1

The Ocean of Tomorrow

Prof. Dr. Phoebe Koundouri

Director, ReSEES: Research Unit on Socio-Economic and Environmental Sustainability

ATHENS UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS

http://www.aueb.gr/users/koundouri/resees

The Ocean of Tomorrow

European Strategy for Marine and Maritime Research COM (2008) 534

Call FP7-OCEAN-2011: Joining research forces to meet challenges in ocean management

Topic 1: Multi-use offshore platforms (15 million EUR, 3 projects)

(Energy, Environment, Food-Agric.-Fisheries-Biotech., Transport)

… to develop novel innovative designs for multi-use offshore platforms … assess

the technical, economical and environmental feasibility of constructing, installing,

operating, servicing, maintaining and decommissioning, together with the related

transport aspects.

… shall target ocean renewable energy, and in particular offshore wind,

aquaculture and the related transport maritime services.

Policy: Marine Strategy Framework Directive

Initiatives: Blue Growth, Energy 2020

OCEAN.2011-1: Multi-use offshore platforms3 funded projects

Development of a wind- wave power open-sea platform equipped forhydrogen generation with support for multiple users of energy

http://www.h2ocean-project.eu/

Innovative multi-purpose offshore platforms: planning, design and operation

http://www.mermaidproject.eu/

Modular multi-use deep water offshore platform harnessing andservicing Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical marine resources

http://www.troposplatform.eu/

The research and activities performed in the frame of the H2OCEAN project have received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement nº 288145.

www.h2ocean-project.eu

Armando J Palomar, Coordinator ajpalomar@awstruepower.com

DEVELOPMENT OF A WIND-WAVE POWER OPEN-SEA PLATFORM EQUIPPED FOR HYDROGEN GENERATIONWITH SUPPORT FOR MULTIPLE USERS OF ENERGY

Basic data

TITLE: Development of a wind-wave power open-sea platform equipped for hydrogen generation with support for multiple users of energy

OBJECTIVE: To arrive at a proof-of-concept design for a new fully integrated multipurpose platform to make the most of the sea resources, fostering activities such as renewable power harvesting + aquaculture + environmental monitoring, and to assess the impact of such platform at environmental and economical levels.

COST: EUR 6,05 million (EUR 4,53 million EC contribution: 74,9%)

DURATION: 01/01/2012 - 31/12/2014 (3 years, 36 months)

Consortium

18 FLOATING POWER PLANT A/S

Organizations (17): DK (2), ES (6*), GE (2), IT (2), UK (5)SME (10), RTD (6), Large Enterprise (1)

Renewables5 SME, 1 RTD

Rev. Osmosis1 SME, 2 RTD

Hydrogen1 RTD

Aquaculture3 SME

Maritime1 LE, 1 RTD

ICT1 SME, 1 RTD

Consortium

WP4

WP6

WP7

WP5

WP10

WP8

Concept (initial)

H2OCEAN concept ©2011 VirtualPiE Ltd

Energy harvesting

Energy storage H2 generation

Desalination Electrolysis

Aquaculture

Shipping

operations

VAWT + WEC

electricity/hydraulic power

electricity

H2O

wave powerwind powersea water fish eggs feed

O2

fish

H2

fishH2

H2O (Fresh water)

Multi -trophic

INPUT

OUTPUT

Surveillance and security

Radar + monitoring

Logistics and safety

Platform management

Reverse osmosis -

H2OCEAN Process Diagram

Process diagram (initial)

Work packages

WP1 Project Management

WP11 Communication, Dissemination and Exploitation

WP2 Technical and Scientific Coordination

WP6 Energy storage and transport systems

WP7 Autonomous offshore aquaculture system

WP10 Technology integration into platform design

WP5 Offshore hydrogen generation

WP4 Combined harvesting of open sea renewable energy

WP3 Analysis of requirements & development of tools for optimal location

WP8 Logistics, Operations and Safety

WP9 Impact Assessment

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

Distance offshore (operation, maintenance and installation costs):a minimum of 25 km and a maximum of 100 km offshore

Depth (practical, proven and economically feasible mooring solution):a maximum site depth of 100 m

1) An Atlantic site, off the West coast of Portugal offering an energetic wave resource.

