the pageantry and heraldry of scotland

thePageantry& HERALDRY

of Scotland

Cathedral Festival Exhibition • 1–31 August 2013

© 2013 • St Mary’s Cathedral, Palmerston Place, Edinburgh All rights reserved.

THE PAGEANTRY AND HERALDRY OF SCOTLAND

Illustrated by two themes

GEORGE IV’S VISIT TO SCOTLAND

And

In partnership with the National Trust for Scotland

THE BANNOCKBURN HERALDIC BANNERS

Catalogue

4 • The Pageantry and Heraldry of Scotland

THE PAGEANTRY AND HERALDRY OF SCOTLAND

Organised by

Henry Steuart Fothringham of Grantully OBE Sandra Marwick Sarah Grotrian Scott McMaster

Manager of the Bannockburn Heritage Centre National Trust for Scotland

With particular help and expert advice from

The Very Revd Dr Graham Forbes CBE

Provost of St Mary’s Cathedral

Mrs CGW Roads, LVOSnawdoun Herald of Arms, Lyon Clerk and Keeper of the Records

Mark Dennis EsqOrmond Pursuivant of Arms Chairman of the Heraldry Society of Scotland

Canon Allan Maclean

Patsy Mair

Anna Beard

Exhibits loaned by

The City of Edinburgh Council The Court of the Lord Lyon The Convenery of the Trades of Edinburgh The Rt. Hon. The Earl of Crawford & Balcarres KT Mr & Mrs Drummond-Murray of Mastrick The Rt Hon the Earl of Erroll, Lord High Constable of Scotland First Saddlery, Rowallan Activity Centre, Fenwick Henry Steuart Fothringham of Grantully OBE The Grotrian Family The Heraldry Society of Scotland Historic Scotland The Incorporation of Goldsmiths The Hon Alexander Lindsay The National Trust for Scotland The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards Museum Scone Palace Mr John Stirling WS St Mary’s Cathedral, Edinburgh The Walker Trust

Production and Printing of Catalogue sponsored by

The St Andrew’s Fund for Scots Heraldry

Photography

Colin Dickson (excepting items 3 & 38)

Design

Oliver Brewer

CATALOGUE • 5

FOREWORD

The Provost of St Mary’s Cathedral

Welcome to the Cathedral and to this wonderful exhibition.

Every summer the Cathedral hosts an exhibition, and this summer’s is probably the best yet! In partnership with the National Trust for Scotland the Bannockburn Heraldic Banners are gracing the Cathedral Nave, bringing both a splash of colour and a reminder of our history. The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh frequently grace Edinburgh with their presence, and indeed The Princess Royal is the Visitor of St Mary’s Cathedral’s Stonemason Workshop, but our exhibition of King George IV’s visit to Scotland takes us back to 19th century Edinburgh and a time when St Mary’s Cathedral was not.

Enjoy this exhibition. Admire the heraldic banners and indeed the work of the National Trust for Scotland all over the country. Find out about Patrick Walker, the Walker sisters, the Walker Trust, and how this Cathedral came to be built.

Finally I pay tribute to all those who made this exhibition actually happen so that we can treasure these parts of our heritage.

—The Very Revd Dr Graham Forbes CBE

6 • The Pageantry and Heraldry of Scotland CATALOGUE • 7

INTRODUCTION: PAGEANTRY AND HERALDRY

Henry Steuart Fothringham

Scotland has been noted for its prominent use of heraldry ever since that science came into general use. Even before the subject became properly organised and regulated, the nobles and minor barons of the kingdom used devices by which they could be recognised in battle. Meanwhile the craftsmen and tradesmen of the various burghs used banners bearing symbols derived from their shop signs for the same purpose and when they paraded in public on feast days and holidays. For example, there are details in the records of the Incorporation of Hammermen of Edinburgh to show that they possessed banners bearing their arms (a Crown above a hammer on a red background) at least as early as 1494. Very probably they would have used this device from the beginning of their existence as an incorporation in about 1477, some six years before they received their first Seal of Cause from the Town Council. They also had banners bearing the image of their patron saint, St Eloi, who also appears on their official incorporation seal. The Hammermen fought under these banners as a body, alongside the other incorporated trades, at the battles of Flodden (1513) and Pinkie (1547). In the former engagement several hammermen were killed; in the latter conflict their Chaplain, who also served as their Clerk, was killed, along with several more freemen masters of the craft. This pattern is typical of the activities of the incorporated trades in those troubled times.

