong building life, improved skills, maintain high quality learning environment and employment generation
MAINTAIN for at least 50 years
LIFE CYCLE OF A BUILDING
Planning, design & implementation
Replace /revitalise
Implementation
Backward linkage- scope for community involvement and employment generation in new construction
Forward linkage- continuous scope for community involvement, upgrade facilities, prolong building life, improved skills, maintain high quality learning environment and employment generation
Collapse due to poor quality/ and non-compliance with the
disaster-safety features
FOR SUSTAINABILITYMAKE SURE THAT THE DEVELOPED INFRASTRUCTURE
LIVES UPTO THE DESIGNED LIFE SPAN
IN URBAN AREAS WE NEED TO HAVE PREPAREDNESS FOR DISASTER-SAFETY IN:
1. New Construction
2. Retrofitting of existing buildings
3. Temporary or intermediate construction in the immediate aftermath of a disaster.
4. Repairs, rehabilitation, reconstruction and retrofitting for damaged buildings.
WE BEGIN WITH HAZARDS FIRST
Vulnerability
• The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damage due to a hazard.
• Examples may include poor design and construction of buildings,
Hazard A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause
loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
Hazards arise from a variety of geological, meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources,
.
`
HAZARD
CAPACITY +
AWARENESS IN
FRA
STRUCT
URE
“MINIMIZE VULNERABILITY”
LETS REITERATE THE QUESTIONDO WE KNOW THE HAZARD SITUATION OF THE PLACE WHERE WE ARE LIVING?
MYANMAR
DISTRIBUTION OF FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS OF BANGLADESH
Max flood depth 0.4 m
Max flood depth 0.9 m
Max flood depth 1.8 m
Max flood depth 3m
Max flood depth > 3m
AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT CAN HAPPEN WITH INADEQUATE PREPAREDNESS
about 850 USD per affected child in the 12 SIDR damaged districts of Bangladesh-
Cost of Response: Super cyclone SIDR, Bangladesh, 15th November, 2007
MHZ 1a & 1b
MHZ 2a
MHZ 1b
MHZ 2c
MHZ 2b
MHZ 2d
MHZ 2e
MHZ 3a
MHZ 3b
MHZ 3c
MHZ 3d
MHZ 3d
MHZ 1a highest seismic zone flood prone Z=0.25
MHZ 1b Highest seismic zone Z= 0.25
MHZ 2a Cyclone high risk area, surge height > 1m, seismic zone II Z= 0.075
MHZ 2b Cyclone risk are , surge height < 1m, seismic zone II Z= 0.075
MHZ 2c high wind area. No surge, seismic zone II Z= 0.075
MHZ 2d seismic zone II Z= 0.075
Flood area
MHZ 2e Seismic zone II Z= 0.075
MHZ 3a Cyclone high risk area surge height > 1m, seismic zone II Z= 0.15MHZ 3b high wind area. No surge, seismic zone II Z= 0.15MHZ 3c seismic zone II Z= 0.15Flood areaMHZ 3d Seismic zone II Z= 0.15
BNBC 1993:6-53
Multi hazard map Bangladesh
MULTI-HAZARD MAP: EXAMPLE ORISSASOURCE:UNDP, NEW DELHI
MULTI-HAZARDS: IN MALDIVESLHAVYANIHinnavaruRAA Ungufaru
LAAMU Gan
GAAF DALUThinnadhoo
OCCURRENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE RELATED HAZARDS : MALDIVES
• PVA OUTPUT
INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED VULNERABILITIES: MALDIVES: UNISDR, 2008
High risk pre+primary
57.67%
High risk secondary + HS
28.46%
Less risk A+B , 13.87 %
86% school children live in high and very high infrastructure vulnerability
SUMMARY: HAZARDS
• Invest on knowing hazards at local level
• Develop multi hazard map/ Micro Zoning
• Make an audit of population concentration in different hazard zones
• Land use plan according to the hazards
• Transform the MH map to a decision making format
• Make this accessible to the people
• Use mass media for campaign
`
HAZARD
CAPACITY +
AWARENESS IN
FRA
STRUCT
URE
“MINIMIZE VULNERABILITY”
LET US NOW LOOK AT THE ISSUE OF INFRASTRUCTURE
`
HAZARD
CAPACITY +
AWARENESS IN
FRA
STRUCT
URE“MINIMIZE
VULNERABILITY”
• Infrastructure is the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise,
• This refers to roads, water supply, sewers, power grids, telecommunications,
– In some contexts, it may also include basic social services such as schools and hospitals.