2) A North Sea site, off the East coast of Scotland offering an excellent wind resource and infrastructure, with a contrasting aquaculture solution to the other sites.

3) A Mediterranean site, off the West coast of Sardinia with relatively benign wind and wave energy, offering a different multi-trophic solution to the other sites.

A potential fourth tropical site (most likely in the Caribbean) could be considered.

Sites selection

Impact

ENERGY AQUACULTURE

WIND WAVE

HYDROGEN

Fish

Seaweed Urchin

Mollusc

Multi-Trophic System

Foo

d se

curity

Renewable energy consumption & Low carbon economy

Growth of aquaculture industry & Food security

Development of other emerging green technologies

Achievement of European Maritime Policy objectives

The research and activities performed in the frame of the H2OCEAN project have received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement nº 288145.

www.h2ocean-project.eu

Armando J Palomar, Coordinator ajpalomar@awstruepower.com

DEVELOPMENT OF A WIND-WAVE POWER OPEN-SEA PLATFORM EQUIPPED FOR HYDROGEN GENERATIONWITH SUPPORT FOR MULTIPLE USERS OF ENERGY

MERMAID: Innovative multi-purpose offshore platforms:

planning, Design and operation (2012-2015)

http://www.mermaidproject.eu/

FP7-OCEAN-2011, OCEAN.2011-1: Multi-use offshore platforms

Total budget is 7.4 million Euro

EC contribution is 5.5 million Euro

Project Coordinator: Prof. Damgaard Christensen, Erik

www.mek.dtu.dk/English/Service/Phonebook.aspx?lg=showcommon

&id=349&type=person,

14MERMAID

Focus on specific challenges in:• Baltic Sea, representing a typical estuarine area with fresh water from

rivers and salt water from the North Sea;

• Trans-boundary area of the North Sea-Wadden Sea, representing a typical active morphology site;

• Atlantic Ocean, representing a typical deep water site;

• Mediterranean Sea, representing a typical sheltered deep water site.

15MERMAID

Objectives

Effective Management Procedures:

- Addressing variations in legislation and policies: Institutional Acceptance

-Attraction of developers and investors: Financial Feasibility

- Stakeholder involvement: Socio-economic and Ecological Acceptance

Innovative Technology and Design:

- Integrated concepts for extraction of renewable ocean energy

- Offshore aquaculture technology

- Large scale platform design concepts

- Integration of technologies and services

Sustainable Integration:

- Dynamic and Spatial Environmental and Ecological Sustainability of MUP

- Socio-economic viability of MUP compared to single use

Integration of Management, Technology, Social-economics at 4 contrasting Test Sites:

- Suitable for immediate use.

- Provide tools, techniques and decision support systems that may be applied, tested and validated.

- Use test sites to ensure that MERMAID deliverables are of real value, practicable and usable. 16MERMAID

Work-package structure

• WP1 Project management (DTU, Denmark)

• WP2 Policy,mangement and planning (DLO, Netherlands)

• WP3 Renewable Energy (UC, Spain)

• WP4 Aquaculture (DHI, Denmark)

• WP5 Physical conditions(Deltares, Netherlands)

• WP6 Optimisation of operation andtransport related activities.(STATOIL, Norway)

• WP7 Platform plan, design and integration (UniBo, Italy)

• WP8 Feasability of MUP (AUEB, Greece)

• WP9 Dissimination and outreach (VLIZ, Belgium)

17MERMAID

WP1: Project management

WP2: Assessment of policy management and planning strategies

WP8: Economical, technical and environmental feasibility of multi-use platforms

WP9: Project dissemination & outreach activities

WP

7:

Inn

ova

tive

Pla

tfo

rm

pla

n a

nd

des

ign

Estuarine

Active Morphology

Open deep water

Sheltered deep water

WP

3:

Ren

ewab

le e

ner

gy c

on

vers

ion

fr

om

win

d a

nd

wav

es

WP

4:

Syst

ems

for

sust

ain

able

aq

ua-

cult

ure

an

d e

colo

gica

l bas

ed d

esig

n

WP

5:

Sin

tera

ctio

n o

f p

latf

orm

wit

h

hyd

rod

ynam

ic c

on

dit

ion

s an

d s

eab

ed

WP

6:

Tran

spo

rt a

nd

op

tim

izat

ion

of

inst

alla

tio

n, o

per

atio

n, a

nd

dec

om

.

