The Philippines The Philippines Diaspora and Gulf OilDiaspora and Gulf Oil

A case study A case study Ann Marie Kimball, MD, MPHAnn Marie Kimball, MD, MPH

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives To understand the “push” and “pull” of To understand the “push” and “pull” of

Philippines emigration for employmentPhilippines emigration for employment Appreciate the importance of chronic Appreciate the importance of chronic

diseases such as coronary artery disease in diseases such as coronary artery disease in developing countries such as Philippinesdeveloping countries such as Philippines

To economically describe the importance of To economically describe the importance of remittances to the economy of the remittances to the economy of the PhilippinesPhilippines

To describe the occupational safety and To describe the occupational safety and disability discrimination issues in overseas disability discrimination issues in overseas contract work. contract work.

DisciplinesDisciplines MedicineMedicine DemographyDemography Public HealthPublic Health EconomicsEconomics Political SciencePolitical Science LawLaw

A Worker from the A Worker from the Philippines:Philippines:

Philippines is Philippines is archipelago nation in archipelago nation in South East AsiaSouth East Asia

Total population is Total population is 83,054,00083,054,000

GDP for is 5,856 per GDP for is 5,856 per capitacapita

Total health Total health expenditure per expenditure per capita is 174, 3.2% capita is 174, 3.2% GDPGDP

““Heart Disease”- ASCVD, Heart Disease”- ASCVD, Isn’t that only a Isn’t that only a “developed” country “developed” country problem?problem? Developing countries Developing countries

have double burden: have double burden: acute infectious diseases acute infectious diseases (uncontrolled) and (uncontrolled) and chronic diseases at rates chronic diseases at rates similar to developed similar to developed countriescountries

The latter point is often The latter point is often obscured by the formerobscured by the former

Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Disease is the leading cause of is the leading cause of death WORLDWIDE death WORLDWIDE

Caused more than 25% Caused more than 25% of deaths in 2001. of deaths in 2001.

Philippines: High Philippines: High PrevalencePrevalence

Cardiovascular Cardiovascular Disease is leading Disease is leading cause of Death, cause of Death, seventh cuase of seventh cuase of morbiditymorbidity

Hypertension is Hypertension is second cause of second cause of mortality, fifth cause mortality, fifth cause of morbidityof morbidity

Diabetes is 9Diabetes is 9thth cause cause of mortalityof mortality

Population is Population is GROWINGGROWING As of 2004 growth rate of 2.3%As of 2004 growth rate of 2.3% Majority of women have at least Majority of women have at least

one unwanted childone unwanted child Fertility rate 3.5Fertility rate 3.5 Family Size is inversely related to Family Size is inversely related to

family wealthfamily wealth Low contraceptive prevalenceLow contraceptive prevalence

RemittancesRemittances Large part of Large part of

national economy: national economy: $2.7 billion in first $2.7 billion in first six months of 2001. six months of 2001.

Philippine Overseas Philippine Overseas Employment Employment Administration Administration promotes overseas promotes overseas employment for employment for PhilippinosPhilippinos

Occupational SafetyOccupational Safety Transnational Transnational

corporations corporations adopt “local level” adopt “local level” of regulationof regulation

This is legalThis is legal All worker All worker

protections of protections of “home” country “home” country can be ignored i.e. can be ignored i.e. ADA etc. ADA etc.