the panama canal: modernization and...

Rodolfo SabongeRodolfo SabongeRodolfo SabongeRodolfo Sabonge

Director, Corporate Planning and MarketingDirector, Corporate Planning and MarketingDirector, Corporate Planning and MarketingDirector, Corporate Planning and Marketing

Panama Canal AuthorityPanama Canal AuthorityPanama Canal AuthorityPanama Canal Authority




The Panama Canal:Modernization and Expansion


26th Annual Summer Ports, Waterways, Freight &International Trade Conference

June 26, 2001Galveston, Texas



! Canal Performance

! Modernization Program

! Expansion Plans

! Canal Performance


! Expansion Plans

AgendaAgenda

ATLANTIC OCEAN

PACIFIC OCEAN

CHAGRESRIVER

RIO GRANDE

ATLANTIC OCEAN

PACIFIC OCEAN

CHAGRESRIVER

GRANDE RIVER

GATUNLAKE

COLON CITYCOLON CITY

G ATUNLAKE

PANAM A CITYPANAM A CITY

M ADDEN

RIO CHAG RES

GATUN LOCKS

MIRAFLORES LOCKS

PEDRO MIGUEL LOCKS

ATLANTIC OCEAN

PACIFIC OCEAN

MAX DRAFT: 12 M.MAX DRAFT: 12 M.

CHAMBER WIDTH: 33.52 mtsMAX BEAM: 32.5 mts.

CHAMBER WIDTH: 33.52 mtsMAX BEAM: 32.5 mts.

LOCKS CHAMBER: 304.8 mts.MAX LENGTH: 294 mts.LOCKS CHAMBER: 304.8 mts.MAX LENGTH: 294 mts.

PANAM AX VESSELPANAM AX VESSEL

80 Km8 - 10 hrs TRANSIT TIME

+/- 24 hrs CWT

80 Km8 - 10 hrs TRANSIT TIME

+/- 24 hrs CWT

Kobe, Japan - New YorkKobe, Japan - New York

Saves 2,846 Nautical M ilesSource: Fairplay W orldshipping Encyclopedia 1998




Ecuador - New YorkEcuador - New York

Principal Routes - FY 2000Principal Routes - FY 2000

42.0%42.0%

East Coast U.S. AsiaEast Coast U.S. Asia

COMMODITIES• GRAINS• CONTAINERS• CHEMICALS• FERTILIZERS &

PHOSPHATES• MANUFACTURERS

IRON & STEEL

East Coast U.S. East Coast U.S.

8.9%8.9%

Principal Routes - FY 2000Principal Routes - FY 2000West Coast South AmericaWest Coast South America

COMMODITIES• GRAINS• PETROLEUM• CONTAINERS• SALT• MISCELLANEOUS

In Fiscal Year 2000:

! More than 13,600 oceangoingcommercial transits

! 194 Million long tons of cargo

! 4% of the world’s seabornetrade

In Fiscal Year 2000:

! More than 13,600 oceangoingcommercial transits

! 194 Million long tons of cargo

! 4% of the world’s seabornetrade

PANAMA CANAL TRAFFICPANAMA CANAL TRAFFIC

Transits by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypesTransits by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypesTransits by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypesTransits by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypesTransits by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypesTransits by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypesTransits by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypesTransits by Principal Oceangoing Ship Types

00

500500

1,0001,000

1,5001,500

2,0002,000

2,5002,500

3,0003,000

3,5003,500

4,0004,000

4,5004,500

Dry Bulk CarriersDry Bulk Carriers 3,8393,839 3,5503,550 3,4703,470 3,2653,265 3,0093,009ContainershipsContainerships 1,7271,727 1,8081,808 2,0692,069 1,9581,958 2,2122,212Refrigerated CargoRefrigerated Cargo 2,4742,474 2,4422,442 2,0182,018 1,9971,997 2,0292,029TankersTankers 2,0382,038 2,0712,071 1,8771,877 1,9291,929 2,0142,014General CargoGeneral Cargo 1,4171,417 1,3691,369 1,3141,314 999999 1,0521,052Vehicle CarriersVehicle Carriers 746746 702702 752752 879879 903903Passenger ShipsPassenger Ships 283283 296296 305305 297297 246246