The heraldry connected with the Battle of Bannockburn (1314), which is exhibited on the pillars of the Nave, represents some of the heads of families who took part in that battle on both the Scottish and English sides. Their use of heraldry was not just for show but was a necessary means of identification of the individuals, who were otherwise indistinguishable beneath their suits of armour.

Gradually the art and science of heraldry became regulated and in Scotland came under the jurisdiction of the Lord Lyon King of Arms. This personage is a judge and his rulings are law. No other country in the world has such strict rules about heraldry as Scotland, backed up as they are by the full force of the legal system.

By the time of George IV’s visit to his northern capital in 1822, personal heraldry had ceased to be important in warfare and, by a long evolution from its early days, it had become the subject of ceremonial and pageantry. Thanks to the rigorous control exercised by the Court of the Lord Lyon, no one may adopt or use arms without having them recorded in the Register of all Arms in Scotland; and no two individuals or bodies may bear identical arms. Sir Patrick Walker, who was Usher of the White Rod of Scotland, was passionate about heraldry and all things ceremonial. He played a considerable role in the preparations for the Royal Visit and made sure that he had as prominent a part in it as could be justified by tradition and precedent. It is as a result of his tireless exertions that the Office of Usher was preserved after 1805 and that it resides today in the hands of the Walker Trust. On the subsequent deaths of Sir Patrick Walker’s sisters, the Walker Trust was established to build and endow this Cathedral which is the Mother Church of the Scottish Episcopal Diocese of Edinburgh.


THE USHER OF THE WHITE ROD & THE KING’S VISIT

Sandra Marwick

When George Walker penned his approval of Patrick Walker’s impending acquisition of the Office of Principal Usher in 1805, he wrote—‘Your purchase is certainly a most advantageous one if merely to sell again.’ George had clearly no inkling of how seriously and energetically his younger brother would embrace and embellish the duties of his new role bought on 6 July 1805 through the agency of their father William Walker for £7600 (the equivalent of £245,000 spending power in 2013). The office of ‘Ostiarii regis principalis’ or as Patrick denoted it in 1820—‘his Majesty’s Heritable Principal Usher for Scotland, Usher of the Parliament and Usher of the White Rod’—had a complicated history. Held for many years as a hereditary office, in 1758 the House of Lords confirmed that the office could be sold.

The terms of Patrick Walker’s charter of 1809 repeated those granted by the Crown to his predecessors to be ‘Principal Usher at our Parliaments, General Councils and feasts receiving an allowance for two Esquires and two archers, with the sword-bearers and horses pertaining to the same.’ The salary of £250 and the fees of office were fixed with a scale of amounts to be paid to the Principal Usher by all Scotsmen receiving any honour from his Majesty and all Englishmen receiving such within the kingdom of Scotland. Every creation of an Earl, for example, earned the Usher £180 Scots or £15 sterling; and each Knight £40/£3 6s 8d. As there was never any job description, the duties of the role were open to interpretation, and Sir Patrick (knighted on account of his office in 1814) took a very liberal view, raising eyebrows at some of his claims and conflicting with the Lord Lyon King of Arms over others.

He certainly agreed with Alexander Coutts, first purchaser of the office in 1758, that the duty of the Gentleman Usher of the White Rod in Scotland was ‘to bear the White Rod before the King in all solemn Processions and others wherein His Majesty was present or before his Majesty’s Commissioner since the Union of the Crowns.’ The visit of George IV to Edinburgh in 1822 provided him with several opportunities for enacting this role. His initial attempt to organise the formalities evoked a protest from Lyon whose remit it was. A compromise solution ensued whereby the latter, with the assistance of the Usher of the White Rod, was ordered to prepare the ceremonial to be observed at the public Entry of His Most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth into his city of Edinburgh.

