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The Passive House Institute US Passive House Concept, History & Economic opportunities

for the US Building Sector

Katrin Klingenberg

Director Passive House Institute US | PHIUS

ph: 217.819.7988p 8 9 [email protected]

www.passivehouse.us

Chicago June 25, 2008

1 Conceptual Overview

• The 2000 Watt Society• The 2000 Watt Society

• IEA World-Energy Outlook

C b N t lit• Carbon Neutrality


The 2000 Watt Society, Novatlantis, ETH Zuerich (www.novatlantis.ch)

World-wide average annual

(Krapmeier and Drossler 2001)

energy consumption per capita :

17,500 kWh per year

=

continuous consumption of 2000 Watts

This corresponds to limiting CO2

(www.novatlantis.ch: vision)

emissions to 1 ton per capita possible by 2050

(500 watts of fossil fuel)

( tl ti h 2000 W tt S i t )


(www.novatlantis.ch: 2000 Watt Society)

IEA World Energy Outlook 2006 :IEA World Energy Outlook 2006 :


Alternative Fuel

Sources to

reduce CO2reduce CO2

Emissions:

1. Nuclear

2 RenewablesCO2 emissions estimated to

2. Renewables

3. Biofuels

4. Efficient Technologies

increase by 56%. 32% in increase still remain

unaccounted for!


Stabilizing CO2

Emissions

until 2030 through:

Passive House Technology

1. Passive House Technology

Renewables IItechnology applied

for all new

construction

2 Renewables II: 2. Renewables II:

Technological advancements in Renewable Technologies


Why Passive House?

Optimize the House… … to the Heating System

Why Passive House?


Passive House: Factor 10 Reduction in Space Conditioning Energy and CO2 EquivalentConditioning Energy and CO2 Equivalent

(Krapmeier and Drossler 2001)


2 Passive House Definition

• US Superinsulation History

Economic Feasibilit as Co e • Economic Feasibility as Core Concept

• Basic Metrics and • Basic Metrics and Requirements to meet the Standard


History of High Performance building in the US:The Small Homes Council

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign:Wayne Schick’s Team develops the Lo-Cal House in 1974-76

Walls:

Double stud

WallsWalls,

R-30

Roof:

R-40


Amory and Hunter Lovins finish the Rocky

Mountain Institute

in Snowmass, Colorado in 1984

“Tunneling through the cost barrier”Amory Lovins


Eugene Leger builds the Leger House in Eastern Massachusetts in the US in 1979

The Leger House looked like a conventional American home heated only The Leger House looked like a conventional American home, heated only by its own water heater

It was widely published and inspired William Shurcliff, a Harvard physicist/author on solar heated homes to a press release on physicist/author on solar heated homes to a press release on superinsulation

Larger developments followed in Canada in 1980 (14 superinsulated homes, in Minnesota (140 superinsulated homes)homes, in Minnesota (140 superinsulated homes)

1982-83 Canada sponsors the R2000 program with free training for builders and small subsidies to offset cost and requirement for an airtightness test: a blower-door test. Over 1000 homes were built.airtightness test: a blower door test. Over 1000 homes were built.

Conservative estimate of total superinsulated homes 1985 in the states and Canada is 10,000.


Economic Feasibility as Core Concept:The Passive House Concept was further developed

in the early 1990s by Dr. Wolfgang Feist and Professor Bo Adamson following the early super-

i l i k i N h A i insulation work in North America

First Passive House Prototype built in 1990 in Kranichstein, Germany(W F i t 2006) Kranichstein, Germany

70-80% reduction in overall energy consumption, 90-95% reduction of heating and cooling energy

PASSIVHAUS

INSTITUT

(W. Feist 2006)

The German Passivhaus Institut (PHI) was founded in 1996, coordinating the concept as a

building system, science of energy g y , gymodeling/verification and development of Passive

House components.


Eliminating the conventional Heating System for Market Viability:Market Viability:

Cost asymptote occurs when standard heating system is eliminated


Passive House Requirements:Passive House Requirements:

Requirements: SI Units IPRequirements: SI Units IP Units

Annual Heating Energy Demand ≤15 kWh/(m2a) ≤4750 Btu/ft2( t fl )(per net floor area)

Annual Cooling Energy Demand ≤15 kWh/(m2a) ≤4750 Btu/ft2(per net floor area)

Annual Total Primary Energy Demand ≤120 kWh/m2 ≤11.1 kWh/ft2

Air Leakage @ 50 Pa n50≤0.6 ACH n50≤0.1 CFM


Passive House recommendationsPassive House recommendationsRecommendations: SI Units IP

Heat Load: ≤10 W/m2 ≤ 1 W/ft2 Heat Load: 10 W/m 1 W/ftCooling Load: ≤ 8 W/m2 ≤ 0.8 W/ft2

