the periodic table father of the periodic table in the early 1800s several scientists tried to...
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The Periodic Table
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Father of the Periodic Table
In the early 1800s several scientists tried to organize the elements
In 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev was able to arrange elements by their chemical properties, using rows and columns
We call this table periodic because it shows a periodic, repeating pattern of properties of the elements.
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Reading the Periodic Table
Atomic number
Atomic mass
Element nameChemical symbol1313AlAl
26.98126.981AluminumAluminum
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Pop Quiz Question #1
Who is Dmitri Mendeleev?
A. He discovered the most elements.
B. He created the periodic table
C. He named the periodic table
D. He discovered Mendelevium (atomic number 101)
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Groups and Periods
Elements in a vertical column have similar physical and chemical properties
Vertical columns are called groups or families
The chemical properties of elements in horizontal rows show a progression
Horizontal rows are called periods
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Pop Quiz Question #2
Which way is a group organized?
A. A group is a row.
B. A group is a column.
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Trends on the Periodic Table
Sizes of the atoms decrease as we move from left to right across a period
This is due to the increasing number of protons in the nucleus, so the electrical attraction between the nucleus and the orbiting electrons gets stronger and pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus
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Atom size decreasesAtom
size increases
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Pop Quiz Question #5
How does the size of atoms change as you go from left to right across the periodic table?
A. Atoms get larger moving left to right
B. Atoms get larger moving right to left
C. Atoms get larger moving down a group
D. Atoms get larger moving up a group
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Three Main Regions
Metals –on the left
Metalloids –stair steps
Nonmetals – on the right
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Characteristics of Most Metals
ShinyMalleable and ductile (can be shaped
into sheets and wires)Good conductors of heat and electricitySolid at room temperature (except
Mercury)
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Alkali Metals
Soft, silvery colored metals
Very reactive!!!
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Alkali Metals reacting with water:
Li (Lithium) Na (Sodium) K (Potassium) Rb (Rubidium) Cs (Cesium)
What would you expect from Francium?!?!
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Alkaline Earth Metals
Silvery-White Metals (shiny)
Fairly reactive
Many are found in rocks in the earth’s crust
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Transition Metals
Malleable Conductors of heat/ electricity
&
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Pop Quiz Question #6
What are the three main parts to the periodic table?
A. Solids, liquids, gases
B. Protons, neutrons, electrons
C. Metals, nonmetals, metalloids
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How many things can you think of that have
Transition Metals in them?
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Metalloids lie on either side of these “stair steps”
They share properties with both metals and non-metals
Si (Silicon) and Ge (Germanium) are very important “semi-conductors”
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What are semiconductors used in?
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Nonmetals
Brittle
Do not conduct electricity
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Most are Poisonous
Fairly reactive
Halogens
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Chlorine Gas was used as a chemical weapon during World War I.
It was used by the Nazis in World War II.
Halogen Uses
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Unreactive
Gases at room temperature
Noble Gases
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Neon Signs with Noble Gases
Neon Argon Helium
Krypton Xenon
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Actinide SeriesRare Earth metalsLanthanide Series
Radioactive metals
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The Elements Song
Sung by Tom Lehrer, from the 1959 periodic table