When the King did enter the city, Sir Patrick played his part with dramatic flourish. Following the King’s Landing, the Royal Procession, with Sir Patrick riding in front of the Lord Lyon Depute, progressed along Leith Walk to the temporary ceremonial triumphal arch erected at Picardy Place to mark the supposed entrance to the city. Over the centre of this waved the Union Flag with the City of Edinburgh flag on one side and the ‘old blue blanket of the trades’ on the other. Here the Magistrates of the city awaited their sovereign. There was no precedent for what followed but nonetheless:


When the Procession had proceeded a short way up Leith Walk, the White Rod, supported by Marchmont and Islay Heralds, preceded by two state trumpeters, and attended by two Pursuivants, advanced to give a summons to the city in time to prevent the procession being stopped until the barrier was opened. When within sixty or seventy yards of the barrier, a flourish of trumpets was given—a second at about thirty yards distant and a third when they reached the barrier—Marchmont Herald was here directed to summon the city which he did by giving three knocks on the barrier.1

After a formal exchange between the Herald and the ‘Chamberlain of the city’ who ‘keeps the keys,’ the Herald presented himself to the Lord Provost and declared:

My Lord—I have the honour of announcing to your Lordship the very near approach of our most gracious sovereign King to visit his most loyal and ancient capital of Scotland, and I am commanded to request admittance to the city for himself and retinue. The Lord Provost expressed his readiness to comply with the demand and immediately ordered the gates to be thrown open to admit the King. The Usher of the White Rod took off his hat, and made his obeisance.2

A short ceremony of the presentation and return of the keys ensued, then the cavalcade progressed, amid cheering crowds, to the Palace of Holyroodhouse, where its Hereditary Keeper, the Duke of Hamilton, received the King and where the Usher of the White Rod, among others, ‘had the honour of kissing hands.’

(Sandra Marwick is currently writing a monograph on Sir Patrick Walker.)

1 Scotsman 17 August 1822, Morning Chronicle, 19 August 1822. Robert Mudie in his Historical Account, The Times, 19 August, Norfolk Telegraph, 21 August and Ipswich Journal, 24 August, say that the Depute Lyon King at Arms and the Usher of the White Rod preceded by two Heralds galloped to the gate and after a flourish of trumpets, the Usher knocked three times at the gate. The Scotsman and Caledonian Mercury accounts seem more plausible, being more ceremonial with an appropriate role allocated to the Herald. 2 Caledonian Mercury, 17 August 1822.

CATALOGUE • 9

THE BATTLE OF BANNOCKBURN 1314

Scott McMaster

One of the most important battles to have taken place on Scottish soil, it not only shaped the history of Scotland but continues to influence the thinking of its people to this day. The armies of Robert the Bruce and King Edward II fought this battle on 23 and 24 June, and it became an unlikely victory for Bruce against heavy odds.

By 1313 Bruce had retaken most of the English occupied strongholds in Scotland. Sir Edward Bruce (Robert’s brother) besieged the English at Stirling Castle and entered into a pact with the Castle’s governor. The Castle would be surrendered to the Scots if an English army were unable to relieve it by midsummer 1314.

Although Bruce generally had avoided pitched battles and won his kingdom with hit and run tactics, he now had a year to prepare and choose his ground. It was a golden opportunity for King Edward to meet Robert the Bruce in the field of battle.

Bruce’s preparation for battle was thorough. His force of around 8,500 men blocked the Roman road, a naturally well defended position, against Edward’s approach to Stirling. The veteran Scots had been training for weeks, learning to fight in a mobile schiltrom formation. This was a moving mass of well-trained and determined men each primarily armed with a twelve foot heavy tipped spear. The Scots were split into three divisions under Robert the Bruce, Sir Edward Bruce and Sir Thomas Randolph with 500 light horse under Sir Robert Keith. On June 23 the heavy English cavalry arrived, led by Sir Henry de Bohun, who was immediately killed by a single blow from Bruce’s axe. The English vanguard rode straight at the Scots infantry, but Bruce’s planning paid off, as English horses and men were killed by Bruce’s impenetrable schiltrom. A smaller cavalry force under Sir Robert Clifford and Sir Henry Beaumont rode north to outflank the Scots, but were forced to withdraw by spearmen led by Sir Thomas Randolph at St Ninians.