19961996 19971997 19981998 19991999 20002000

Calendar Year

PC/UMS Net Tons by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypePC/UMS Net Tons by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypePC/UMS Net Tons by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypePC/UMS Net Tons by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypePC/UMS Net Tons by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypePC/UMS Net Tons by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypePC/UMS Net Tons by Principal Oceangoing Ship TypePC/UMS Net Tons by Principal Oceangoing Ship Type

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000Th

ousa

nds

of N

et T

ons

Dry Bulk CarriersDry Bulk Carriers 81,91681,916 74,03674,036 71,81371,813 69,30869,308 65,38965,389ContainershipsContainerships 41,16141,161 43,85043,850 51,52451,524 50,90150,901 58,87158,871Vehicle CarriersVehicle Carriers 26,06726,067 24,96024,960 27,62227,622 32,80632,806 36,17136,171TankersTankers 34,49234,492 34,03934,039 31,16031,160 32,16332,163 32,55732,557Refrigerated CargoRefrigerated Cargo 17,56817,568 17,88117,881 14,76414,764 15,25115,251 15,52215,522Passenger ShipsPassenger Ships 7,7427,742 8,9898,989 9,4499,449 9,8729,872 8,7898,789General CargoGeneral Cargo 11,00411,004 10,64510,645 10,25610,256 7,5317,531 8,0148,014Liquid Gas CarriersLiquid Gas Carriers 2,6542,654 2,4552,455 2,2542,254 2,7302,730 2,6492,649

19961996 19971997 19981998 19991999 20002000

Calendar YearCalendar Year

Panama Canal UniversalMeasurement System (PCUMS)Panama Canal UniversalMeasurement System (PCUMS)Current Tolls$ 2.57 /PCUM S (laden)$ 2.04 /PCUM S (ballast)

$ 1.43 /displacem ent ton

Current Tolls$ 2.57 /PCUM S (laden)$ 2.04 /PCUM S (ballast)

$ 1.43 /displacem ent ton

One PCUM S Ton = 100 cubicfeet of cargo carryingcapacity

One PCUM S Ton = 100 cubicfeet of cargo carryingcapacity

Average PC/UMS Net TonnageAverage PC/UMS Net TonnageAverage PC/UMS Net TonnageAverage PC/UMS Net Tonnageof Oceangoing Vessels by Ship Typeof Oceangoing Vessels by Ship Typeof Oceangoing Vessels by Ship Typeof Oceangoing Vessels by Ship Type

Average PC/UMS Net TonnageAverage PC/UMS Net TonnageAverage PC/UMS Net TonnageAverage PC/UMS Net Tonnageof Oceangoing Vessels by Ship Typeof Oceangoing Vessels by Ship Typeof Oceangoing Vessels by Ship Typeof Oceangoing Vessels by Ship Type

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000PC

/UM

S N

et T

ons

Vehicle Carriers 34,942 35,556 36,731 37,322 40,057Passenger Ship 27,358 30,369 30,981 33,239 35,729Containerships 23,834 24,253 24,903 25,997 26,614Dry-bulk Carrier 21,338 20,855 20,695 21,227 21,731Tanker 16,925 16,436 16,601 16,674 16,165Liquid-gas carrier 15,078 11,860 11,678 13,652 13,868Refrigerated Cargo 7,101 7,322 7,316 7,637 7,650General Cargo 7,766 7,776 7,805 7,539 7,618

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000


Cargo Flow by Commodity TypeCargo Flow by Commodity TypeCargo Flow by Commodity TypeCargo Flow by Commodity TypeCargo Flow by Commodity TypeCargo Flow by Commodity TypeCargo Flow by Commodity TypeCargo Flow by Commodity TypeMillions of Long TonsMillions of Long Tons

Calendar Year1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Grains 42.8 34.4 39.0 41.0 39.6Container cargo 25.8 27.5 28.7 30.4 34.2Petroleum and products 31.5 30.9 30.0 27.8 29.0Nitrates, phosphates and potash 15.6 15.3 14.6 13.3 12.7Manufactures of iron and steel 8.2 8.4 14.7 11.3 11.3Chemicals and petroleum chemicals 11.3 10.4 9.1 12.0 11.0Coal and coke 11.3 11.9 8.8 8.9 9.4Others 51.1 53.9 47.8 47.0 48.8

