the pharmacological properties of terpenoids from sandoricum … · 2011. 12. 23. · 1887. the...

Article ID: WMC001311 2046-1690

The Pharmacological Properties Of TerpenoidsFrom Sandoricum KoetjapeCorresponding Author:Dr. Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid,Lecturer in Universiti Sains Malaysia , Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Universiti Sains Malaysia, , Minden 11800, Pulau Penang, Malaysia, 11800 - Malaysia

Submitting Author:Mr. Zeyad D Nassar,Master Student , Department of Pharmacology , School of Pharmacy , University Sains Malaysia , School ofPharmaceutical Sciences, USM , 11800 - Malaysia

Article ID: WMC001311

Article Type: Review articles

Submitted on:09-Dec-2010, 06:33:14 PM GMT Published on: 10-Dec-2010, 07:35:24 PM GMT

Article URL: http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/1311

Subject Categories:COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE

Keywords:Terpenoids, Koetjapic acid, Sandoricum koetjape, Natural compounds, complementary medicine

How to cite the article:Nassar Z , Aisha A , Abdul Majid A . The Pharmacological Properties Of TerpenoidsFrom Sandoricum Koetjape . WebmedCentral COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2010;1(12):WMC001311

Source(s) of Funding:

This work was financially supported by Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Research University Grant [Grant1001/PFARMASI/81144]

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The Pharmacological Properties Of TerpenoidsFrom Sandoricum KoetjapeAuthor(s): Nassar Z , Aisha A , Abdul Majid A

Abstract

Sandoricum koetjape is a traditional plant belonging tothe family of Meliaceae. It is native to Southeast Asiancountries, including Malaysia and Philippines. InMalaysia, it is locally known as Santol. The tree is amedium-sized with edible fruit. In Malaysia, theaqueous extract of the bark is traditionally consumedas a tonic after giving birth. Number of comprehensivestudies on its phytochemical and pharmacologicalproperties has been reported. Various bioactivecompounds have been isolated from fruits, seeds,leaves and bark. More than 10 terpenoids have beenisolated and studied for their potential medicinalproperties. Terpenoids represent the largest class ofsecondary metabolites from the natural source. Thisarticle aims to review the pharmacological propertiesof the isolated terpenoids from Sandoricum koetjape.

Review

Influence of medicinal plants on diseasestreatment: Plants have formed the basis of sophisticatedtraditional medicine systems that have been inexistence for thousands of years [1]. Plants have beenutilized to heal ailments from alleviating headache totreating heart diseases [2].The first illustrated book about gathering, preparationand use of medicinal plants was written by ChineseEmperor Shen Nung before 3000 thousand years [1].The Greeks also contributed in the development of theherbal drugs. “De Materia Medica” written byDioscorides, the Greek physician (100 A.D.),described more than 600 medicinal plants [2]. Theexpertises of Greeks in herbal medicine werepreserved only by Arabs, during the dark and middleAges. Arabs developed this science using their ownresources and together with Greco-Roman, Chineseand Indian herbs [1].The shift from using ordinary herbal medicines tomodern pharmaceuticals was just started in 1800s.This transfer was due starting isolation of purecompounds from plants. In 1805, morphine was

purified from the opium .Following the isolation ofsalicylic acid from the bark of the willow tree,Hoffmann synthesized aspirin in 1897. Ephedrine wasisolated from the Chinese herb mahuang (Ephedra) in1887. The antimalarial drug artemisinin was developedin 1972 from the Chinese herb qinghao (sweetwormwood, Artemisia annua L.) [3].Although, humans depend on plants from thousandsyears, the science of medicinal plants is still a vastlyunknown. Scholars estimate that 5 % of 250000species of plants have been investigated [2]. This factpoints in the importance of screen new plants for theirpharmacological properties.Natural products and cancer treatment:Some secondary metabolites of the plants such asalkaloids, terpenoids and glycosides serve either asprotective agents against various pathogens (e.g.insects, fungi or bacteria) or growth regulatorymolecules (e.g. hormone-like substances), as a result,secondary metabolites can serve as potentialanticancer drugs, either by direct cytotoxic activityagainst cancer cells or by modulating the tumordevelopment process [4]. In fact, natural products areconsidered as a mainstay in cancer treatment, as 60%of worldwide anticancer drugs between 1983 and 1994were from natural origin [5]. The most famous examples are vinblastine andvincristine from Catharanthus roseus, paclitaxel fromTaxus brevifolia Nutt, etoposide and teniposide whichare epimers of podophyllotoxin which isolated fromroots of various species of the genus podophyllum,and camptothecin which isolated from the Chinesetree Camptotheca acuminata [6]. The impact of theseproducts in cancer treatment is very obvious,paclitaxel and camptothecin were estimated toaccount for nearly one-third of the global anticancermarket or about $3 billion of $9 billion in total annuallyin 2002 [7].Terpenoids:Terpenoids are defined as secondary metabolites withmolecular structures containing carbon backbonesmade up of isoprene (2-methylbuta- 1, 3-diene) units.Isoprene contains five carbon atoms and as a result,the number of carbon atoms in any terpenoids is amultiple of five. The terpenoids consists of twoisoprene units, i .e. ten carbon atoms. Theclassification of terpenoids based on the number ofisoprene units [8] (Table 1).