With English morale now low, Bruce decided to fight at dawn the next day, and moved his divisions to within sight of the English where they knelt in prayer before attacking. The Earl of Gloucester rode out almost alone after a disagreement with Edward, and was immediately killed. The English, though fighting bravely, were unable to withstand the advancing Scots and were pushed back onto their own men.

For King Edward II the day was lost. He was dragged from the battle by Giles d’Argentan. Once he had seen his king to safety, d’Argentan returned to the battle and was killed. King Edward II made for Stirling Castle but was refused entry. Sir James Douglas pursued him to Dunbar where he made his escape by ship to England. Following the retreat of Edward II the English army fled the field.

The battle of Bannockburn secured Robert the Bruce’s kingship, and his chivalric and heroic status has echoed through the centuries. However it was another 14 years before Bruce was recognised as king and Scotland as an independent nation.

(A more detailed account of the Battle by Scott McMaster is available at the Stewards’ Desk.)


1THE BANNOCKBURN HERALDIC BANNERS

The magnificently coloured large scale Bannockburn Heraldic Banners designed by Dr Patrick Barden in the 1980s represent some of the most famous knights who fought at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.

(IN NAVE OF CATHEDRAL) Loaned by the National Trust for Scotland


3SIR PATRICK WALKER Gentleman Usher of the White Rod

Photographic copy of oil painting on canvas by J. G. Gordon

(RESURRECTION CHAPEL) Loaned by the Walker Trust

2. TABLEAU OF SCOTTISH NOBLES

A tableau of Scottish nobles, with attendant Knight

(At foot of South Aisle) Loaned by the National Trust for Scotland


4ROYAL ARMS OF SCOTLAND (c. 1471)

Fibreglass copy of a panel which was once mounted on the boundary wall of Paisley Abbey in Renfrewshire. It is the earliest extant example of the Royal Arms with thistles. For a brief period the Royal Arms were shown in this way without the upper part of the border of fleurs de lys.

(RESURRECTION CHAPEL) Loaned by the Heraldry Society of Scotland

CATALOGUE • 13

5. ARRIVAL OF GEORGE IV AT LEITH DOCKS Thursday, 15 August 1822

Coloured engraving published by Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh.

(Resurrection Chapel) Loaned by Historic Scotland Presently housed at Trinity House, Leith

6. ENTRY TICKET to Watch Arrival at Leith Docks

Ticket with wax seal allowing the bearer a good vantage point to see the event. Photograph of reverse of ticket showing allocation of one bottle of sherry to celebrate the occasion.


7. INVITATION

Invitation to Peter Wood, owner of a whale fishery business in Leith, to attend a reception in the City Chambers on 24 August 1822.


8. SIR PATRICK WALKER’S CHARTER & SEAL

Charter of Resignation, 29 September 1809, confirming Patrick Walker Esq. in the office of Principal Usher of Scotland with all the rights enjoyed by his predecessors in office. Under feudal law when a person purchased lands, or in this case an office, from another vassal of a lord or the king, and when he wished to be placed in precisely the same situation as his predecessor, the vassal had to resign his lands or office into the hands of the feudal superior who re-granted to the new holder. Walker was confirmed in the office of Ostiarii with two gentlemen and two bowmen, their horses and servants, as well as the right to collect a range of fees payable on certain land transactions and when the monarch bestowed honours and titles.

(Resurrection Chapel) Owned by the Walker Trust


9LORD LIEUTENANT’S ADMISSION TICKETto Gallery

This admission ticket, pasted into the back of a book about the 1822 Royal Visit, bears the signature of Sir Patrick Walker.

(RESURRECTION CHAPEL) Loaned by Henry Steuart Fothringham of Grantully

10. PIPE BANNER (c. 1994)

Pipe banner belonging to the late Thomas Grotrian. A Dragon’s Head between Two Wings Expanded Argent. Silver embroidered Dragon with Motto, Animo et Fide (By courage and faith)

(Resurrection Chapel) Loaned by the Grotrian Family

11. OYSTER SILK COURT SHOES AND KID GLOVES

Part of Sir Patrick Walker’s Ceremonial Dress. Presently housed in the National Museum of Scotland.