Participants

• 28 Participants:

• 11 Universities

• 8 Research institutes

• 5 Industries

• 4 SME’s

18MERMAID

The MERMAID MUP assessment tool (MUP.AT)http://www.madgik.di.uoa.gr/mermaid/?q=datasets

AIMS:

1. Select CS-specific MUP design

2. Identify Cost /Benefits of MUP design

3. Integrate Cost/Benefits in CBA

ASSESSMENT PROCESS AND CRITERIA:

1. Technical Feasibility Assessment (TFA)

2. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

3. Financial and Economic Assessment (FEA)

4. Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA)

MERMAID 19

Baltic Sea

MERMAID 20

TFA

• Technically feasible

• Potential combined use

Risks

• New political skepticism on

the climate change and

benefits from using

renewable energies (all)

EIA

• EIA is available (single

use, wind farm)

• Wind farm aquacultural

Risks

• No risks identified at this

stage

FEA

• Enough F&E Information

Risks

• Sensitivity to changes of

output/input prices

• Difficulty in time horizon

and interest rate definition

SCBA

• Some monetary

evaluation of externalities

(TEEB)

Risks

• Uncertainty and missing

information of external

effects and perception

formation

North and Wadden Sea

MERMAID 21

TFA

• Technically feasible

• Potential combined use

Risks

• Revenues are depended on

oil and energy prices

• Aquaculture needs market

development

EIA

• EIA on wind

Risks

• No risks identified at this

stage

FEA

• Not enough F&E information

at this stage

Risks

• Not risks identified at this

stage

SCBA

• Not enough information

on SCBA

Risks

• Not risks identified at this

stage

Atlantic Sea

MERMAID 22

TFA

• Technically feasible

• Potential combined use

Risks

• Reliability of technique (WA, EC, AQ)

• Uncertainty about estimates of costs and

revenues (exc. FT)

• Impact diffusion (all)

• Political uncertainty (exc. EC & FT)

EIA

• EIA on sea-energy available

Risks

• Uncertainty about climate

change and other Env.

Parameters (all)

• Non-linear env. effects (AQ

& FT)

• Irreversible env. effects (AQ

& FT)

FEA

• Some F&E Information

• Not enough information on

efficiency prices for inputs and

outputs of the investment

Risks

• Sensitivity to changes of

output/input prices

• Difficulty in time horizon and

interest rate definition

SCBA

• Not enough information

on SCBA

Risks

• Uncertainty and missing

information of external

effects and perception

formation

Mediterranean Sea

MERMAID 23

TFA (Engineers and

Economist)

• Technically feasible

• Potential combined use

(except floating wave)

Risks

• Uncertainty about estimates

of costs and revenues

• Some uncertainty about

reliability of technique

• Political uncertainty

EIA (Ecologists)

• Assessment for some env impacts

• Possibility of significant

environmental impact

Risks

• Uncertainty about climate change

and other env. parameters

• Some non-linear env. effects

• Possible irreversible env. effects

FEA

• Not enough F&E information

at this stage

Risks

• No risks identified at this

stage

SCBA

• Not enough information

on SCBA

Risks

• No risks identified at this

stage

MERMAID: Innovative multi-purpose offshore platforms:

planning, Design and operation (2012-2015)

http://www.mermaidproject.eu/

FP7-OCEAN-2011, OCEAN.2011-1: Multi-use offshore platforms

Total budget is 7.4 million Euro

EC contribution is 5.5 million Euro

Project Coordinator: Prof. Damgaard Christensen, Erik

www.mek.dtu.dk/English/Service/Phonebook.aspx?lg=showcommon

&id=349&type=person,

24MERMAID

Modular Multi-use Deep Water Offshore Platform Harnessing and ServicingMediterranean, Subtropical and Tropical Marine and Maritime Resources

TROPOS

International Conference on

Project

2nd

Research InfrastructuresMegaron Athens2nd – 4th April 2014

Joaquín Hernández BritoTROPOS Project Coordinator

atform.eu/

OCEAN.2011-1: Multi-use offshore platforms3 funded projects

Development of a wind- wave power open-sea platform equipped forhydrogen generation with support for multiple users of energy

http://www.h2ocean-project.eu/

Innovative multi-purpose offshore platforms: planning, design and operation

http://www.mermaidproject.eu/

Modular multi-use deep water offshore platform harnessing andservicing Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical marine resources

http://www.tropospl

Vision

Deep waters

Floating device

Modular approach

Cost efficiency

Easy logistics

Customizable

TEAL approach

Objectives

Determine ideal locations for multi-use offshore platforms intropical, subtropical and Mediterranean regions.

