the passover, the hagaddah and the last supper...exodus 12 4 now if the household is too small for a...

The Passover, the Hagaddahand the Last Supper

Body&

Soul

Exodus 12

Now said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, 2 “This month shall be the beginning of months for you; it is to be the first month of the year to you. 3 Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, ‘On the tenth of this month they are each one to take a lamb for themselves, according to their fathers’ households, a lamb for each household.

Tishri ‐‐‐‐‐‐> Nissan

Exodus 12

Now Yehovah said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, 2 “This month shall be the beginning of months for you; it is to be the first month of the year to you. 3 Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, ‘On the tenth of this month they are each one to take a lamb for themselves, according to their fathers’ households, a lamb for each household.

Exodus 12

4 Now if the household is too small for a lamb, then he and his neighbor nearest to his house are to take one according to the number of persons in them; according to what each man should eat, you are to divide the lamb.

God makes provision for the poorthroughout the sacrificial system.

Exodus 12

5 Your lamb shall be an unblemished male a year old; you may take it from the sheep or from the goats. 6 You shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month, then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel is to kill it at twilight.

Exodus 12

7 Moreover, they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel of the houses in which they eat it.

Exodus 12

8 They shall eat the flesh that same night, roasted with fire, and they shall eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. 9 Do not eat any of it raw or boiled at all with water, but rather roasted with fire, both its head and its legs along with its entrails. 10 And you shall not leave any of it over until morning, but whatever is left of it until morning, you shall burn with fire.

Exodus 12

11 Now you shall eat it in this manner: withyour loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in haste – it isPassover. 12 For I will go through the land of Egypt on that night, and will strike down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments – I am Yehovah.

Exodus 12

11 Now you shall eat it in this manner: with your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in haste – it is Yehovah’s Passover. 12 For I will go through the land of Egypt on that night, and will strike down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and

– I am .

Exodus 12

13 The blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you live; and when I see the blood I will pass over you, and no plague will befall you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.

Exodus 12

14 “This day shall be for you a memorial day, and you shall keep it as a feast to ; throughout your generations, as a statute forever,you shall keep it as a feast.

1 Corinthians 57…For Christ our Passover also has been sacrificed. 8 Therefore let us celebrate the feast,…

Exodus 12

14 “This day shall be for you a memorial day, and you shall keep it as a feast to ; throughout your generations, as a statute forever,you shall keep it as a feast.

Ezekiel 44They shall also keep My laws and My statutes in all My appointed feasts and sanctify My sabbaths.

Feasts of Yehovah

• Spring Feasts (1st Month: Nissan)– Passover– Feast of Unleavened Bread– Feast of First Fruits

• Feast of Weeks• Fall Feasts (7th Month: Tishri)

– Feast of Trumpets– Yom Kippur– Feast of Tabernacles

……..Pentecost

Feasts of Yehovah

• Spring Feasts (1st Month: Nissan)– Passover–– Feast of First Fruits

• Feast of Weeks……..• Fall Feasts (7th Month: Tishri)

– Feast of Trumpets– Yom Kippur–

Feasts of Yehovah

• Spring Feasts (1st Month: Nissan)– Passover– Feast of Unleavened Bread– Feast of First Fruits

• Feast of Weeks……..Pentecost• Fall Feasts (7th Month: Tishri)

– Feast of Trumpets– Yom Kippur– Feast of Tabernacles

For Christ our Passover lambhas been sacrificed.

1 Corinthians 5:7

Passover Lamb

• Male without blemish Exodus 12:5

• No bones brokenExodus 12:46, Psalm 34:20

• Chosen 5 days prior to sacrifice

Jesus

• Male without blemish1 Peter 1:19

• No bones were brokenJohn 19:32‐36

• Entered Jerusalem 5 days prior to crucifixion

John12:12

Passover Lamb• Sacrificed “outside the gates”

Deuteronomy 16:5

• Tied to the horns of the altar at 9:00 am

• Sacrificed at 3:00 pm

• High Priest said, “It is finished” after the lamb was sacrificed.

Jesus• Sacrificed outside of Jerusalem

Luke 23:33; John 19:17Matthew 27:33; Heb 13:12

• Nailed to the cross at 9:00 am

Mark 15:25• Died at 3:00 pm

Matthew 27:46‐50• “It is Finished”

John 19:30

“I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer; for I say to you, I shall never again eat it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.” Luke 22:15‐16

Exodus 1215 For seven days you are to eat bread made without yeast. On the first day remove the yeast from your houses, for whoever eats anything with yeast in it from the first day through the seventh must be cut off from Israel.