(Resurrection Chapel) Loaned by the Walker Trust Presently housed in the National Museum of Scotland


12DETAIL OF THE WHITE ROD OF SCOTLAND 1765

John Clark Edinburgh 1765, in three sections, the screw off finial modelled as a unicorn, well cast, gilt chains and bearing the shield of a tressured lion, and motto ‘Nemo me impune lacessit’ on the two sectioned rod with gilt central knop and ball terminal and engraved armorials. This was made for Sir James Cockburn when he bought back the office of Usher in 1766 and probably retrieved by Patrick Walker under a Bill of Discovery and Delivery.

(RESURRECTION CHAPEL) Owned by the Walker Trust Presently housed in the

National Museum of Scotland.


DETAIL OF THE WHITE ROD OF SCOTLAND

(Pictured on front cover.) White rod, with cast finial modelled as a unicorn with gilt details and chains holding a shield with enamelled tressured lion standing on a base with enamel border and motto ‘Nemo me impune lacessit’ and a collar with plain shaft, gilt collars and an enamelled thistle terminal. Royal Arms engraved on the base. Presented in a red leather case made by Rundell, Bridge and Rundell, London. Although Patrick Walker (knighted in 1814) held the office of Gentleman Usher of the White Rod from 1805, he did not receive his insignia until 1817. For the coronation of George IV in 1821, all officers of state received new insignia, with the exception of White Rod—for bureaucratic reasons. An aggrieved Sir Patrick pursued his claim with the Lord Chamberlain. ‘You must be aware how necessary it is that an Issue should be made to me my whole Official equipment having been so much injured during his Majesty’s visit to Scotland as to make them unfit to appear again.’ In 1825 Messrs Rundell, Bridge and Co received directions for: ‘ … a Rod, part silver part gold, arms of Scotland and chased, a gold enamelled Badge, a gold chain collar, 3 roses and Gold Thistle in the centre Morocco cases for ditto.’


National Museum of Scotland

13

CATALOGUE • 17

14THE USHER’S CHAIN OF OFFICE

Neck badge of the Usher of the White Rod by Rundell Bridge and Rundell, London 1825 cast with a moulded outer border and an enamel crown crest supporting a suspension loop and double sided enamel of the Scottish Thistle and St Andrew on the reverse and obverse. Contains the motto ‘Nemo me impune lacessit’ with circular link chain and laurel leaf clasping in original fitted box with trade label.




15THE USHER’S INSIGNIA OF OFFICE 1817

Insignia of office of the Usher of the White Rod by Griffin and Adams, London, of oval form, outer cast border of gold rope enclosing a double sided enamel of a Scottish thistle on the reverse and St. Andrew to the obverse, within white enamel borders and the engraved motto ‘Nemo me impune lacessit’ all contained in original red leather case.


National Museum of Scotland.


16DETAIL OF WHITE ROD’S COURT SWORD

Court sword with gilt metal mounts and chape, a wire bound grip, gilt ribbed knop, cloth and bollion bound guard and tassel and WR in script in the collar. The guard is shell shaped in gilt with an applied silver thistle, but scabbard is distressed and hilt detachable.




TABARDS OF PRIVATE PURSUIVANTS OF ARMSIn mediaeval times great families could employ Officers of Arms who were independent of the Royal Household. Three private Pursuivants in Scotland still exist today: the Lord High Constable has Slains, the Earl of Crawford and Balcarres has Endure and the Countess of Mar has Garioch. Recently the Clan Macdonald re-established its own Pursuivant termed Finlaggan.

17. TABARD OF SLAINS PURSIVANTPrivate Officer of Arms to the Earls of Errol

Worn at the 1953 Festival of Thanksgiving and made of the same damask as the Countess’s Coronation gown.