Total 197.7 192.7 192.7 191.7 195.8

Accident StatisticsAccident Statistics

19971997

2929

19991999

2828

20002000

2424

19981998

2828

19961996

3838

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-


40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

No.

of A

ccid

ent I

nves

tigat

ions

No.

of A

ccid

ent I

nves

tigat

ions

31.8

27.7

32

30.9

28.5

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000Year

Can

al W

ater

s Ti

me

in H

ours

Canal Waters TimeCanal Waters Time

TOTAL TRANSITS FY 1915 - 1999TOTAL TRANSITS FY 1915 - 1999

00

55

1010

1515

2020

2525

3030

3535

4040

4545

505019

1519

1519

1919

1919

2319

2319

2719

2719

3119

3119

3519

3519

3919

3919

4319

4319

4719

4719

5119

5119

5519

5519

5919

5919

6319

6319

6719

6719

7119

7119

7519

7519

7919

7919

8319

8319

8719

8719

9119

9119

9519

95

Fiscal YearFiscal Year

Tran

sits

in T

hous

ands

Tran

sits

in T

hous

ands

0.000.00

50.0050.00

100.00100.00

150.00150.00

200.00200.00

250.00250.00

TransitsTransits

1999

1999

TOTAL TRANSITS vs PC/UMS NET FY 1915 - 1999TOTAL TRANSITS vs PC/UMS NET FY 1915 - 1999

00

55

1010

1515

2020

2525

3030

3535

4040

4545

505019

1519

1519

1919

1919

2319

2319

2719

2719

3119

3119

3519

3519

3919

3919

4319

4319

4719

4719

5119

5119

5519

5519

5919

5919

6319

6319

6719

6719

7119

7119

7519

7519

7919

7919

8319

8319

8719

8719

9119

9119

9519

95


Tran

sits

in T

hous

ands

Tran

sits

in T

hous

ands

0.000.00

50.0050.00

100.00100.00

150.00150.00

200.00200.00

250.00250.00

PC/U

MS

Net

in M

illio

nsPC

/UM

S N

et in

Mill

ionsTransitsTransits PC/UMS NetPC/UMS Net

1999

1999

FY 1955FY 1955

4,8324,832

FY 1975FY 1975

9,9319,931

FY 2000FY 2000

18,64918,649

AVERAGE PC/UM S NET TO NNAGEAVERAGE PC/UM S NET TO NNAGEOceangoing Commercial VesselsOceangoing Commercial Vessels

Panamax Transits100+ feet of Beam

5 6 7 8

11

1416 16

19 20 19 2022 22

24 23 23 23 24 25 26 27

30 2931

3335

37

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

7 4 7 5 7 6 7 7 7 8 7 9 8 0 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 4 8 5 8 6 8 7 8 8 8 9 9 0 9 1 9 2 9 3 9 4 9 5 9 6 9 7 9 8 9 9 0 0 0 1Fiscal Year

% o

f Tot

al T

rans

its

➨ Lockages in half the time➨ 4 locomotives required➨ 3 tug assignments➨ 1 pilot➨ No transit restriction

IMPACT OF VESSEL SIZEIMPACT OF VESSEL SIZE

< 80’ BEAM

➨ 6 or 8 locomotives required

➨ 7 to 10 tug assignments

➨ Minimum of 2 pilots

➨ Restricted to daylight transitPANAMAX

! Canal Performance


! Canal Performance


AgendaAgenda

ATLANTIC OCEANATLANTIC OCEAN

PACIFIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEAN

PANAM A CITYPANAM A CITY

BalboaBalboa

M IRAFLORES LOCKSM IRAFLORES LOCKS

PEDRO M IGUEL LOCKSPEDRO M IGUEL LOCKS

GAILLARD CUTGAILLARD CUT

M ADEN LAKEM ADEN LAKE

COLONCOLON

GATUN LOCKSGATUN LOCKS

GATUN LAKEGATUN LAKE

REPUBLIC OFPANAM A

REPUBLIC OFPANAM A

$1B Im provem ent andM odernization Program$1B Im provem ent andM odernization Program

