The Ocean-Atmosphere Connection, The Ocean-Atmosphere Connection, Stirring Up The Deep Geosc040, Lecture 10 Feb 11, 2016 James Bay - Hold Back The River Thanks to Jennifer A., Kirk M, & Hannah R. Down By the Seaside - Led Zeppelin Dirty Heads - Cabin By the Sea The River Bruce Springsteen On-line Assignment 5 due today Homework 2 due Feb 23. Two attempts with limited review. Todays reading is so cool my head is spinning Satellite based views of ocean circulationSatellite based views of ocean circulation Required viewing The Sea Around Us My Job in Geosc Thomas CLASS Wait for clicker questions Help is on the way! The Ocean- Atmosphere Connection, Winds & Surface Currents In 4 easy pieces: Heating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis, ThermoHaline Circulation in 4 easy pieces: Heating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis, Ocean Circulation Trujillo & Thurman, Fig 7A Ocean Circulation Trujillo & Thurman, Fig 7.3 Trujillo & Thurman, Fig 7.4 ThermoHaline Circulation Heating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis Trujillo & Thurman, Fig 7.5 ThermoHaline CirculationHeating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis ThermoHaline Circulation Heating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis The Sea Around Us The North Pacific Gyre is the home of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. https://sites.google.com/site/greatpacificgyre/ The North Pacific Gyre is the home of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. https://sites.google.com/site/gre atpacificgyre/https://sites.google.com/site/gre atpacificgyre/ Have you seen the TED lecture? How the oceans can clean themselves: Boyan Slat at TEDxDelf Coriolis Considerations Think about inertia! The Gulf Stream is an example of a Western Boundary Current formed in this way So is the E. Australian Current WBC EBC Gyres and Sea-surface Topography The Hill is a balance between Coriolis and Pressure Todays in-class iClicker exercises: A)Full credit if you answer 75% or more of the questions B) If there are 10 questions and you answer at least 8 of them youll get full credit for today (100%) C) If you answer the question correctly youll get a bonus point, up to a maximum of 105% for todays in-class exercise D) All of the above (this is the correct answer, choose D!) The Coriolis Effect L H H H H Southern Hemisphere The Coriolis Effect L H H H H Southern Hemisphere L H H H H L H H H H Coriolis Coriolis acceleration a c where is the angular velocity (magnitude equal to the rotation rate ) and v is the velocity of the object in the rotating systemangular velocity The Coriolis acceleration may be multiplied by the mass of the relevant object to produce the Coriolis force: F c = m a c See: Variation of Coriolis with latitude causes differences between Eastern and Western Boundary Currents Coriolis acceleration a c occurs to bodies in a rotating system. The Coriolis acceleration may be multiplied by the mass of the relevant object to produce the Coriolis force: F c = m a c North Atlantic Gyre Effect of winds and coriolis Variation of Coriolis with latitude causes differences between Eastern and Western Boundary Currents The Coriolis Effect Coriolis : Impacts atmospheric circulation and ocean currents Global patterns of wind along with Coriolis forcing, explain the basic pattern of large-scale ocean surface currents: The Gyres Blue arrows show local wind direction at the sea surface yellow arrows show local current direction of ocean surface Ocean currents form large GYRES These are a product of: 1.Wind direction 2.the Coriolis effect, 3.Ekman spiral effects. The Coriolis Effect L H L H H H H L H H H H L H H H H Southern Hemisphere The Coriolis Effect L H H H H Southern Hemisphere The Coriolis Effect L H H H H Southern Hemisphere The Coriolis Effect L H H H H Southern Hemisphere The Coriolis Effect L H H H H Southern Hemisphere Trujillo & Thurman, Fig 7.5 ThermoHaline CirculationHeating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis ThermoHaline Circulation Heating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis How does heat transport work to produce deepwater circulation? What is the pattern of deepwater movement through the ocean? How long, on average does this passage take? How does heat transport work to produce deepwater circulation? What is the pattern of deepwater movement through the ocean? How long, on average does this passage take? How long does it take to cycle ocean water through rivers and back again? Residence time of water in the ocean Volume = 1.4 x 10 9 km 3 River Influx = 3.7 x 10 5 km 3 /yr t = Volume / Influx 1.4 x 10 9 km x 10 5 km 3 t = 4000 years t = 500 to 2000 years! t = What is the residence time of deep water in the large ocean basins? Global "Thermohaline" Circulation Circulation of ocean water driven by temperature and salinity differences Heat Transfer on Earth: Sensible heat transfer Latent heat transfer OK, warm water flows toward the poles, but How does heat actually get transferred? Wind and Ocean Currents are driven by heat imbalance Heat Transfer on Earth: Sensible heat transfer Latent heat transferRCES/.LEVITUS94/.ANNUAL/fig viewer.html?map.url=a-+.temp+- a+X+Y+fig-+colors+land+-fig