(Resurrection Chapel) By permission of the Rt Hon the Earl of Errol Lord High Constable of Scotland

and Mr John Stirling, WS

18. TABARD OF ENDURE PURSUIVANTPrivate Officer of Arms to the Lords Crawford

(Resurrection Chapel) By permission of the Rt Hon the Earl of Crawford and Balcarres, KT

and the Hon Alexander Lindsay

CATALOGUE • 21

19. HATCHMENT‘Pre-Need’ Hatchment prepared against the demise of W.E.P.L. Drummond-Murray of Mastrick and his wife Barbara Hope showing their respective arms

On the death of one, the background will be painted black on the appropriate half of the hatchment, and the balance will then be painted in on the demise of the survivor.

(Resurrection Chapel) By permission of Mr & Mrs Drummond-Murray of Mastrick

20. MODEL OF A ROYAL SCOTS DRAGOON GUARDS TROOPER IN CEREMONIAL DRESS

(formerly Royal Scots Greys)

‘His Majesty was escorted throughout his visit to Edinburgh by a squadron of Scots Greys.

What added greatly to the gayety and bustle of the place, was the number of military stationed in it: these consisted of four troops of the gallant Scots Greys, and six companies of the 77th regiment of foot.’

—Robert Mudie, Historical Account of His Majesty’s Visit to Scotland, 1822

(Resurrection Chapel) Loaned by the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards Museum, Edinburgh Castle


(Pictured on rear cover.) 21

SIR PATRICK WALKERGentleman Usher of the White Rod in Ceremonial Garb

‘The White Rod (Sir Patrick Walker) followed the Lyon King, and wore the superb jacket of crimson and gold which he had used at the coronation, but which was concealed, in a great measure, by a splendid mantle of white satin, lined throughout with crimson, and fastened with a cord of gold and crimson. His lower vestments were of crimson, and he had on brown boots adorned with gold tassels and fringe, and a black velvet Spanish cap looped with gold, and with a black feather. His horse was almost covered with a scarlet shabrach edged with white lace, and adorned at the corners with silver thistles. The bridle was of white satin, with crimson rosettes.’ —Robert Mudie, Historical Account of His Majesty’s Visit to Scotland, 1822

(RESURRECTION CHAPEL) Original clothes loaned by the Walker Trust Presently housed in the

National Museum of Scotland. Horse loaned by First Saddlery

at Rowallan Activity Centre, Fenwick

22. CITY OFFICER’S CEREMONIAL UNIFORM (c. 1830)

(Resurrection Chapel) Loaned by City of Edinburgh Council


23. COUNCILLOR’S CLOAK & TRICORN HAT (c. 1830)

(Resurrection Chapel) Loaned by City of Edinburgh Council

24. UNIFORM OF THE OFFICER OF THE INCORPORATION OF GOLDSMITHS

Replica uniform based on a watercolour in a series called Old Edinburgh Characters and Costumes by J.C. Howie, about 1840, showing the Incorporation’s Officer, who looked after Goldsmiths’ Hall. The style of the uniform probably dates to the late 18th century. The officer is wearing the Incorporation’s armorial badge on his sleeve, the original of which (an electrotype is shown here) incorporates the earliest example of the Goldsmiths’ arms, made by James Tait in 1725–6. The outer rim was probably added later. The original is on loan to the Museum of Scotland.

(Resurrection Chapel) Loaned by the Incorporation of Goldsmiths

25. RIDING OF THE PARLIAMENT OF SCOTLAND 1685

The formal opening of the Scottish Parliament was a ceremonial of much splendor. In 1685 the Lord Clerk Register, the Lord Lyon and the Heralds marshalled Members of Parliament (Commissioners), Officers of State and His Majesty’s Lord High Commissioner at Holyrood. They processed to Parliament House in the High Street where the Lord High Constable and the Earl Marshal, followed by the Usher of the White Rod, escorted the Lord High Commissioner to the throne. The Lord Lyon stood on the right of the throne and the Usher on the left.

(Resurrection Chapel) Loaned by the Court of the Lord Lyon

26. PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS OF BARBARA AND MARY WALKER

‘Sir Patrick Walker was succeeded by his two sisters, Barbara and Mary, and on their deaths, the Walker Trust was established to build and endow St Mary’s Cathedral, and also to build a church in a poorer part of Edinburgh, Old Saint Paul’s. To regularise their position an Act of Parliament was passed in 1877, which incorporated the Walker Trustees, not least in their office of holders of the White Rod Ushership, for all time to come.’