More than 36000 terpenoids compounds have beenidentified, making terpenoids the largest class of plantmetabolites. Most of the thousands of terpenoidsproduced by plants have no discernible role in growthand development and are, therefore, often classifiedas ‘secondary’ metabolites. Although comparativelyfew of these substances have been investigated indepth, they are thought to serve primarily in ecologicalroles, providing defence against and acting asattractants for animals that disperse pollen or seeds oras inhibitors of germination and growth ofneighbouring plants [9-11]

The te rpeno ids g roup show s ign i f i can tpharmacological activities, such as anti-viral,anti-bacterial, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory,inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and anti-canceractivities [12].Sandoricum koetjape:S. koetjape is traditional medicinal plant belonging tothe family Meliaceae, it is native to Malaysia,Cambodia and Southern Laos. It has been introducedinto the Philippines, India, Indonesia, and AndamanIslands since long time ago. A few samples wereintroduced into North and South America such asHonduras and Costa Rica, and Miami and Florida inUSA [13]. S .koetjape is an evergreen tree grows 15-45 m tall infast manner, as the plant gets older the trunk getbuttressed and branched close to the ground. Youngerbranches have dense brown hair. The 3 leaflets leavesare compound, elliptic to oblong-ovate, 20-25 cm long,blunt at the base and pointed at the apex. The flowersare 1 cm long consist of 5 petals stalked panicles15-30 cm in length, and have green, yellow, orpinkish-yellow colour Plate 1.1 shows picture of leaves, seeds and fruits of S. koetjape .There are two types of S. koetjape fruit, viz, red oryellow. The rind of the former type is sour, havethicker rind and the amount of pulp is less. While theyellow fruits are sweet, have thin rind and a thickerpulp. However, nowadays only the yellow variety isavailable in Malaysia [13,14].In Malaysia, S. koetjape is known as sentieh, sentol,setol, sentul, setul, setui, kechapi or ketapi. Thetraditional Indonesian names are ketjapi or sentool.While in Thailand it is called saton, satawn, katon, orka-thon [13,14].The classification of S. koetjape is demonstrated intable 2. Traditional medicinal uses of S. koetjape: In Malaysia, the aqueous extract of the bark istraditionally consumed as a tonic after giving birth [15],while in Indonesia it is used by folk medicalpractitioners to treat leucorrhoea and colic with the