Envelope Insulation: CA U≤0.26 W/m2K R≥22 hr-ft2-°F/Btu Europe U≤0.15 W/m2K R≥38 hr-ft2-°F/BtuIL U≤0 1 W/ 2K R≥56 h ft2 °F/BtIL U≤0.1 W/m2K R≥56 hr-ft2-°F/Btu

Thermal Bridge Free ConstructionLinear Thermal Transmittance Ψ≤0.01 W/mK Ψ≤0.006 Btu/hr-ft-°F

High Performance WindowsOverall Thermal Transmittance U≤0.8 W/m2K U≤0.14 Btu/hr-ft2-°FSolar Heat Gain Coefficient g-value≥50% SHGC≥50%

H t R V til tiHeat Recovery VentilationNet Efficiency η≥75% η≥75%Electric Consumption of motor ≤0.4 Wh/m3 ≤0.68 Wm/ft3


Outlook:Outlook:

Passive House construction hasconstruction has grown exponentially in Germany and Austria and continues withand continues with that trend.

10,000 passive house units had beenunits had been constructed by the end of 2007 and are inhabitedinhabited.


Passive House Institute US | PHIUSfounded in 2007 in Urbana, IL

The Passive House Institute US | PHIUS was founded to

advocate for educate about and advocate for, educate about and consult on the Passive House

Standard (90% space conditioning energy reduction)

for all future US building.

PHIUS is the only distributor of the PHPP (Passive House

Planning Package) software developed by Dr. Feist and the

only officially authorized Passive House Certifier in the country.House Certifier in the country.

PHIUS works closely with the German PHI to maintain Quality

training and construction.


training and construction.

3 Passive Houses in UrbanaFairview 1+2 and Smith House in Urbana, built in 2005-07 and 2003


BioHaus School, Bemidji MN – 2006


Tahan Residence, Berkeley CA – 2007


Isabella Lake Passive Home in Minnesota:Mike LeBeau Conservation TechnologiesMike LeBeau, Conservation Technologies


Towards the Passive House in Duluth, MN:Skyline House Wagner-Zaun Architects, Mike LeBeau, Conservation Technologies


Passive House on Martha’s Vineyard:


Solar Decathlon 2007S l D hl 2009Solar Decathlon 2009

University of Darmstadt

University of Illinois atUrbana-Champaign


3 B i D i P i i l3 Basic Design Principles

En elope & The mal Comfo t • Envelope & Thermal Comfort Principles

• Basic Materials and • Basic Materials and Mechanicals Principles


Envelope and Thermal Comfort Principles

1 Continuous Insulation creating steady1. Continuous Insulation- creating steady indoor temperatures that won’t drop below 50 degrees without heating source

2 Thermal Bridge Free Construction-2. Thermal Bridge Free Construction-minimizes condensation/ building deterioration

3. Compact Building Shape- excellent surface-to volume ratio (< 1)to-volume ratio (< 1)

4. Airtightness- minimizes moisture diffusion into wall assembly

5. Balanced Ventilation with Heat Recovery with minimal Space Conditioning System - exceptional efficiency,

7. Energy Efficient Appliances and Lighting- highly efficient use of household electricity

indoor air-quality and comfort

6. Optimal Solar Orientation and Shading – maximizing solar gains for winter, minimizing

8. User Friendliness - user manuals are recommended to be given homeowners


gains for the summer case

•Passive house windowframes, door frames and d f ld li tdoors for cold climates need to be insulated

•Multiple lock systems for•Multiple lock systems for operable windows and doors to ensure air-tightness and even weartightness and even wear

•Excellent, multiple sealsat sill


Shading Devicesg

•Venetian Blinds, trellises,overhangs, balconies, decks, trees etc.decks, trees etc.

http://www.warema.com


3. The Balanced Ventilation System with minimal space conditioning system

The Ultimate Air Recoup Aerator


The Ultimate Air Recoup Aerator(Stirling Technologies):

Heating and DHW:

Wodtke Pellet Stove with integrated with integrated heat exchanger to be connected to the hot water system

(Images: www.viessmann.com)

Ecosmart Fire –

Ethanol burning

stainless steel fire box


stainless steel fire box

Cooling:Cooling:

Samsung EH slim ducted

Samsung Mini-Split Air-to-Air Heatpump 20 SEER

Samsung EH slim ducted

Mini-Split

Heatpump 20 SEER


Please visit our web sites for more on Passive House developments, news and events.

Coming up soon:

3rd North American Passive House Conference3rd North American Passive House Conference November 7-8, 2008 in Duluth, MN

For Conference and Exhibit Info:www.passivehouse.us


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