Research integration renewable energies (wind), offshore

aquaculture, maritime transport and recreational activities.

Develop an innovative design for a Multi-use Offshore

Platform that enables the integration of these activities.

Study the new platform’s logistical requirements: security,

installation, operation, maintenance, etc.

Asses the economic feasibility and viability

Develop environmental impact methodology and assessment.

Configure THREE COMPLETE SOLUTIONS:

Mediterranean, Subtropical and Tropical scenarios.

Main DeliverablesThe main scientific and technological results/deliverables of theproject include:

• A map of optimal areas of installation drawn from acomprehensive geographic information framework.

A novel design of a modular off-shore platform with•integrated technologies and services including: wind and

andocean energy, aquaculture, maritime transport, tourismocean environmental monitoring.

A comprehensive viability strategy.•

• A comprehensive environmental impact methodology andassessment.

Complete Design Specification of 3 systems.•

Work Packages

WP number WP title

WP1 Project Management

Geographic and Module Benchmarking and DecisionMethodology

WP2

Conceptual Design of Platform Components andIntegration

WP3

Engineering Specification for ChosenPlatform Designs

WP4

WP5 Strategy: Economics, Infrastructure and Logistics

WP6 Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact, Legal Issues

Communication, Dissemination andTechnology Transfer

WP7

WP8 Scientific and Technical Coordination

(based on semesters)

BACKGROUND –TROPOS Progress

Management stagesPROGRESS

23 sent deliverables 13 deliverables to be sent

02/04/14

WPs 1 2 3 4 5 6WP1

WP2

WP3

WP4

WP5

WP6

WP7

WP8M1-M6 M7-M12 M12-M18 M19-M24 M25-M30 M31-M36

TROPOS CONSORTIUM

••

•

•

•

•

1 Public Consortium1 Association7 Universities3 Research Orgs.4 Enterprises4 SMEs

TROPOS TEAL COMPONENTS

TROPOS LOCATIONS

GIS Tool to decide TROPOS locations

3 platform configurations combining the TEAL Components (Conceptual Designs)

Green & Blue Concept

Green & Blue Concept

•

•

•

•

Floating offshore platform infrastructure

Based on Energy and Aquaculture components

To avoid industrial activities which might compromise the water quality

Two main sub-concepts1.

2.

Fish aquaculture plus floating offshore wind and wave

OTEC plus aquaculture, “sea ranching”

(April)

Sustainable Production Concept

Sustainable Production Concept

•

•

•

Modular industrial type of a far offshore infrastructure

Focused on transport and its energy related aspects

Large floating offshore port with dedicated infrastructure

Repair and maintenance of large ships, floating docks

Support the offshore mining industry

Offshore terminal for handling of dangerous goods such as oil and gas

Accommodation for these industries work forces

Fuel supply to ships, fresh water and food

Leisure IslandLeisure Island Concept

Leisure Island Concept

•

•

•

•

Floating platform moored not very far away from the coast

Not-self propelled platform with catenary mooring

Focused on leisure, looking for synergies with energy, aquaculture and transport

Formed by 5 modules

Visitors Centre

Food&Beverage

Accomodation

Nautical Activities Marina

Safety & Security and Environmental Monitoring

Central Unit

Small Waterplane AreaTwin Hull (SWATH)

Smallknown

design

Waterplane Area Twin Hull, better

by the acronym SWATH, is a twin-hull

that minimizes hull cross section area at

the sea's surface

Maximizes a vessel's stability, even in high seas

Central Unit Infography

Central Unit 3D (conceptual design, first simulations tests concluded)

Integration with:

Modules (directly connected to Central Unit)

Satellites (indirectly connected to Central Unit)

Central Unit connected with a module Satellite Unit

www.troposplatform.eu

THANK YOU!