decoction prepared from the bark of the plant [16].Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of S.koetjape: The seeds, leaves, fruits and the stem bark of S.koetjape have been rigorously studied for the chemicalconstituents. Various S. koetjape’s extracts and manyisolated chemicals showed potential pharmacologicalactivities.Andirobin-type limonoids have been isolated from S.koet jape’s seeds, namely sandoric in and6-hydroxysandoricin. These limonoids showedremarkable anti-feedant activities [17].Bryononic acid and bryonolic acid terpenoids andmeso-inositol and dimethyl mucate polyalcohol havebeen isolated from the S. koetjape’s fruits hulls [18]The leaves have been yielded trijugin limonoidsnamely Sandrapins A, B, C, D and E, and sandoripin Aand B [19].Several comprehensive studies have been carried outon the stem bark. A number of triterpenoids have beenisolated from the stem bark such as, katonic acid,i n d i c i c a c i d [ 2 0 ] , k o e t j a p i c a c i d ,3-oxo-12-oleanen-29-oic acid, alloaromadendrene,caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol [21], bryononic acid,secobryononic acid, secoisobryononic acid [22],20-epikoetjapic acid, 3-epikatonic acid and sandorinicacid A, B and C [23]. Figure 1.3 shows chemicalstructure of some terpenoids extracted from the bark.Many pharmacological properties have beeninvestigated for the majority of the isolated terpenoids.The cytotoxic properties of Koetjapic acid, Katonic acidand 3-oxo-12-oleanen-29-oic acid were investigatedagainst ten cancer cell lines. Katonic acid and3-oxo-12-oleanen-29-oic were cytotoxic against manyof cancer cell lines (i.e. IC50 < 20 µg/ml), they werevery potent against murine lymphocytic leukaemiaP-388 cell l ine (IC50 = 0.11 and 0.61 µg/mlrespectively). In contrast, koetjapic acid was inactiveagainst all of tested cancer cell lines [21].Although koetjapic acid has not been reported as acytotoxic compound till now, it showed notable DNApolymerase inhibition activity [24]. Ismail et al.,reporetd ichthyotoxic properties of koetjapic acid and3-oxo-12-oleanen-29-oic acid [25]. However, katonicacid has not exhibited significant ichthyotoxic activity.In the same study, the all three terpenoids wasconsidered as anti-tumor promoting agents as theyshow significant inhibiory effect on induced-Epstin-Barr virus early antigen activation. Koetjapicacid was the most potent agents among the threeterpenoids in the lastest two mentioned assays(Ichthyotoxicity and anti-tumor promoion studies).Koetjapic acid also appears to be a promising cancerchemoprevintive compound, as it remarkably delayed



tumor promotion in two stage mouse carcinogenesisinduced by 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracin andprompoted by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate(TBA) [25]. In TBA-induced mouse ear odema assay to explorethe anti- inflammatory properties, methanolic extract,oxo-12-oleanen-29-oic acid, Katonic acid andKoetjapic acid inhibits inflammation by 94 % 94 %, 81% and 13 % respectively [26]. Koetjapic acid alsoinhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus,methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Pseudomonasaeruginosa, with MIC range of 3.125-6.25 µg/ml [27].Recently, hexan extract of S.koetjape showsnoteworthy anti-angiogenicactivity in a study depended on ex-vivo rat aortic ringassay. Hexan extract also shows selective cytotoxicityagainst colorectal carcinoma HCT 116 cell line. Theapoptotic propoties of S.koetjape hexan extarct havebeen confirmed on two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 andHCT 116 [28,29].Koetjapic acid which is the main compound in S.koetjape was isolated successfully with simplenon-chromotgraphic method with high percentageyeild (Table 3). The remarkaple pharmacologicalactivity make this compound as good candidite as adrug, however, a comprehinsive toxicity study has tobe carried out. Besides, it is very critical to find asolution of poor solubilty of it as well as itsbioavailabilty.

Acknowledgement(s)

Zeyad D. Nassar and A.F.A. Aisha would like toacknowledge USM for the USM Fellowship. This work was financially supported by Universiti SainsMalaysia (USM) Research University Grant [Grant1001/PFARMASI/81144].

References

1. Summner, J. (ed.) (2003) The natural history ofmedicinal plants Timber press, Inc., Oregon2. Samuelsson, G. (ed.) (1999) Drugs of natural origin: a textbook of pharmacognosy SwedishPharmaceutical Press Stockholm.3. Fan, T.-P., Yeh, J.-C., Leung, K.W., Yue, P.Y.K.and Wong, R.N.S. (2006) Angiogenesis: from plants toblood vessels. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,