Candle: Word of God (Psalm 119: 105) “Lamp…Light…”Feather: God (Psalm 91:4) “He will cover you with His pinions”Spoon: Cross (Deuteronomy 21:22‐23) “…hang him on a tree…” Linen: Christ’s burial garb (Mark 15:46)

“…wrapped Him in a Linen cloth…”Burned Outside the Home: Sacrificial offering (Hebrews 13:12)

“…Jesus…suffered outside the gates.”

Jesus Removes the Leven from His Father’s House

13 The Passover of the Jews was near, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. 14 And He found in the temple those who were selling oxen and sheep and doves, and the money changers seated at their tables. 15 And He made a scourge of cords, and drove them all out of the temple, with the sheep and the oxen; and He poured out the coins of the money changers and overturned their tables; 16 and to those who were selling the doves He said, “Take these things away; stop making My Father’s house a place of business.” 17 His disciples remembered that it was written, “Zeal for Your house will consume me.”

John 2

Final Passover Cleaning: Matthew 21:12‐13

6 Your boasting is not good. Do you not know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump of dough? 7 Clean out the old leaven so that you may be a new lump, just as you are in fact unleavened. For Christ our Passover lambalso has been sacrificed. 8 Therefore let us celebrate the feast, not with old leaven, nor with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.

1 Corinthians 5

6 Your boasting is not good. Do you not know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump of dough? 7 Clean out the old leaven so that you may be a new lump, just as you are in fact unleavened. For Christ our Passover lamb also has been sacrificed. 8 Therefore let us celebrate the feast, not with old leaven, nor with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.

1 Corinthians 5

let us celebrate the feast,

Matzah

Unleavened: Hebrews 4:15

For we do not have a high priest who is unable to empathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been

tempted in every way, just as we are ‐ yet he did not sin.

Matzah

Striped: Isaiah: 53:5But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was on

him, and by his stripes we are healed.

Matzah

Pierced: Psalm 22:16

… a pack of villains encircles me;they pierce my hands and my feet.

Matzah

Pierced: Zechariah12:10

They will look on me, את the one they have pierced, and they will mourn for him as one mourns for an only child, and grieve bitterly for him as one grieves for a firstborn son.

Matzah

Pierced: Revelation 1:7

“Look, he is coming with the clouds,”and “every eye will see him,even those who pierced him”;

Lighting of the Candles


Blessed are You Yehovah our God,ruler of the universe who makes us holy with commandments and commands us to light the (Shabbat and) festival lights.


‐Women do not officiate in any Jewish religious rituals

‐ Foreshadows the virgin birth‐ It is a woman that brings us

the “Light of the World”

Passover Hagadah• Kiddush: Cup of Sanctification• Urchatz: Hand Washing• Karpas: Dipping the Vegetable• Yachatz: Braking the Middle Matzah• Maggid: Retelling the Passover Story

Cup of Judgment• Maror: Bitter herbs• Korech: Chazeret• Shulchan Orech: Festive meal• Tzafun & Berach: Afikoman and Cup of Wine• Hallel & Nirtzah

Zeroa: The shank bone of a Lamb symbolizes the lamb eaten before they left Egypt.

Chazeret: (Bitter vegetable) The bitter herbs represent the bitterness of bondage.

Maror: ((Horseradish) The bitter herbs represent the bitterness of bondage.

Charocet: The Haroset is a mixture of apples, nuts, grape juice and cinnamon. It represents the mortar the Israelites used to build the Egyptian cities and the sweetness of God’s kindness.

Karpas: The Karpas symbolizes the new life for God's people. The non‐bitter vegetable is dipped into salt water representing the tears of slavery

Beitzah: The egg is a traditional symbol of mourning. It is also symbolic of the festival sacrifice made in Biblical times. (Added during the Babylonian captivity.)

Sanctification Judgment Redemption RejoicingKingdom

PASSOVER

MEAL

6 ‘I am , and 1) I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, 2) and I will deliver you from their bondage. 3) I will also redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great judgments. 4) 7 Then I will take you for My people, and I will be your God;

Exodus 6

1. Sanctification 3. Redemption2. Judgment 4. Rejoicing


PASSOVER

MEAL

Kiddush

Blessed are You, YEHOVAH, our God, King of the universe, who creates the fruit of the vine.

Blessed are You, YEHOVAH, our God, King of the universe, who has chosen us from among all people, and raised us above all tongues, and made us holy through His commandments.And You, YEHOVAH, our God, have given us in love.