TYPES OF INFRASTRUCTURE
• UNDERGROUND• Water distribution• Sewerage network• Metro rail
• SURFACE• Roads
• SUPERSTRUCTURE• School• Hospital• OH water tank• Electrical power station• Communication tower• Heritage buildings
Vulnerability of infrastructure depends upon
• BUILDING TYPE • SOIL TYPE• LEVEL OF CONGESTION OF
STRUCTURES• ACCESS ROAD WIDTH• DEGREE OF MAINTENANCE AND AGE• POPULATION DENSITY• TIME • AND ……….
INTERVENTIONS THAT MAY TAKE PLACE
• Town/city level– Perspective plan– Land-use plan
• Neighbourhood level– Road width FAR/FSI– Layout
• Building level– Bye laws– Building approval process– Maintain an ASSET REGISTER and continuous
monitoring of physical conditions of the existing infrastructure
– Additions and alterations restrictions
EXAMINE THEM IN THE LIGHT OF THE LATEST CODES FOR SAFETY OF
INFRASTRUCTURE-
THEY HAVE CHANGED CONSIDERABLY OVER THE YEARS
ZONING OF ANJAR ACCORDING TO SBC AND GEOLOGICAL
STRATAREDEVELOPMENT PLAN 2001-2002
RETROFITTING
• RETROFITTING IS UPGRADING THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE TO MEET THE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OF THE LATEST CODES
RETROFITTING NEED CAN BE DUE TO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING REASONS
• Infrastructure not designed as per the codes
• Upgrading of codes
• Upgrading of seismic zone
• Deterioration of strength on aging of the structure
• Modification of the existing structures affecting its strength adversely
• Change in the use of the building
RETROFITTING IS LIKE AN INDIAN SADHU
RETROFITTING
NON STRUCTURAL MITIGATION
Brok
en c
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r wat
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ipe
for h
ot w
ater
wel
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men
t pe
rfor
med
wel
l: Sa
ntiag
o
Man
y su
spen
ded
air h
andl
ing
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fell
dow
n
Hos
pita
l shu
tdow
n pr
imar
ily
due
to n
onst
ruct
ural
dam
age
February 27th 2010 Maule, Chile Earthquake
SUMMARY: INFRASTRUCTURE
• Make sure that the design and construction comply with BIS codes
• Promote the culture of periodic maintenance
• Mechanism for examining safety of existing buildings- computerized asset register
• Monitor additions and alterations and change of use
• Retrofitting requirements• Non structural mitigation• And ……
`
HAZARD
CAPACITY +
AWARENESS IN
FRA
STRUCT
URE
“MINIMIZE VULNERABILITY”
CAPACITY AND AWARENESS• CAPACITY
• Architecture and engineering colleges
• Government and municipal engineers architects
• Professional architects and engineers
• Construction workers• Supervisors• contractors
• AWARENESS• General people
through mass media• Administrators• And…
`
HAZARD
CAPACITY +
AWARENESS
INFR
A ST
RUCTURE
“MINIMIZE VULNERABILITY”
SUMMARY: AWARENESS AND CAPACITY BUILDING
• For Zone IV and V architects and engineers should have certificate of special training
• Encourage trained construction workers of different trades- incentives for the contractors who employ such people
• Contractors to have certificates to practice in Zone IV and V for important buildings
• People are informed clients
• Information Cell for general public on hazard safety especially non-structural mitigation
• Special capacity on retrofitting requirements for the Municipal Engineers
• And …..
`
HAZARD
CAPACITY +
AWARENESS
INFR
A ST
RUCTURE
“MINIMIZE VULNERABILITY”
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENTATION
THE WORKSHOP
HAZARD-SAFE URBAN
INFRASTRUCTURE
HAZARDS
CAPACITY &
AWARENESS
INFR
ASTRU
CTURE
REDUCE VULNERABILITY
Hyogo Framework: Integrated With Development Planning
• WHAT IS AVAILABLE• WHERE ARE THE GAPS• EXPLORE GOOD EXAMPLES• ESTIMATE COST• PRIORITIZE AND PREPARE A
TIME BOUND ACTION PLAN• MONITORING &
EVALUATION SYSTEM IN PLACE
• REDRESS PERIODICALLY• A TASK FORCE +INTERFACE
WITH UNIVERSITIES
The summaries of observations
HAZ
ARD
To building level
From town/city planning
BY BEING PROACTIVE - KNOW YOUR HAZARDS- SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE- ENHANCE CAPACITY AND AWARENESS
WE CAN ACHIEVE THE ART OF LIVING WITH HAZARDS