the opposing sides

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Chapter 11 Section 1 The Opposing Sides

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The Opposing Sides. Chapter 11 Section 1. Choosing Sides. Once the Civil War began, hundreds of military officers had to choose to support the Union or Confederacy Robert E. Lee-> one the best officers in the U.S. Army, chose the Confederacy over commanding the Union Army - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: The Opposing Sides

Chapter 11 Section 1

The Opposing Sides

Page 2: The Opposing Sides

Once the Civil War began, hundreds of military officers had to choose to support the Union or ConfederacyRobert E. Lee-> one the best officers in the

U.S. Army, chose the Confederacy over commanding the Union ArmyAbout 1/3 of all officers joined the Confederacy

Choosing Sides

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South contained 7 of 8 military schools = well trained military leaders and a military advantage

North had ¾ of U.S. Navy’s officers, also contained most of U.S. warships and shipyards (South had 1)

Choosing Sides

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Robert E. Lee

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What military advantages did the North and the South have at the start of the Civil War?

Review

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What military advantages did the North and the South have at the start of the Civil War?

One-third of the Union’s military officers resigned and joined the Confederacy. The South had a strong military tradition. Seven of the eight military colleges were in the South, so the South had a large number of trained army officers.

The North had a strong naval tradition. Three-fourths of the U.S. Navy’s officers were from the North. The North had a large pool of trained sailors from merchant ships. Most of the navy’s warships and all but one shipyard were under Union control.

Review

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NorthLarger populationIndustrial: produced all war materials=more than

90% of clothing, 93% of unrefined iron=weapons and equipment, produced majority of firearms and gunpowder

Better transportation: more railroad availabilityFinancial: controlled the National Treasury,

revenue from tariffs, The banks held large reserves of money, could pass legislation to raise funds ex. Legal Tender Act (Greenbacks)

Fighting for just cause

Advantages

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Greenbacks

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Greenbacks

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SouthHad strong military leadershipGood source of food Fighting for just causeOnly had 1 Railroad

Advantages

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How was having a larger population than the South an advantage for the North?

What was a problem with a 1/3 of the South’s population?

In your opinion, what was the North’s greatest advantage?

Review

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SouthIndustrial: limited resources (only one factory

able to manufacture cannons=Tredegar Iron Works),

Transportation: limited railroads ,only had one rail line connecting East to West in Confederacy (Memphis to Chattanooga)

Financial: couldn’t raise sufficient funds for the war effortEventually taxed southerners=very upset

Disadvantages

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In your opinion, which disadvantage was the most crippling for the South?

Review

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As the Civil War began, President Lincoln’s main goal was to preserve the UnionBoth parties were going to challenge his

policies in the processTwo Factions of Northern Democrats:

1. War Democrats->supported the war & opposed ending slavery

2. Peace Democrats (Copperheads)-> opposed war and called for reuniting through negotiation

Party Politics in the North

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Abraham Lincoln

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War Democrats

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Copperheads

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One major disagreement between Democrats and Republicans concerned civil libertiesIn 1862, Congress passed a militia law

requiring states to use conscription (Draft)Many Democrats opposed it

President Lincoln suspended writs of habeas corpus- for anyone who openly supported or encouraged others to resist military draft

Party Politics in the North

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Conscription

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How were Northern Democrats divided over the Civil War?

What was put into place by Congress and eventually caused tensions to rise within the Democratic Party?

Review

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Even though he had no opposition in the South, Jefferson Davis still faced political problemsConfederate Constitution

Emphasized state’s rights and limited central government’s powerOften interfered w/ his ability to conduct war

Jefferson Davis also ran into problems when he supported conscription->enforced by martial lawHis own Vice-President Alexander Stephens

disagreed, objected to forcing people to join the armyDavis eventually also suspended writs of habeas corpus

Weak Southern Government

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Jefferson Davis

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U.S. Civil War put major gov’ts in Europe in a difficult situationU.S. didn’t want European interferenceConfederate leaders wanted the exact

opposite-> especially the BritishWanted British to declare Union blockade illegal

and assist the ConfederatesBritain and France->depended on the South’s cotton

Some Southern planters refused to sell cotton to them unless they recognized the Confederacy

The Diplomatic Challenges

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British and French met with the Conf. in May 1861Neither nation was going to recognize the Conf.

until they witnessed decisive victories in the conflict

Trent Affair -> James Mason (Britain) and John Slidell (France), Conf. ministers to Britain and France, were to leave for EuropeSlipped past the blockade and boarded the British

ship TrentCharles Wilkes Union captain of the San Jacinto

intercepted the ship and arrested Mason and Slidell Were eventually released due the threat of war with Britain

The Diplomatic Challenges

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Trent Affair

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Trent Affair

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Why did the Confederacy want Britain and France to recognize them?

Why did the Union want to avoid war with Britain?

Review Question

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1st Modern WarEconomic and political situation was very

important to outcomeInvolved huge armies->made up mostly of

civilian volunteers Required vast amount of supplies and

equipment

The First “Modern” War

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By 1850’s French and American inventors had improved the new bullet->conoidal->cone shapedMore accurate fire

Troops defended positions using trenches and barricades to protect themselvesCaused deadly situation for attackersLed to high casualties->attrition

Advantage North-> larger pop.

The First “Modern” War

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