27, 297-309.4. Kintzios, S.E. (2003) what do we know about cancerand its therapy ? In Kintzios, S.E. and Barberaki, M.G.(eds.), plants that fight cancer CRC press pp. 1-14.5. Cragg, G.M., Newman, D.J. and Snader, K.M.(1997) Natural Products in Drug Discovery andDevelopment. Journal of Natural Products, 60, 52-60.6. Newman, D.J., Cragg, G.M. and Snader, K.M.(2000) The influence of natural products upon drugdiscovery. Nat Prod Rep, 17, 215-34.7. Oberlies, N.H. and Kroll, D.J. (2004) Camptothecinand Taxol:â€‰ Historic Achievements in NaturalProducts Researchâ?¥. Journal of Natural Products,67, 129-135.8. Ashour, M., Wink , M. and J., G. (2010)Biochemistry of terpenoids : monoterpenes ,sesquiterpenes and diterpenes In Wink, M. (ed.),Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism. JohnWiley & Sons, vol. 40.9. Wink, M. (ed.) (2010) Function and Biotechnology ofPlant Secondary Metabolites. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.10. Langenheim, J.H. (1994) Higher plant terpenoids:A phytocentric overview of their ecological roles.Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20, 1223-1280.11. Harborne, J.B. and Tomas-Barberan, F.A. (eds.)(1991) Ecological Chemistry and Biochemistryof PlantTerpenoids, Clarendon, Oxford.12. Mahato, S.B. and Sen, S. (1997) Advances intriterpenoid research, 1990-1994. Phytochemistry, 44,1185-236.13. Morton, J.F. (ed.) (1987) Fruits of warm climatesJulia F. Morton Miami , FL.14. Uphof, J.C. (1959) Dictionary of Economic Plants.Hafner, New York.15. Burkill, I.H. (1966) Dictionary of the EconomicProducts of the Malay Peninsula. Ministry ofAgriculture and Cooperatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.16. Perry, L.M. (1980) Medicinal Plants of East andSoutheast Asia. The MIT Press, Cambridge.17. Powell, R.G., Mikolajczak, K.L., Zilkowski, B.W.,Mantus, E.K., Cherry, D. and Clardy, J. (1991)Limonoid Antifeedants from Seed of Sandoricumkoetjape. Journal of Natural Products, 54, 241-246.18. Sim, K.Y. and Lee, H.T. (1972) Triterpenoid andother constituents from Sandoricum indicum.Phytochemistry, 11, 3341-3343.19. Ismail, I.S., Ito, H., Hatano, T., Taniguchi, S. andYoshida, T. (2003) Modified limonoids from the leavesof Sandoricum koetjape. Phytochemistry, 64,1345-1349.20. King, F.E. and Morgan, J.W.W. (1960) 923. Thechemistry of extractives from hardwoods. Part XXX.The constitution of katonic acid, a triterpene fromsandoricum indicum. Journal of the Chemical Society



(Resumed), 4738-4747.21. Kaneda, N., Pezzuto, J.M., Kinghorn, A.D.,Farnsworth, N.R., Santisuk, T., Tuchinda, P.,Udchachon, J. and Reutrakul, V. (1992) Plantanticancer agents, L. cytotoxic triterpenes fromSandoricum koetjape stems. J Nat Prod, 55, 654-9.22. Kosela, S., Yulizar, Y., Chairul, Tori, M. andAsakawa, Y. (1995) Secomultiflorane-type triterpenoidacids from stem bark of Sandoricum koetjape.Phytochemistry, 38, 691-694.23. Tanaka, T., Koyano, T., Kowithayakorn, T.,Fujimoto, H., Okuyama, E., Hayashi, M., Komiyama, K.and Ishibashi, M. (2001) New Multiflorane-TypeTriterpenoid Acids from Sandoricum indicum. Journalof Natural Products, 64, 1243-1245.24. Hu, H.Y., Horton, J.K., Gryk, M.R., Prasad, R.,Naron, J.M., Sun, D.A., Hecht, S.M., Wilson, S.H. andMullen, G.P. (2004) Identification of small moleculesynthetic inhibitors of DNA polymerase beta by NMRchemical shift mapping. J Biol Chem, 279, 39736-44.25. Ismail, I.S., Ito, H., Mukainaka, T., Higashihara, H.,Enjo, F., Tokuda, H., Nishino, H. and Yoshida, T.(2003) Ichthyotoxic and anticarcinogenic effects oftriterpenoids from Sandoricum koetjape bark. BiolPharm Bull, 26, 1351-3.26. Rasadah, M.A., Khozirah, S., Aznie, A.A. and Nik,M.M. (2004) Anti-inflammatory agents fromSandoricum koetjape Merr. Phytomedicine, 11, 261-3.27. Muhammad, I., El Sayed, K.A., Mossa, J.S.,Al-Said, M.S., El-Feraly, F.S., Clark, A.M., Hufford,C.D., Oh, S. and Mayer, A.M.S. (2000) Bioactive12-Oleanene Triterpene and Secotriterpene Acidsfrom Maytenus undata. Journal of Natural Products,63, 605-610.28. Aisha, A.F.A., Alrokayan, S.A., Abu-Salah, K.M.,Darwis, Y. and Abdul Majid, A.M.S. (2009) In vitroCytotoxic and Apoptotic Properties of the Stem BarkExtract of Sandoricum koetjape on Breast CancerCells. Int. J. Cancer Res., 5, 123-129.29. Aisha, A.F.A., Sahib, H.B., Abu-Salah, K.M.,Darwis, Y. and Abdul Majid, A.M.S. (2009) Cytotoxicand Anti-Angiogenic Properties of the Stem BarkExtract of Sandoricum koetjape. Int. J. Cancer Res., 5,105-114.30. Nassar, Z.D., Aisha, A.F.A., Majid, A.M.S.A., Yeap,C.S. and Fun, H.-K. (2010) Koetjapic acid chloroformhemisolvate. Acta Crystallographica Section E, 66,o1301-o1302.