CutCut WideningWidening

NewNew TugsTugs

NewNewLocomotivesLocomotives

EVTMSEVTMS

NewNew TrackTrack

LocksLocks MachineryMachinery

Benefits of Modernization ProgramBenefits of Modernization Program

" Increased Canal capacity by 20%" Reduced Canal Waters Time" Reduced impact of lane outages" Improved navigational safety" Reduced maintenance costs" Improved reliability

Total Transits Forecast vs CapacityTotal Transits Forecast vs Capacity

10,00010,000

12,00012,000

14,00014,000

16,00016,000

18,00018,000

20,00020,000

22,00022,000

24,00024,000

26,00026,000

28,00028,000

1995

1995

1998

1998

2001

2001

2004

2004

2007

2007

2010

2010

2013

2013

2016

2016

2019

2019

2022

2022

2025

2025

2028

2028

2031

2031

2034

2034

2037

2037

2040

2040

Tota

l Tra

nsits

Tota

l Tra

nsits


Canal CapacityTotal Transits

! Canal Performance


! Expansion Plans

! Canal Performance


! Expansion Plans

AgendaAgenda

Study Plans

Final DesignFinal Design

ImplementationImplementation

Reaching ConsensusReaching Consensus

Full-FeasibilityFull-Feasibility2001-20022001-2002

ConceptualConceptual

Reconnaissance orPre-feasibility

Reconnaissance orPre-feasibility

1999-20001999-2000

World´s vs Canal Trade World´s vs Canal Trade (Million Long Tons)(Million Long Tons)

11,37111,37111,371

9,0929,0929,092

7,5077,5077,507

6,0526,0526,0525,1885,1885,188

4,3074,3074,3074,1014,1014,101

3,0243,0243,024

15,57015,57015,570

00500500

1,0001,0001,5001,5002,0002,0002,5002,5003,0003,0003,5003,5004,0004,0004,5004,5005,0005,0005,5005,5006,0006,0006,5006,5007,0007,0007,5007,5008,0008,0008,5008,5009,0009,0009,5009,500

10,00010,00010,50010,50011,00011,00011,50011,50012,00012,00012,50012,50013,00013,00013,50013,50014,00014,00014,50014,50015,00015,00015,50015,50016,00016,00016,50016,500

19901990 19951995 20002000 20052005 20102010 20202020 20302030 20402040 20502050

World Seaborne TradeWorld Seaborne Trade


11,37111,37111,371

9,0929,0929,092

7,5077,5077,507

6,0526,0526,0525,1885,1885,188

4,3074,3074,3074,1014,1014,101

3,0243,0243,024

15,57015,57015,570

8508508501,3461,3461,346 1,4261,4261,426 1,7831,7831,783

2,1502,1502,150 2,7762,7762,7763,4523,4523,452

4,4624,4624,462

6,3226,3226,322

00500500

1,0001,0001,5001,5002,0002,0002,5002,5003,0003,0003,5003,5004,0004,0004,5004,5005,0005,0005,5005,5006,0006,0006,5006,5007,0007,0007,5007,5008,0008,0008,5008,5009,0009,0009,5009,500

10,00010,00010,50010,50011,00011,00011,50011,50012,00012,00012,50012,50013,00013,00013,50013,50014,00014,00014,50014,50015,00015,00015,50015,50016,00016,00016,50016,500

19901990 19951995 20002000 20052005 20102010 20202020 20302030 20402040 20502050

World Seaborne TradeWorld Seaborne Trade Accessible Market shareAccessible Market share


11,37111,37111,371

9,0929,0929,092

7,5077,5077,507

6,0526,0526,0525,1885,1885,188

4,3074,3074,3074,1014,1014,101

3,0243,0243,024

15,57015,57015,570

8508508501,3461,3461,346 1,4261,4261,426 1,7831,7831,783

2,1502,1502,150 2,7762,7762,7763,4523,4523,452

4,4624,4624,462

6,3226,3226,322

157157157 190190190 194194194 207207207 218218218 230230230 241241241 260260260 30830830800

