The Periodic Table

Dimitri Mendeleev was the Russian scientist who developed the original Periodic Table

The Periodic Table is an arrangement of all elements in

order of atomic number.

Groups (family)

A column in the periodic tableElements have similar propertiesElements in the same group have

the same number of valence electrons (Outer Ring Electrons)

Periods

A row on the periodic tableElements in the same period have

the same number of electron rings

Properties of Elements

An element’s physical and chemical properties can be predicted by its location on the periodic table.

Hydrogen

Composed of a single proton and a single electron, hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe

It is estimated that 90% of the visible universe is composed of hydrogen.

Hydrogen is the raw fuel that most stars 'burn' to produce energy.

Metals Located on the left side of the zig-zag line Lose electrons easily during chemical reactions Solid at room temp. (except for mercury – Hg) Shiny (sometimes) Good conductors of heat & electricity Magnetic Malleable: Can be hammered into sheets Ductile: Can be pulled into wire

Alkali Metals Group 1 on periodic table Lustrous, silvery solids Soft enough to be cut with a knife Highly reactive (not found as free metal in

nature) Get more reactive as you move down the

group (click on link for video)

Sodium and Potassium are essential to life for animals and plants

Alkaline earth metals Group 2 metals Denser, harder and have higher melting and

boiling points than group 1 metals Less reactive than group 1, but still highly

reactive (not found in nature as free metals) Calcium needed by living things

http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_transmetal.html

Transition Metals

Lanthanide Series (transition metals)

Actinide Series (transition metals)

Transition Metals Most of the metals are transition metals Include most of the common metals like iron,

nickel, silver, zinc, gold, copper, etc. Hard and shiny Good conductors of electricity and heat Stable – react slowly or not at all with air and

water Some transition metals used by living things

Metalloids

MetalloidsBoron, Germanium & Silicon

Have some properties of metals and nonmetals

Touch the zig-zag line of the periodic table

Non-MetalsON

S

C

P

Se

Nonmetals Located on the right side of the zig-zag line Usually gain or share electrons during chemical

reactions Includes gases Dull, Brittle – if solid Not malleable or ductile Not good conductors

Carbon, Nitrogen & Oxygen Nitrogen – about 78% of Earth’s atmosphere Oxygen –

nearly 21% of the earth's atmospherehighly reactive element and is capable of combining

with most other elements required by most living organisms required for most forms of combustion

Carbon - Many carbon compounds are essential for life as we know it

(entire branch of chemistry – organic chemistry - devoted to carbon compounds)

more non-metals

Halogen Family Halogen means “salt-forming” Very reactive – like to bond with group 1

elements For example – Sodium bonds with chlorine to

form…NaCl

Also non-metals

Noble Gases Very stable and non-reactive (inert) Do not usually form compounds with other

elements

Have a full valence shell – this is why they DO NOT form compounds