Class Magnoliopsida, Dicotyledons

Subclass Rosidae

Order Rutales

Suborder Meliineae

Family Meliaceae

Genus Sandoricum

Specific epithet koetjape Merr.

Botanical name Sandoricum koetjape

Synonyms Sandoricum indicum Cav., Sandoricum nervosum

Blume, and Melia koetjape Burm. f.[13]

Illustrations

Illustration 1

Table 1 The classification of Sandricum koetjape



Name No. of isoprene units No. of carbon atoms

Hemiterpenoids 1 5

Monoterpenoids 2 10

Sesquiterpenoids 3 15

Diterpenoids 4 20

Sesterterpenoids 5 25

Triterpenids 6 30

Tetraterpenoids 8 40

Polyisoprenoids >8 >40

Illustration 2

Table 2 The nomenclature of terpenoids.



Reference Percentage yield %

Kaneda et al., 1992 [21] 0.11 %

Tanaka et al., 2001 [23] 0.14%

Rasadah et al., 2004 [26] 0.0036%

Ismail et al., 2003 [25] 0.0825%

Nassar, et al., 2010 [30] 0.2 %

Illustration 3

Table 3 The percentage yield of koetjapic acid gained by previous studies



Illustration 4

Figure 1 Pictures of leaves, seeds and fruits of S.koetjape



Illustration 5

Figure 2 Chemical structures of triterpene isolated from S. koetjape



DisclaimerThis article has been downloaded from WebmedCentral. With our unique author driven post publication peerreview, contents posted on this web portal do not undergo any prepublication peer or editorial review. It iscompletely the responsibility of the authors to ensure not only scientific and ethical standards of the manuscriptbut also its grammatical accuracy. Authors must ensure that they obtain all the necessary permissions beforesubmitting any information that requires obtaining a consent or approval from a third party. Authors should alsoensure not to submit any information which they do not have the copyright of or of which they have transferredthe copyrights to a third party.

Contents on WebmedCentral are purely for biomedical researchers and scientists. They are not meant to cater tothe needs of an individual patient. The web portal or any content(s) therein is neither designed to support, norreplace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician. Your use of theWebmedCentral site and its contents is entirely at your own risk. We do not take any responsibility for any harmthat you may suffer or inflict on a third person by following the contents of this website.



Reviews

Review 1

Review Title: The Pharmacological Properties Of Terpenoids From SandoricumKoetjape Posted by Dr. Malek Alzhihlif on 21 Jan 2011 10:33:08 PM GMT

1 Is the subject of the article within the scope of the subject category? Yes

2 Are the interpretations / conclusions sound and justified by the data? Yes

3 Is this a new and original contribution? Yes

4 Does this paper exemplify an awareness of other research on the topic? Yes

5 Are structure and length satisfactory? Yes

6 Can you suggest brief additions or amendments or an introductory statement that will increasethe value of this paper for an international audience?

Yes

7 Can you suggest any reductions in the paper, or deletions of parts? No

8 Is the quality of the diction satisfactory? Yes

9 Are the illustrations and tables necessary and acceptable? Yes

10 Are the references adequate and are they all necessary? Yes

11 Are the keywords and abstract or summary informative? Yes

Rating: 8

Comment: The “Influence of medicinal plants on diseases treatment” section can be written in more concise way and I thinkthe title does not reflect what is really discussed by the author

From my opinion the author need to introduce more information regarding the mechanism of action in themalignant cell especially the DNA polymerase inhibition story.

One attractive point mentioned in this review is the anti-bacterial activity and more information and scientificfinding will add a better value for the review.