5005001,0001,0001,5001,5002,0002,0002,5002,5003,0003,0003,5003,5004,0004,0004,5004,5005,0005,0005,5005,5006,0006,0006,5006,5007,0007,0007,5007,5008,0008,0008,5008,5009,0009,0009,5009,500

10,00010,00010,50010,50011,00011,00011,50011,50012,00012,00012,50012,50013,00013,00013,50013,50014,00014,00014,50014,50015,00015,00015,50015,50016,00016,00016,50016,500

19901990 19951995 20002000 20052005 20102010 20202020 20302030 20402040 20502050

World Seaborne TradeWorld Seaborne Trade Accessible Market shareAccessible Market share PCBaselinePCBaseline

2,500

4,790

6,000

8,000

2,500

4,790

6,000

8,000

M ILLIONM .T.

M ILLIONM .T.

YEARYEAR

1970

1996

2002

2015

1970

1996

2002

2015

ContainersGeneral cargoDry bulkLiquid bulk

Projections for seaborne commerceProjections for seaborne commerce

WORLD SEABORNE TRADEWORLD SEABORNE TRADE

Fuente: Fairplay Solutions, JUNE 2000-ISSUE No. 45

ContainershipsContainerships Newbuilding orders: 484 Feb. 2001)Newbuilding orders: 484 Feb. 2001)

23%

21%

10%1%

39%

6%

Feeder Feedermax Handy

Sub-Panamax Panamax Post-Panamax

23%

21%

10%1%

39%

6%

Feeder Feedermax Handy

Sub-Panamax Panamax Post-Panamax

Source: Fairplay Solutions, March 2001Source: Fairplay Solutions, March 2001

Fuente: Fairplay Solutions, June 2000 ISSUE No. 45

Newbuildings on order (1,576,896 TEUs Feb 2001)Newbuildings on order (1,576,896 TEUs Feb 2001)Containerships - CapacityContainerships - Capacity

Source: Fairplay Solutions, March 2001Source: Fairplay Solutions, March 2001

18%

6%

9%2%

65%

Feedermax Handy Sub-PanamaxPanamax Post-Panamax

18%

6%

9%2%

65%

Feedermax Handy Sub-PanamaxPanamax Post-Panamax

POST-PANAMAX

POST-PANAMAX

MAX DRAFT:50 FEET

15.2M

MAX DRAFT:50 FEET

15.2M

MAXDRAFT:

39.5 FEET12 M.

MAXDRAFT:

39.5 FEET12 M.

MAX BEAM:180 FEET

53.9M

MAX BEAM:180 FEET

53.9M

MAX BEAM:106 FEET

32.5 M.

MAX BEAM:106 FEET

32.5 M.

MAXLENGTH:

1,265 FEET385.6M

MAXLENGTH:

1,265 FEET385.6M

MAXLENGTH:965 FEET

294 M.

MAXLENGTH:965 FEET

294 M.

PANAMAXPANAMAX

REVENUESREVENUESLEGALSTRUCTURE

LEGALSTRUCTURE

FINANCING STRUCTUREFINANCING

STRUCTUREFINANCIAL

RISKFINANCIAL

RISK

Major Areas of StudyMajor Areas of Study

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

IMPACT

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

IMPACT

PRICINGSGTRATEGY

MARKET

TRAFFIC RISKRISK

COMMUNICATION

STRATEGYCOMMUNICATION

STRATEGY

WATERWATER

LOCKSLOCKS

DRAFTDRAFT

SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL

Market Research and AnalysisMarket Research and Analysis• Long-term traffic forecasts, sensitivity and risk

analysis

• Marketing visits to major Canal users, shipowners,shippers, and maritime organizations

• Independent long-term traffic forecast

• Detailed market segments analysis will continue forremainder of this year, along with evaluations oftransportation alternatives

Water Studies

• Reconnaissance studies – withUSACE-Mobile (1998-1999)

Selection ofprojects with

greatest potential5 projects

Final evaluationand ranking19 projects

Initial evaluation30 possibleprojects

Projects that require new dam constructionProjects that require new dam construction

Projects under study and their potential forincreasing the watershed´s available capacityProjects under study and their potential forincreasing the watershed´s available capacity• Coclé del Norte 40+

