The Periodic Tableand

Periodic TrendsChapter 5

Standard #1: Atomic and Molecular Structure

Halogens

Alk

ali M

etal

sA

lkal

ine

Eart

h M

etal

s

Transition Metals

Inner Transition Metals

Noble G

ases

B

Si

Ge As

Sb Te

At

Metalloids/ Semi-metals

THE FAMILIES OF THE PERIODIC TABLE

Po

The Blocks of the periodic table

s-block

d-block

p-block

f-block

The valence electrons spin in a sphere

The valence electrons spin a figure 8 patternThe valence

electrons spin in a four lobe pattern

Too complex

RIDDLE: What does Sodium Oxide and

Rihanna have in common?

They both are called

Oh Na Na

Some Facts about the periodic table:

18 vertical columns

7 Horizontal rows

II. FAMILY /GROUP

III. PERIOD

Can you do this?? Tom Lehrerthe elements song

pianist, musician and retired mathematician ,

UC Santa Cruz

Characteristics of METALS1. GOOD Conductors of heat and electricity

2. Solid at Room Temperture

3.3.MalleableMalleable(to make into (to make into

sheets)sheets)4.4. Ductile Ductile (to make into a (to make into a

wire)wire)

Pure

Copper Metal

Except Mercury (Hg)

Take out a sheet of paper

chemical properties of metals video

Characteristics of Non-Metals1.Poor Conductors of heat and electricity

2.Mostly Gases

4. Texture Varies

Chlorine

Carbon

Sulfur

Bromine

Iodine

Carbon

chemical properties of non metals video

The Metalloids or Semimetals have some characteristics of both

1. Can be shiny or dull. 2. Some are malleable/ductile.3. Some conduct heat and electricity.

Silicon

Johann Dobereiner

You can calculate the mass of the middle element by knowing the one above it an below it!

Try Ni 59

Pd X

Pt 195

John Newlands

Law of OCTAVES

Every 8th element repeats in

patternHe arranged the 62 known elements in order of increasing atomic weights

Dimitr

i

Mendele

evA.K.AThe

Father of

Chemistry

Gets credit for publishing the

First Periodic Table

Mendeleev’s Periodic table

Henry Moseley

Corrected periodic table by arranging it Corrected periodic table by arranging it according to the according to the atomic numberatomic number..

Video Organizing the Elements Mendeleevs Table

clip

Stop!

Review of metals/Non-metalsVideo clips

Review before the periodic trends

Periodic TrendsA.The Atomic Radius: The distance from the center of the

nucleus to the valence electron.

1. Down a group

Going down a group, the electron orbitals (shell)

increase, causing the radius to get BIGGER!

2. Going Across the (period)

There is a greater attraction which will cause the radius to get smaller.

Ionic Radius:.

atomic radius: .152nm ionic radius (1+ ion): .060nm

e-

1. Cation:

The distance from center of nucleus to valence electron for the ion.

An atom that loses electrons (+)

The cation is smaller than the original atom because it

loses an electron and orbital.

F-1

anion

1. Anion: An atom that gains electrons (-)

e-

--

-

-

-

-

--

The anion will be larger than the atom because it will have greater electron repulsion

F atom

atom

cation

atom

anion

C. Ionization Energy The amount of energy needed to remove an electron (to make a cation)

1. Going down a Family:

Requires LESS Ionization Energy because valence

electron is further away from the nucleus.

1. Going across a period:

It takes MORE ionization energy because the electrons are held closer

to the nucleus.

Can Lithium lose more than 1 electron?

520.2 KJ/mol

7290.1 KJ/mol

..

.

11,815.0 KJ/mol

Li +1

(looks like He with 2 e-)

Li+1 (520KJ/mol)

Li+2 (7298.1KJ/mol)

Li+3 (11,815.0KJ/mol)

Electronegativity:

A. Going down a family:

B. Going across a period:

Reflects the atoms ability to attract electronsReflects the atoms ability to attract electronsNOT attracting electrons….too big and wants to get rid of electrons

Has a high attraction for electrons…

.small and needing electrons

High electronegativity

Low

electronegativity

_____________is the most electronegative element and _______________is the least

Fluorine

Francium