—Canon Allan Maclean, The Edge, Autumn 2011

(Resurrection Chapel) Owned by St Mary’s Cathedral


27THE LANDING OF GEORGE IVTH AT LEITH 15TH AUGUST 1822

CATALOGUE • 25

Photograph of Oil Painting by Alexander Carse (1770 –1843) Carse worked for David Allan before the artist’s death in 1796, and received some artistic training from him. Allan’s influence on Carse’s work is evident. In 1801 Carse attended the Trustees’ Academy in Edinburgh, but he failed to achieve the success of contemporaries such as David Wilkie.

(RESURRECTION CHAPEL) Owned by The City of Edinburgh Council Presently housed in Leith Police Station


28ENGRAVING OF GEORGE IV ARRIVING IN PICARDY PLACE


Photograph of Engraving A wooden archway was erected at the top of Picardy Place to mark the entrance of the King to the City of Edinburgh. For further description, see page 7. Illustrated in Robert Mudie, Historical Account of His Majesty’s Visit, 1822.

(RESURRECTION CHAPEL) Owned by The City of Edinburgh Council


29. FUNERAL HATCHMENT OF LORD DOUGLAS OF DOUGLAS 1827

A Hatchment, a diamond-shaped board painted with the arms of the deceased surrounded by his ancestors’ shields, is hung outside the home of a person who has died. This is a traditional hatchment painted for Lord Douglas of Douglas who was involved in claiming the Dukedom of Douglas during the 1760s.

(Resurrection Chapel) Loaned by the Court of the Lord Lyon

30. UNION FLAG (c.1822)

This Union Flag, which belongs to the Convenery of the Trades of Edinburgh, is thought to be the one first used at the time of George IV’s visit to Edinburgh. It was certainly also used on several subsequent patriotic occasions, including Queen Victoria’s first visit to Edinburgh in 1842.

(Resurrection Chapel) Loaned by the Convenery of the Trades of Edinburgh

SELECTION OF SEVEN CRESTS OF KNIGHTS OF THE THISTLEEach Knight has a stall in the Thistle Chapel in the High Kirk of St Giles. Above the stall is the Knight’s carved and painted wooden crest. Items 31–37 are the crests of former Knights.

CATALOGUE • 29

31DUKE OF FIFE, KT (1881–1912)

A Knight (denoting the ancient MacDuff) armed at all points on a horse at full speed, in his dexter hand a sword erected all Proper, his jupon Argent, on his sinister arm a shield Or, charged with a lion rampant Gules, the visor of his helmet shut, over which, on a Wreath of his liveries with a long Mantling flowing therefrom behind him and ending in a tassel of the Fourth; the doubling of the Third, is set a lion rampant issuing out of the wreath of the Third and Fourth; the caparisons of the horse Gules, fimbriated Or and thereon six shields of the last, each charged with a lion rampant of the Fourth.

(RESURRECTION CHAPEL) Loaned by The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle


32. ADMIRAL VISCOUNT CUNNINGHAM OF HYNDHOPE, KT (1945–1963)

Issuant from a naval crown Vert a unicorn’s head Argent, armed, maned and tufted Or, langued Gules.

(Resurrection Chapel) Loaned by The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle

33DUKE OF ARGYLL, KT (1871–1914)

A boar’s head fessways, erased Or armed Argent, langued Gules.



35. SIR HAROLD LESLIE, HON. LORD BIRSAY, KT (1973–1982)

A demi-griffin contournee regardant Proper.


34HRH THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT & STRATHEARN

Royal crest charged of a label of three points Argent thereon a cross Gules between two fleurs de lys Azure.



36. EARL OF KINTORE, KT (1923–1930)

An Angel in a praying posture Or within an Orle of Laurel Proper.


37. EARL OF ROSEBURY, KT (1895–1929)

A demi lion Gules holding in his dexter paw a Primrose Or.