‐ Cup of Sanctification‐ Sanctifies all that comes after‐ God has set apart the Jewish people to Himself

Urchatz: Hand Washing

• Ritual hand washing before handling food• No prayer or blessing is spoken• The point in the celebration when Jesus washed the disciples feet

Then He poured water into the basin, and began to wash the disciples’ feet and to wipe them with the towel with which He was girded.


So when He had washed their feet, and taken His garments and reclined at the table again, He said to them, “Do you know what I have done to you?

13 You call Me Teacher and Lord; and you are right, for so I am. 14 If I then, the Lord and the Teacher, washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another’s feet.


15 For I gave you an example that you also should do as I did to you. 16 Truly, truly, I say to you, a slave is not greater than his master, nor is one who is sent greater than the one who sent him. 17 If you know these things, you are blessed if you do them.

Karpas: Dipping the Vegetable• Parsley or celery is dipped into salt water, twice• Salt water represents the tears of the Jews• Reminds them of the bitterness of slavery• Second dip is to recall the drowning of

Pharaoh's army in the Red Sea

Yachatz: Braking the Middle Matzah

Three Matzahs‐ Father‐ Son‐ Holy Spirit

Afikomen (“It comes later”)‐Middle Matzah is broken‐ Larger piece is hidden outside

of the dining room‐Children will search for it later

Yachatz: Braking the Middle Matzah

This is the bread of affliction that our fathers ate in the land of Egypt. Whoever is hungry, let him come and eat; whoever is in need, let him come and conduct the Seder of Passover. This year [we are] here; next year in the land of Israel. This year [we are] slaves; next year [we will be] free people.

33 “ I am the bread of life; he who comes to Me will not hunger ….51 I am the living bread that came down out of heaven; if anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever; and the bread also which I will give for the life of the world is My flesh.”

John 6:33,51

Mah Nishtana?What makes this night different from all other nights?

• On all other nights, we eat chametz or matzah.Tonight, why only matzah?

• On all other nights, we eat any kind of vegetable.Tonight, why only bitter vegetables?

• On all other nights, we need not dip even once.Tonight, why do we dip twice?

• On all other nights, we sit upright or reclining.Tonight, why only reclining?

Mah Nishtana?What makes this night different from all other nights?

• Tonight, why only matzah?– Left Egypt in a hurry; no time for the bread to rise

• Tonight, why only bitter vegetables? – Reminder of the bitterness of slavery

• Tonight, why do we dip twice?– Salt water: Reminder of the tears shed– Salt water: Reminder of deliverance at the Red Sea

• Tonight, why only reclining?– No longer slaves, no longer have to stand while eating


PASSOVER

MEAL

Maggid: Retelling the Passover Story‐ Cup of Judgment ‐

• Passover story is told by the father• The symbolic meaning of the items

on the Seder plate are explained• Wine is spilled onto a plate, representing blood,

as each plaque is described• The cup of God’s wrath was overflowing

against Egypt

“God Hardened Pharaoh's Heart”

Exodus 4:21, 9:12, 10:1, 10:20, 14:8,

חזק Chazaq: Strengthen

הקש Qashah: make hard, stiff, stubborn

‐ God חזקוי Pharaoh's heart‐ He did not want Pharaoh to surrender to His will‐ He wanted Pharaoh to willingly recognize and embrace Him as

HardenYehovah Pharaoh

חזק הקש חזק הקש Plague Chazaq Qashah Chazaq Qashah Magicians(Snake) ‐ ‐ + ‐ ReplicatedBlood ‐ ‐ + ‐ ReplicatedFrogs ‐ ‐ ‐ + ReplicatedLice ‐ ‐ + ‐ ‐‐Swarms ‐ ‐ ‐ + ‐‐Livestock ‐ ‐ ‐ + ‐‐Boils + ‐ ‐ ‐ PowerlessHail + ‐ ‐ + ‐‐Locusts + ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐‐Darkness + ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐‐Death + ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐‐

Chazaq: to be or grow firm or strong, strengthenQashah: to make hard, stiff, stubborn


For I will go through the land of Egypt on that night, and will strike down all the firstborn

in the land of Egypt, both man and beast;

and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments— I am YEHOVAH.

Exodus 12:12

Maror: Bitter herbs

• The biter vegetable should be eaten together with a piece of matzah.

• Symbolizes the bitterness of slavery and the bitterness of our sin.

• Likely the time in the meal that Jesus identified Judas as his betrayor

Blessed are You, YEHOVAH, our God, King of the universe, who has commanded us

to eat bitter herbs.

