the periodic table elemental video:
TRANSCRIPT
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The Periodic Table
Elemental Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PSzSTilu_s
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Why is the Periodic Table important ?
• The periodic table is the most useful tool to a chemist.
• It organizes lots of information about all the known elements.
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Groups: Vertical Lines
• Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties!!
Why?• They have the same
number of valence electrons.
• They will form same kind of ions.
• Combine the same way
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• Elements in the same row or period, have same number of energy levels.
11Na 13 Al 15P
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Lewis Dot Diagram
Symbol of the element and dots representing the valence electrons
Na ● Ca ● ● Al ●
● ●
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Rule of 8
• The majority of the elements form ions in order to have 8 electrons on their last energy level. ( they want to be like the noble gases and have their last level complete)
Na and Cl
Why table salt NaCl exists in nature ?
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Hydrogen • Forms H+1 ion• Hydrogen belongs to a family
of its own.
• Hydrogen is a diatomic, reactive gas: H2
• Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg.
• Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles
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Group 1 - Alkali Metals Li to Fr
.All have 1 valence electron
.All form X1+
• Very reactive metals.
• Soft metals.
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Group 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals
Be to RaAll have 2 v.eAll form X+3
• Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca)
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Transition Metals
• Elements in the middle• Less reactive, harder
metals• Includes metals used in
jewelry and construction.• Metals used in alloys
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Group 3 - Boron Family
• Elements in group 13• Aluminum metal was
once rare and expensive, not a “disposable metal.”
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Group 4 - Carbon Family• Contains elements
important to life and computers.
• Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry.
• Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.
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Group 5 - Nitrogen Family• Elements in group 15• Nitrogen makes up over
¾ of the atmosphere.• Nitrogen and phosphorus
are both important in living things.
• Most of the world’s nitrogen is not available to living things.
• The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.
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Group 6 - Oxygen Family
• Elements in group 16• Oxygen is necessary for
respiration.• Many things that stink,
contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)
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Group 7 - Halogens
From F to IAll have 7 v.eAll form X-1
• Very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals
• Always found combined with other element in nature .
• Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.
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Group 8 - Noble Gases
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The Noble Gases
He to RnHave last level complete• VERY unreactive gases• Used in lighted “neon”
signs