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THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEART ATTACKAS PERCEIVED BY PATIENTS IN SELECTED AREAS

OF CALOOCAN AND QUEZON CITY

ABSTRACT

Nowadays, Myocardial Infarction is mostly occurring disease not only in thePhilippines but also it is a catastrophic health problem of almost all the countries. This is

cause by both non-modifiable factors and modifiable factors that would precipitate otherdiseases as well. A moment of truth takes place when it was diagnose late and the result is

dreadful which cause a damage of the myocardium that leading to complications.

The researchers wanted to delve the physiology of the disease processspecifically its pathogenesis for us to understand it furthermore and in return appropriate

intervention would be given. Also, the psychological effects of having its disease that would

affect its self-concept; it could have a deteriorating upshot on the coping mechanism whohas this.

Connecting of different variables within the scope of paper by utilization ofdescriptive method of methodology, selection of appropriate locale of the study, proper

instrumentation validated by pilot study and testing its correlation by make use ofhypothesis testing, weighted mean, likert scale and percentage formula.

Conclusions, Recommendations and Summary of the findings are interpreted

based on the result gotten in the survey. It says that Personal factors both the physiological

and psychological aspect have a great effect on having this disease and it has a enormousoutcome on the total level of functioning of the person having this. The correlation of the

different variables has high relationship as forecasted on the hypothesis testing done by the

researchers. In depth interpretation and analysis was done for the researchers to test therelationships of the variable considering its external and internal validity and most

importantly the reliability of the sample.

The Problem and Its Background

INTRODUCTION

A heart attack occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle itself,

the myocardium is severely reduced or stopped. The reduction or stoppage when one ormore of the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle is blocked. This is usually

cased by the building of plaque (deposit of fat-like substance) a process calledatherosclerosis.

The plaque can eventually burst, tear or rupture; creating a blood clot thatforms and blocks the artery. This leads to a heart attack if the blood supply is cut off for

more than a few minutes; muscle cells suffer permanent injury and die. This could lead todisability on someone depending on how much heart muscle decrease. We are not sure what

cases a spasm. Spasm for this instance could occur normally appearing on the blood vesselas well as in vessels partly blocked by atherosclerosis. A sudden severe muscle spasm could

fatally cause a heart attack.

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The medical term of heart attack is myocardial infarction. It is also sometimescalled coronary thrombosis or coronary occlusion. The proper use of the non-medical term

heart attack is myocardial infarction. Either term is deleterious. Myocardial Infarction(abbreviated as M.I.) means there is death of some of the muscle cells of the heart as a

result of a lack of supply of oxygen and other nutrients. This lack of supply is caused byobstruction of the coronary artery that supplies that particular part of the heart muscle with

blood. This occurs 98 % of the time from the process of arteriosclerosis in coronary vessels.Myocardial Infarction occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart is

interrupted. This is most commonly due occlusion of a coronary aretery following the ruptureof a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque which is an unstable collection of lipids ( like

cholesterol) and white blood cells ( especially macrophages) in the wall of an artery. The

resulting ischemia ( restriction in blood supply ) and oxygen shortage , if left untreated for asufficient period could cause sudden tissue damage and unfortunately cell death of the

myocardium occur leading to decrease on the capacity of its contractility.

Further discussion on this matter, it would provide the rationale of this study.The researchers hoped to gather the benchmark data that could be useful basis in the

proper handling of the physiological and psychological effects of heart attack.

Summary of the Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations

SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS

The study was focused upon the determination of the extent of the psychological and

physiological effects of the heart as attack perceived by the patients.1. On the demographic profile, majority of the respondents are males; there was 30 %

of the respondents belonged to 66 years old and above age ranges. There were 6 outof 20 respondents are 46 years old and above; majority of the respondents were

single which were 10 out of 20 respondents; most of the respondents were selfemployed which was 6 out of 20.

2. Psychological Effects of the heart attack, Rank 1 belongs to depression with a mean

of 9.25. This shows that people having myocardial infarction are primarily may feelintense sadness or hopelessness; the last rank belongs to phobia with a mean of 3.4.This shows that these people are normally not afraid of what will happen to them for

the reason that they had accepted these conditions.3. Physiological effects of heart attack, First in rank belongs to food limitations with a

mean of 4.55. this shows that people having a heart attack is restricted in foodsespecially those which are high in fats or cholesterol, because these can worsen their

condition ; the last in rank belongs to laughter with a mean of 3.25. This shows that

these people are usually not laughing because they are basically depressed.4. Etiology of heart attack, first in rank belongs to cigarette smoking with a mean of

4.65. This elaborates that cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor of myocardial

infarction among the respondents; the last in rank belongs to exposure to extremecold with a mean of 3.3. This shows that development of myocardial infarction has

nothing to do with exposure to cold as stated by the respondents.5. Common preventive measure, first in rank belongs to healthy lifestyle with a mena of

9.75. this explains that the precautionary action of the respondents is to have a goodand safe way of life ; the last in rank belongs to lower salt intake with a mean of

3.95. this shows that these people do not give interest in lowering the salt intake asa preventive action to myocardial infarction.

CONCLUSIONS

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The following were the conclusions based on the result of the study.1. On the profile of the respondents, personal factors like age, gender, educational

attainment and personal lifestyle are related to the physiological and psychologicaleffects of the heart attack by the selected individual perceived heart attack in

selected area. A great number are in the age bracket of 66 old and above and 21-25years old are assumed to have this disease.

2. On the causes of cardiovascular related disease, based on the tabulated resultsmajority of the respondents have history of heart attack or myocardial infarction. The

main causes are smoking, unhealthy lifestyle and lack of exercise is the main factorsthat contribute of acquiring cardiovascular related disease.

3. On the effects of heart attack to the respondents, the study shows that the role as a

nurturer is the most affected area of the respondents personal life. And also amajority of the respondents said that their social life is also affected when they have

the disease due to limitation of activity and limitation of environment exposure and

the situation made them sad and depressed.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the summary of the findings and the conclusions, the researchers offered

the following recommendations.1. The researchers recommend that the respondents must understand the situation they

have and know the factors of heart attack.2. The respondents should know how to manage their self to prevent another heart

attack.3. The respondents should have maintenance drugs to prevent further complication of

heart attack and have a regular check-up to their cardiologist.4. Family of the respondents should be more aware of the situation the respondents

have and they should know how to manage the situation if the client perceived

another heart attack. Also, they should know how to handle the situation ifimpending heart attack take place.5. Future researchers should explore other aspects of the heart attack in order to verify

the findings of this research.