the parts of speech
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Names for Words
The Parts of Speech
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Names for Words: Parts of Speech
No matter what, words must be put together
That makes a sentence
Nothing is possible without sentences
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Sentence Structure
All sentences must start with a capital letter
All sentences must end with a punctuation
A sentence is not a part of speech; it just the thing that contains the Part of speech
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8 Main Parts Of Speech
Nouns interjections
Verbs
Adjective
Adverbs
Preposition
Conjunctions
Pronouns
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Conjunctions
Join Things
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ConjunctionsConjunctions are connecting words
Example: And adds things together in the sentence
“I like baseball and soccer.”Or also joins, but makes an option
“What do you like best, dogs or cats?”Or can also pose a question.
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Using And/Or
Sentence 1: “I am going to play.”
Sentence 2: “I am going to study.”
Using And to join:
“I am going to play, and I’m going to study.”
Using Or to join:
“ I am going to play, or I’m going to study.”
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Using a Comma
Before every joining word, a comma (,) must be used
Example:
“I like soup, and I like sandwiches.”
You also must check that a and/or can be used by taking out the , and/, or and replacing it with a period.
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Different Conjunctions
Conjunctions aren’t only and/or, they are:
So, because, but, then, after,also just a (,), etc.
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More examples
No one came to save him, so he went off to explore.
Alice smiled, and then turned to her rabbit
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Adjectives
Words that describe
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Adjectives
Words that describe
Are used to describe nouns
Used to say:
How something feels, tastes, looks, or sounds
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Things that we describe
You
Sky
School
Bird
Etc.
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Words to Describe
Green – Any Color
Stormy
Loud
Five – Any Number
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Putting it all together
Yellow Chickens
Purple sweater
Cloudy Sky
Stinky Cigarette
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Using more than one adjective
In some cases, 2 adjectives may be used to describe
Examples
“The car was boxy, and green.”
“ The thin, gray paper airplane was indestructible.”
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Adjectives
Pick some adjectives for:
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Nouns
Pronouns and Proper Nouns
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Pronouns
Take the place of nouns
Save time and energy
Pronouns are words such as it, he , she, they, etc.
**They refer to the previous noun
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Examples of Pronouns
“Joe, won a new car, and he jumped with joy.” Joe
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Proper Nouns
Something's OWN name
Include names, nicknames, pets names, places names, city names, etc.
Proper Nouns also define
All proper nouns start with Capitals
Examples:
Joe vs. Person Jamestown vs. the city
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Articles
A, An, The
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Articles
Always go before a noun
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“The Rules”
A always presents a consonant
An always presents a vowel
The always presents a singular
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The Two Parts of a Sentence
Putting Things Together
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2 Parts Of a Sentence
Sentences are the building blocks of our language
The 2 Main Parts are:
Subjects
Predicates
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The Subject
Is the Noun of the sentence, The sentence is also based upon the Noun
In, “The beautiful ballerina leaped into the air like a deer.” Ballerina is the subject
In, “The Seminole Indians traveled over the water in the dugout canals.”The quickest way to find the subject is to read the sentence carefullyThe subject can be singular or plural and 1 or 2 words
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The Predicate
The predicate names the verb in the sentence that tells what is happening
In, “The beautiful ballerina leaped into the air like a deer.” leaped is the predicate
In, “ The Seminole Indians traveled over water in the dugout canals.” the predicate is traveled.”
The easiest way to find the predicate is to find what the subject is doing.
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Helping Verbs
The action
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Helping Verbs
The Helping Verb shows us weather the verb is past, present, or future. These are all considered “tenses”
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The “tense” table
Present Past Future
Am Was Will
Did Had Am/Are going to
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Getting Words to Agree
Singular and Plurals
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Getting Words to Agree
All plural subjects end with the letter “s”
Verbs in sentences with he and they do not always indicate a plural.
**Remember
He Goes
They Go
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Matching Plural Verbs
When you have a plural subject such as, “five boys” you must give them a plural verb such as, “run”
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Verbs with <1 Part
Must agree in “Tense”
If the 1st part is talking about the past the 2nd part must do the same
If this rule is not followed, it will create a time warp in the middle.
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Three Types of Sentences
Main Sentences
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The 3 Main Types Of Sentences
Almost everything we say is said in sentences.
There are interrogative, declarative, and imperative sentences
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Declarative Sentences
Are the most common type of sentence.
Are punctuated with a period.
Are used to tell our thoughts, and what we see.
Can be simple or complex.
“I have a dream . . .” as MLK Jr. once said.
“I saw a bird as beautiful as the summer sky as it rises above the horizon.”
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Interrogative Sentences
ALWAYS has a (?) question mark.