H2OCEAN, MERMAID, TROPOS

INTEGRATION WRT:

1. Socio-Economic Analysis

2. Environment Impact Assessment

3. Life Cycle Assessment

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Integrating Socio-Economic Analysis:

1. Socio-economic methodology

2. Framework for socio-economic data collection

3. Data analysis methodology

4. Stakeholder Methodologies

5. Policy Briefs

Why Social Cost Benefit Analysis?

• SCBA is decision support tool to compare in monetary terms benefits and costs of a proposal (project, policy or programme), including:

- financial and economic impacts

- impacts on environmental resources and services that are not owned or traded in the markets.

The methodology applies the standard, best-practice methodology of European Commission CBA: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guides/cost/guide2008_en.pdf

MERMAID 55

Total Economic Value

MERMAID 56

Direct UseValue

Indirect UseValue

Actual useValue

Option Value

Use Value

ExistenceValue

BequestValue

AltruisticValue

For Others

Non-use Value

Total Economic Value

Environment

Structure &

ProcessesEcosystem

ServicesHuman

Benefits

Anthropocentric

Values

Use Non-Use

Values Values

ASSESSMENT PROCESS AND CRITERIA:

1. Technical Feasibility Assessment (TFA)

2. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

3. Financial and Economic Assessment (FEA)

4. Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA)

The Economics of Ecosystem & Biodiversity TEEB

Towards calculating TEV

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005):

i. Provisioning services: products obtained by ecosystems.

ii. Regulating services: benefits arising from regulation of ecosystem

processes such a carbon sequestration, flood protection, erosion control and

waste management.

iii. Cultural services: use and non-use benefits of ecosystems for individuals

such as benefits arising from recreational and educational purposes.

iv. Supporting services: services that are necessary for the production of all

other ecosystem services. These benefits have an effect on human

wellbeing indirectly (through provisioning, regulating or cultural services)

and usually occur in the very long-term.

An example on Marine Resources

MERMAID 58

Risk Analysis, Uncertainty Analysis

Project-Specific Risks :

(i) financial and economic

(ii) natural – environmental

(iii) technological

Sensitivity Analysis: relates proportional changes in the critical variables to NPV/IRR values.

Uncertainty Analysis:Computational algorithm based on random sampling and on assigning specific subjective probability distributions to important cash flow variables.

MERMAID 59

The Figure provides a Monte Carlo histogram for

NPV, which was obtained after 1000 repetitions.

MERMAID 60

Forthcoming Book:

The Ocean of Tomorrow (Vol. I and II): Socio-economic Methodology and Empirical Applications

for Multi-Use Offshore Platforms Investments

Springer Academic Publishers: http://www.springer.com/

Contact details:

Prof. Dr. Phoebe Koundouri

Director of ReSEES, AUEB and LSE

Email: pkoundouri@aueb.gr

Webpage:

http://www.aueb.gr/users/koundouri/resees/

ReSEES: Research Team on Socio-Economic and Environmental

Sustainability

Website: http://www.aueb.gr/users/koundouri/resees/

Director: Professor Dr Phoebe Koundouri

ReSEES Mission Statement:

ReSEES does policy relevant interdisciplinary research on environmental, natural resources

and energy issues. The overreaching goal of ReSEES theoretical and empirical research is to

support the understanding and implementation of Sustainable Development, as the only non-

self-destructive path of socio-economic development.

Research tools will include financial analysis, socio-economic and econometric analysis,

environmental valuation, political and institutional analysis, integrated environmental-

economic modeling, life cycle analysis, risk analysis, geographical information systems,

multi-stakeholder mediations techniques, game theory, information technology decision

making tool development.

ReSEES in numbers (1996-2013):

Total research funding attracted: 20 million euro

Number of collaborating Universities and Research Institutions: 150

Number of collaborating/employed Researchers: 500

Number of published peer-reviewed research papers and books: 250

Geographical distribution of research funding and research implementation:

Europe, US, Latin America, Africa, Asia, Australia.

ReSEES output has influenced policy and attracted mass media coverage all over

the world.