(Resurrection Chapel) Loaned by the The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle

38REPLICAS OF THE SWORD OF STATE, SCEPTRE AND DUKE OF YORK’S SCEPTRE

The Crown, Sword and Sceptre, dating from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, are known as the Honours of Scotland, the oldest regalia in the British Isles. After the Union of the Crowns in 1603 they were used at sittings of the Scottish Parliament to represent the monarch. Following the Treaty of Union in 1707 the Honours were stored in a chest in Edinburgh Castle

CATALOGUE • 33

until Walter Scott persuaded the Prince Regent to appoint a Commission to open the sealed box. Sir Patrick Walker was thwarted in his attempt to be present at the opening, not being one of the Commissioners, but when this event took place on 4 February 1818, they discovered, along with the Crown, Sceptre and Sword, a silver rod of office. Sir Patrick had no doubts as to the rod being the ‘Ancient White Rod of Scotland that was always carried by the Usher when attending the Regalia.’ Unfortunately for Sir Patrick the silver rod was not the ancient White Rod of Scotland, nor was it the mace of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, as Sir Walter Scott supposed it to be. It was made by the London goldsmith, Francis Garthorn and it is a sceptre, not a mace. More recent research shows it to be the Sceptre of the Duke of York (the future King James VII & II), who was Lord High Commissioner in Scotland for his brother, King Charles II, in the early 1680s.

(RESURRECTION CHAPEL) Loaned by Scone Palace

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

An exhibition of this sort cannot take place without the help and generosity of many people, and the Cathedral would like to thank all those who have kindly made exhibits available to us. To all those people who have helped in so many ways with advice, practical help and physical support we are deeply grateful, they include: The Lord Provost of The City of Edinburgh for his support from the start and for speaking at the Reception, and The Lord Lyon King of Arms for also speaking at the Reception; Foreman Andrew Ramsay, Chargehand Jordan Kirk and the apprentices of St Mary’s Cathedral Workshop for hanging banners, transporting exhibits, and helping to put up the exhibition; Patsy Mair of the Costume Society and Anna Beard for help and advice with clothes and design; the John Lewis Partnership, St Columba’s Shop West End and Edinburgh Napier University for props; Pete Clark and Ron Shaw for the Neil Gow music performed at the Reception; Heather Macpherson from the National Trust for Scotland for her support with publicity; Mary Hope for sourcing Sir Patrick’s horse from Alex Scott and Karene Wallace of First Saddlery in Fenwick—everybody said she would never find one! Rosemary Noble for lending the horse’s saddle and bridle; George Dalgleish, Keeper of Scottish History and Archaeology at the National Museum of Scotland, for being a source of kindness and erudition about The White Rods and Chains of Office, and Vicky Brown, his Assistant Curator, for her endless patience with frequent emails and questions; Ruthven Gemmell for arranging for Sir Patrick’s portrait to be copied; St Mary’s Music School for lending easels and Clara Hyder, Chris Roberts, Aaron Akugbo and David Swan from St Mary’s Music School for playing the trumpet at the Reception; Arran Johnson for dramatic effects; Elspeth Bruce at Scone Palace; Philip Henderson, Diana Scott and Lesley Ellen at the City of Edinburgh Council for their constant support—as always; The Rt Revd Brian Smith for encouragement especially in the early uncertain stages; Mark Muir and John Rae of Police Scotland for unflagging kindness and patience with photographic sessions at Leith Police Station; Robin Maclean and Jamie Erskine at the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards Museum for advice and lending us their splendid Trooper; Caroline Buchanan and Diana Gordon-Smith who were encouraging early on; Hugh Morrison at Historic Scotland; Mary Michel from the Incorporation of Goldsmiths; Colin Dickson for constant support and photography; Oliver Brewer in the Cathedral office for the catalogue design; Judith Lewis also in the Cathedral office; Jim Bremner and Dorothy Innes for being honest soundboards; all the many volunteers, friends and supporters for stewarding the exhibition. Lastly, thanks to Maud Crawford and Gordon Prestoungrange who first lit the spark that became this exhibition.

the pageantry and heraldry of scotland

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