Competing interests: no

Invited by the author to make a review on this article? : Yes

Experience and credentials in the specific area of science: i have beed working on plant extracts activity agianst cancer for a while and some publications will come outsoon

Publications in the same or a related area of science: No

How to cite: Alzhihlif M.The Pharmacological Properties Of Terpenoids From Sandoricum Koetjape [Review ofthe article 'The Pharmacological Properties Of Terpenoids From Sandoricum Koetjape ' by ].WebmedCentral1970;2(1):REVIEW_REF_NUM399


http://http://www.webmedcentral.com/Article_Review_View/399http://http://www.webmedcentral.com/Article_Review_View/399


Review 2

Review Title: The pharmacological properties of terpenoids from 'Sandronicumkoetjape'Posted by Prof. Marcello Iriti on 16 Dec 2010 03:52:22 AM GMT







Yes


8 Is the quality of the diction satisfactory? No

9 Are the illustrations and tables necessary and acceptable? Yes



Rating: 5

Comment: According to my opinion, the manuscript represents a satisfactory review on the pharmacological activities ofSandoricum koetjape. However, I suggest some modifications:

1. pg 2, 'Natyral products and cancer treatment', the authors should better specify the ecological role ofsecondary metabolites (for plant), in oppositio to their biological activities relevant to human health ('as a result' ismisleading). Furthemore, I would add phenylpropanoids to the list of secondary metabolites.

2. I would introduce a review on limonoids, because of their abundance in ??S. koetjape, such as that of Roy andSaraf 2006, Limonoids, overview of significant bioactive triterpenes distributed in plants kingdom, Biol Pharm Bull,as well as the reference Pancharoen et al., 2009, Two new limonoids from the leaves of Sandoricum koetjape,Nar Prod Res 23(1):10-16.

3. A number of typing and diction erroer are present in the text, particularly in pg 4 and also in References.

4. Tables 1 and 2 have been exchamged; in tab 1 (that should be the tab 2) there is 'Sandricum' and in tab 2(that should be the tab 1) there is 'triterpenids'.

5. In the text, fig. 1 and 2 should be reported, instead of 'Plate 1.1' and 'Figure 1.3' (pg 3)

6. The acronym MIC (minimun inhibitory concnetration) should be written in extenso

Competing interests: no

Invited by the author to make a review on this article? : No

Experience and credentials in the specific area of science: Biological activity of grape chemicals

Publications in the same or a related area of science: Yes

References: Iriti, M.; Faoro, F. Bioactivity of grape chemicals for human health. Nat. Prod. Commun., 2009, 4,611-634.

How to cite: Iriti M.The pharmacological properties of terpenoids from 'Sandronicum koetjape'[Review of thearticle 'The Pharmacological Properties Of Terpenoids From Sandoricum Koetjape ' by ].WebmedCentral


http://http://www.webmedcentral.com/Article_Review_View/253http://http://www.webmedcentral.com/Article_Review_View/253


1970;1(12):REVIEW_REF_NUM253



Review 3

Review Title: Sandoricum KoetjapePosted by Mr. Suchir Arora on 12 Dec 2010 12:04:11 PM GMT







No


8 Is the quality of the diction satisfactory? Yes

9 Are the illustrations and tables necessary and acceptable? No



Rating: 8

Comment: General comment on referring some patents as well.... there are many of them focussed on Terpenoids

Competing interests: None

Invited by the author to make a review on this article? : Yes

Experience and credentials in the specific area of science: Yes

Publications in the same or a related area of science: No

How to cite: Arora S.Sandoricum Koetjape[Review of the article 'The Pharmacological Properties Of TerpenoidsFrom Sandoricum Koetjape ' by ].WebmedCentral 1970;1(12):REVIEW_REF_NUM236


http://http://www.webmedcentral.com/Article_Review_View/236


DisclaimerThis article has been downloaded from WebmedCentral. With our unique author driven post publication peerreview, contents posted on this web portal do not undergo any prepublication peer or editorial review. It iscompletely the responsibility of the authors to ensure not only scientific and ethical standards of the manuscriptbut also its grammatical accuracy. Authors must ensure that they obtain all the necessary permissions beforesubmitting any information that requires obtaining a consent or approval from a third party. Authors should alsoensure not to submit any information which they do not have the copyright of or of which they have transferredthe copyrights to a third party.

Contents on WebmedCentral are purely for biomedical researchers and scientists. They are not meant to cater tothe needs of an individual patient. The web portal or any content(s) therein is neither designed to support, norreplace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician. Your use of theWebmedCentral site and its contents is entirely at your own risk. We do not take any responsibility for any harmthat you may suffer or inflict on a third person by following the contents of this website.


IntroductionArticleIllustrationsIllustration 1Illustration 2Illustration 3Illustration 4Illustration 5

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the pharmacological properties of terpenoids from sandoricum … · 2011. 12. 23. · 1887. the...

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