(with Caño Sucio & Río Indio )• Coclé del Norte 40+

(with tunnel to Río Indio )• Storage/Pumping from 31

Coclé del Norte to Toabré(with Caño Sucio & Río Indio )

• Coclé del Norte at 65M 25(with tunnel to Río Indio )

• Toabré and Caño Sucio 23(with Río Indio )

• Caño Sucio ( Río Indio ) 14• Río Indio 11

• Gatún Lake deepening 6• Lower Trinidad 4• Recycling ponds 4

Gatún Locks• Cirí Grande 3• Salud 2• Raise Gatún Lake level 2• Raise Madden Lake level 1• Lagarto 1• Pacora (potable water) 1• Caimito (potable water) 1• Pumping one lockage 1

of saltwater to Gatún Lake

● Alto Chagres 8* One lockage represents 55 million gallons of water.

Water StudiesWater Studies

● Full-feasibility study of:

➨ the deepening of Gatun Lake toincrease active storage and

➨ a new reservoir at Río Indio

● Full-feasibility study of:

➨ the deepening of Gatun Lake toincrease active storage and

➨ a new reservoir at Río Indio

Elev. 23.5 Elev. 23.5

Phase II(final)

Phase II(final)

5.0’5.0’

78.5’78.5’87.5’87.5’

50.0’50.0’DraftDraft

ShipShip

Elev. 34.0 Elev. 34.0

Phase I(initial)Phase I(initial)

ShipShip

46.0’46.0’

5.0’5.0’

DraftDraft

85.0’85.0’87.5’87.5’

Elev. 37.0 Elev. 37.0

5.0’5.0’

81.5’81.5’87.5’87.5’

CurrentCurrent

ShipShip

Operation LevelsOperation Levels

39.5’39.5’DraftDraft

Gatún Lake Operations

Post-PanamaxVessel and Lock SizesPost-PanamaxVessel and Lock Sizes

Vessel LocksBeam 53.9m (180') 61 m (200')Length 385.6m (1,265') 426.8m (1,400')Draft 15.2m (50') 18.3 m (60')

Post-Panamax Measurements

Vessel Size andPost-Panamax LocksVessel Size andPost-Panamax Locks

New LocksNew Locks

• Analysis of new lock alignment channels wascompleted - reducing potential sites from 24to two on each end of the Canal

• Analysis of new lock alignment channels wascompleted - reducing potential sites from 24to two on each end of the Canal

Various Alignments of Locks EvaluatedVarious Alignments of Locks Evaluated

Start:Start: Atlantic 8Pacific 16Atlantic 8Pacific 16

Initial Evaluation:Initial Evaluation: Atlantic 3Pacific 5Atlantic 3Pacific 5

Final Evaluation:Final Evaluation: Atlantic 2Pacific 2Atlantic 2Pacific 2

Coffer DamCoffer Dam

Excavated Area

Excavated Area

New Locks3 levels

New Locks3 levels

FloodedArea

FloodedArea

FloodedArea

FloodedArea Explosives

AreaExplosives

Area

AlignmentChannel

AlignmentChannel

Miraflores LocksMiraflores Locks

Pedro Miguel Locks

Pedro Miguel Locks

Alignment ChannelsPacific SideAlignment ChannelsPacific Side

• Just one set of locks on the Pacific Side• Takes advantage of the 1939 excavation• Requires a coffer dam in Miraflores Lake

• Just one set of locks on the Pacific Side• Takes advantage of the 1939 excavation• Requires a coffer dam in Miraflores Lake

Alignment ChannelPacific SideAlignment ChannelPacific Side• Just one set of locks on the Pacific Side• Makes use of topography to isolate Miraflores Lake• Just one set of locks on the Pacific Side• Makes use of topography to isolate Miraflores Lake