21 When Jesus had said this, He became troubled in spirit, and testified and said, “Truly, truly, I say to you, that one of you will betray Me.” 22 The disciples began looking at one another, at a loss to know of which one He was speaking. 23 There was reclining on Jesus’ bosom one of His disciples, whom Jesus loved. 24 So Simon Peter gestured to him, and said to him, “Tell us who it is of whom He is speaking.” 25 He, leaning back thus on Jesus’ bosom, said to Him, “Lord, who is it?” 26 Jesus then answered, “That is the one for whom I shall dip the morsel and give it to him.” So when He had dipped the morsel, He took and gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot.

John 13:21‐30

John 13

27 After the morsel, Satan then entered into him. Therefore Jesus said to him, “What you do, do quickly.”…30 So after receiving the morsel he went out immediately; and it was night.

John 13

Charoset

• Remind them of the mortar they used in Egypt• Apples, nuts, cinnamon, honey, & grape juice• The eaten together with a piece of matzah.

– Some eat alone some with the morar

• Removes the bitter taste left by the maror• God removed His people from the bitterness

of slavery in Egypt.

For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory that is to be revealed to us.

Romans 8:18

Korech: Chazeret

• Root of bitterness• Source of the maror• Reminds us that the very root of life can be bitter

Shulchan Orech: Festive meal• Passover feast• Today does not include lamb because it cannot be sacrificed at the temple as required


PASSOVER

MEAL

Tzafun & Berach: Afikoman and Cup of Wine

• After the meal the children search for the Afikoman

• There is a reward for the one that finds it• A small piece is broken from it

and given to each person• Must be eaten before midnight• Sephardic Jews, as they eat it say,

“In remembrance of the Lamb.”• This is the bread Jesus used for communion!• This is the cup of wine he used for communion!

Tzafun & Berach: Afikoman and Cup of Wine

• Jesus does not drink this cup – he must die.

27 And when He had taken a cup and given thanks, He gave it to them, saying, “Drink from it, all of you; 28 for this is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for forgiveness of sins. 29 But I say to you, I will not drink of this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it new with you in My Father’s kingdom.”

Matthew 26:27‐29

23…the Lord Jesus in the night in which He was betrayed took bread; 24 and when He had given thanks, He broke it and said, “This is My body, which is for you; do this in remembrance of Me.” 25 In the same way He took the cup also after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of Me.” 26 For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until He comes. 1 Corinthians 11:23‐26

23…the Lord Jesus in the night in which He was betrayed took bread; 24 and when He had given thanks, He broke it and said, “This is My body, which is for you; do this in remembrance of Me.” 25 In the same way He took the cup also after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of Me.” 26 For as often as you eat thebread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until He comes. 1 Corinthians 11:23‐26

“Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood, you have no life in yourselves. 54 He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day. 55 For My flesh is true food, and My blood is true drink. 56 He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him. John 6:53‐56


Cup of Judgment• Maror: Bitter herbs• Korech: Chazeret • Shulchan Orech: Festive meal• Tzafun & Berach: Afikoman and Cup of Wine• Hallel & Nirtzah

Hallel

And when they had sung a hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives.• Psalms 113 through 118 would be sung• Messianic hymns of Praise to God• Disciples never drank the final cup

5 From my distress I called upon ; …6 is for me; I will not fear; What can man do to me? 7 is for me among those who help me; Therefore I will look with satisfaction on those who hate me. 8 It is better to take refuge in Than to trust in man. 9 It is better to take refuge in Than to trust in princes.

Psalm 118

22 The stone which the builders rejected Has become the chief corner stone.

23 This is doing; It is marvelous in our eyes.

24 This is the day which has made; Let us rejoice and be glad in it.

25 O do save, we beseech You;

Psalm 118


PASSOVER

MEAL

Elijah Cup

• A place is set for the prophet Elijah• A cup of wine is poured for him in anticipation of his coming and announcing that Messiah has come!

• Children go to the door to look for him• “Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord”

Elijah Cup

• John denied being Elijah– John 1:21

• Jesus said John could have been Elijah if only they had believed– Matthew 11:14

• Elijah one of the two witnesses in Revelation?– Revelation 11:3

Nitzrah


Cup of Judgment• Maror: Bitter herbs• Korech: Chazeret • Shulchan Orech: Festive meal• Tzafun & Berach: Afikoman and Cup of Wine• Hallel & Nirtzah

the passover, the hagaddah and the last supper...exodus 12 4 now if the household is too small for a...

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