If you ask enough of them they become self-explanatory.
“Do stars burn out ?”
“Why are my eyes colored ?”
“Why is global warming such a problem ?”
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Imperative SentencesMay need more than 1 or 2 words.Used to give orders and make requests.Always ends in a (!) exclamation point if used to make requests.Always ends in (.) a period to give orders.
“Stop!”“Hug Me.”** In many sentences YOU is not spoken but is
understood.
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Types of Literature
Learning Books
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Biography
A True story about a persons life
Are very interesting stories
Are NOT by the person they are about
Are written using second hand accounts
SECOND-HAND ACCOUNTS –writings that are left behind, diaries, newspapers, and letters, etc.
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Autobiography
Are books written by the person they are about
Auto- means self (ex. Automobile is self driven. Autopilot is a plane that flies by itself)
Most are written in Prose, but can be written in poems, plays, or songs
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Fiction
Are make-believe, or fairytales such as Alice in Wonderland, or Pollyanna
Not everything has to be made-up, can have true parts with a twist, or true facts in a made-up story. Ex. You could have a story about traveling through space, that is not true. But, the moon, gravity force, wind, stars, yourself, a spaceshutle, etc.
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Non-Fiction
Is ALL true
Ex. Biographies, and autobiographies, newspaper articles, and school reports, and history
IE. A report on the 1989 earthquake in San Francisco
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Sayings and Phrases
Idioms and Metaphors
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What Is A Phrase ?Main Entry:1phrase
Pronunciation:*fr*z
Function:noun
Etymology:Latin phrasis, from Greek, from phrazein to point out, explain, tell
Date:15301 :
a characteristic manner or style of expression :
DICTION2 a : a brief expression; especially :
CATCHPHRASE b :
WORD3 : a short musical thought typically two to four measures long closing with a cadence4 : a word or group of words forming a syntactic constituent with a single grammatical function *an adverbial phrase*5 : a series of dance movements comprising a section of a pattern
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“Actions Speak Louder Than Words”
Means, some people don’t mean what they say. It is often obvious what is meant.
“Dad says he hates cats – even Juju,” Stewart said.
“But,” Tracy said, “last night, I saw Dad kiss the top of his head.
“Well,” Stewart said, “I think he really loves Juju, well, actions speak louder than words.”
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“Beggars, Can’t Be Choosers”This phrase means if you are needy, don’t be picky even if it isn’t exactly what you want or need.
“I didn’t have time to eat,” Jane said, “and I’m starving! But the only thing left in the cafeteria is yesterdays spinach salad.”
“Beggars can’t be choosers, Jane,” Nicky said, “looks like you’ll actually have to eat something healthy for a change.”
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Let Bygones Be BygonesThis means that people should forget about bad feelings towards each other.
“I can’t belive you won’t help me with this science experiment! It means a lot, I’m failing,” Tyron said screaming,”Why won’t you help.”
“Come on, Tyron,” Janine said,”I’ll help you study. There is no sense in being mad. Just Let bygones be bygones.”
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Look Before You LeapTalks about risks we take in life. It means that we should think before acting.
“Mom, Andrew asked me if I want to take over his paper route. Isn’t that a great idea ? Then I could by that new trumpet.”
“I don’t know,” mother said, “ you have music lessons every day after school. Do you really have time. You should Look before you leap.”
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One Rotten Apple Spoils The Whole Barrel
Today , you are going to use your text books and do partner notes.
Turn to page 63, it is at the bottom of pg. 63 and pg. 64
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A Place for Everything and Everything in its Place
Today , you are going to use your text books and do partner notes.
Turn to pg. 64
You must have a different partner
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The Show Must Go On
Means no matter what happens the project must keep going.
“I can’t play goalie this weekend,” Lisa said, “ I have a sprained ankle.”
“Its okay,” said the coach, “ the show must go on.”
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His Bark Is Worse Than His BiteMeans someone looks or acts a lot differently than who they really are.
“Mr. Crackles is such a grouch,” Meg said.
“Yeah,” said Mickey, “ they shouldn’t call him principal, they should call him ‘prince-paddle’.”
“You are so foolish you 2,” Missy explained, “you know he wouldn’t paddle anyone. He might get mad easy but he’s really a nice man. His bark is worse that his bite.”
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Beat Around The Bush
Today , you are going to use your text books and do partner notes.
Turn to page 65, You must work with someone you haven't yet worked with.
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Clean Bill Of Health
Today , you are going to use your text books and do partner notes.
Turn to page 65
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On His Last Legs
Means something is about to die or break for good.
Your job now is to write a role play for this phrase.
The best one will become part of this presentation.
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The End
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