the periodic table of elements
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The Periodic Table of Elements. Elements. Science has come a long way since Aristotle’s first idea of earth, wind, fire, and air. Scientists have identified 90 natural elements and the rest have been created. Elements. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Periodic Table of Elements
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Elements
• Science has come a long way since Aristotle’s first idea of earth, wind, fire, and air.
• Scientists have identified 90 natural elements and the rest have been created
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Elements
• Elements, alone or in combinations, make up our bodies, our world, our sun, our universe!
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• The position of an element on the Periodic table reveals a great deal of information about the element
• Understanding the organization of the Periodic Table will help you obtain information of the 118 known elements
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The elements of the Periodic Table can be organized into three main categories (Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids).
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The elements are also categorized into periods or horizontal rows. These periods do NOT show
trends.
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• Elements in the Periodic Table are also grouped in families/groups
• Elements in families have similar properties
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Families• Families in the Periodic Table share Chemical
Properties because they have the same number of Electrons in the valence shell.
• This means the elements in a family bond with other elements in a similar way to other elements in the same family.
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Metals
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Properties of Metals• Most are solid at room temperature• Have a luster (means they are shiny)• Are ductile (means they can be drawn into a
wire)• Are malleable (means they can be hammered
into sheets)
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Properties of Metals• Have HIGH melting points• Are dense• Good conductors of heat and electricity• A chemical property of metal is its reaction to
air and water. This results in corrosion and rust.
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Properties of Metals
• Most metals have 3 or less valence electrons and are more likely to lose these electrons in chemical bonds
• Metals are attracted to magnets
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Non-Metals
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Non-Metals
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Properties of Non-Metals• Many are gases at room temperature• Non-metals are NOT shiny, they are dull• Are brittle and break easily (not ductile or
malleable)• Have a low density
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Properties of Non-Metals
• Low melting point• Poor conductors of heat and electricity
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Properties of Non-Metals
• Non-Metals have 5 or more valence electrons and therefore usually gain electrons in chemical bonds
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Uses of Non-Metals
• Oxygen – Used for respiration for living things, burning of fuels, etc.
• Sulphur – Used for making sulphuric acid, salts of metals, etc.
• Nitrogen – Used for making ammonia which is used for making fertilizers
• Hydrogen – Used as fuel in rockets, welding, etc.• Chlorine – Used to kill germs in water
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Metalloids
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Metalloids• Metalloids can be found clustered together
around the dark zig-zag line that separates the metals from the non-metals
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Properties of Metalloids
• Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals
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Properties of metalloids
• Metalloids can be shinny or dull
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Properties of Non-Metals
• They conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals but not as well as metals
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Properties of Metalloids
• Metalloids are malleable and ductile
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