Auxiliary Dam

Auxiliary Dam

Auxiliary Dam

Auxiliary Dam

Water-Saving Basins

Water-Saving Basins

Third Set of LocksMiraflores- 3 levelsThird Set of LocksMiraflores- 3 levels

Auxiliary Dam

Auxiliary DamFlooded

AreaFlooded Area

PacificOcean

PacificOcean

Miraflores LocksMiraflores LocksPedro Miguel LocksPedro Miguel Locks

Water-Saving BasinsWater-Saving Basins

Third Set of Locks3 Levels

Third Set of Locks3 Levels

French CanalFrench Canal

Gatun LakeGatun Lake

1939 Excavation1939 ExcavationProposed

Third LocksProposed

Third Locks

Gatun LocksGatun Locks

A1A1

A2A2

Alignment ChannelAtlantic SideAlignment ChannelAtlantic Side

• A1 Takes advantage of 1939 excavation• A2 Optimal integration of Canal Operation • A1 Takes advantage of 1939 excavation• A2 Optimal integration of Canal Operation

Type and Size of GatesType and Size of GatesBerendrecht: sea lock at

the Port of Antwerp.

# Berendrecht lockchamber: 500 m by 68m by 13.5 m

# Panama Canal projectlock chamber: 426.7m by 61 m by 18.3 m

Berendrecht: sea lock atthe Port of Antwerp.

# Berendrecht lockchamber: 500 m by 68m by 13.5 m

# Panama Canal projectlock chamber: 426.7m by 61 m by 18.3 m

Type and Size of GatesType and Size of Gates

Model of Sliding Gates in Zeebrugge andBerendrecht, Belgium, showing flotationchambers and construction detail

Model of Sliding Gates in Zeebrugge andBerendrecht, Belgium, showing flotationchambers and construction detail

Type and Size of GatesType and Size of Gates

Closed Gate

Width of chamber: 66 m.

Closed Gate

Width of chamber: 66 m.

Recessed gateEngine Room in

background

Recessed gateEngine Room in

background

Required Maximum Heightsof GatesRequired Maximum Heightsof Gates

Maximum Height of Gate feet meters feet meters

One Level 154 46.95 161 49.09

Two Levels 119 36.28 127 38.72

Three Levels 105 32.01 115 35.06

Atlantic Pacific

Type and Size of GatesType and Size of Gates• The analysis shows that for the required

height and width, the best option are therolling gates

• This type of gate is used in Post-Panamax locks in Europe

• They are operated by means of cablesand drums

• Maintenance is performed within a gateslot, once isolated from the chamber bymeans of a bulkhead

• The analysis shows that for the requiredheight and width, the best option are therolling gates

• This type of gate is used in Post-Panamax locks in Europe

• They are operated by means of cablesand drums

• Maintenance is performed within a gateslot, once isolated from the chamber bymeans of a bulkhead

Lateral BasinsLateral Basins• Lateral Basins in Germany save on water

use• Lateral Basins in Germany save on water

use

Operation of Water-Savingand Recycling System

Operation of Water-Savingand Recycling System

Navigational ChannelsNavigational Channels

• Initial design parameters defined for vesselswith 45m (150’) beam

• Excavation volumes estimated for 14m (46’)and 15.3m (50’) draft

• Consultations held with largest dredgingcompanies

Environmental andSocio-economic EvaluationsEnvironmental andSocio-economic Evaluations

• Studies for the Western Region of theCanal Watershed with support from theInteramerican Development Bank (IDB)

• Major contracts awarded for thegathering of environmental and socio-economic data

Economic and Financial Issues

• Presentation of ACP´s annual results,market conditions and corporate outlookat the New York and London financialand investment markets

• Market feedback• Developed Economic/financial action plan

• Presentation of ACP´s annual results,market conditions and corporate outlookat the New York and London financialand investment markets

• Market feedback• Developed Economic/financial action plan

Economic and FinancialIssuesEconomic and FinancialIssues• Action plan includes:

– risk mapping– corporate economic value– legal analysis– credit rating– financing plan

REVENUESREVENUESLEGALSTRUCTURE

LEGALSTRUCTURE

FINANCING STRUCTUREFINANCING

STRUCTUREFINANCIAL

RISKFINANCIAL

RISK

Study plansStudy plans

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

IMPACT

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

IMPACT

PRICINGSGTRATEGY

MARKET

TRAFFIC RISKRISK

COMMUNICATION

STRATEGYCOMMUNICATION

STRATEGY

WATERWATER

LOCKSLOCKS

DRAFTDRAFT

SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL

the panama canal: modernization and...

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