The Plant “Body”The plant organs

of roots, stems, and leaves are organized into three types of tissue:◦Dermal tissue◦Vascular tissue

Xylem Phloem

◦Ground tissue

The Plant “Body”Types of tissue:

◦Dermal tissue – outer protective covering

◦Vascular tissue – carries out transportation of materials between roots and shoots Xylem – transports water and

dissolved minerals up from roots into the shoots

Phloem – transports sugars from leaves to other parts of plant (sites of growth)

◦Ground tissue – not dermal or vascular

The Plant “Body”When you eat the following, what

plant structure are you consuming?◦Celery sticks

◦Onions

◦Carrot sticks

The Plant “Body”When you eat the following, what

plant structure are you consuming?◦Celery sticks – petioles (joins leaves

to stem)

◦Onions – storage leaves

◦Carrot sticks – storage roots

The Plant “Body”Types of Cells:

◦Parenchyma cells – metabolism◦Collenchyma cells – support◦Scerenchyma cells – extra support◦Xylem Cells – water conducting cells

◦Phloem Cells – sugar conductive cells

Xylem Cells – water conducting cells

Phloem Cells – sugar conductive cells

Try This!Evolution Connection◦“Evolutionary biologists have coined

the term exaptation to describe a common occurrence in the evolution of life: A limb or organ originally has a particular function but later fulfills a new function. What are some examples of exaptations in plant organs?”

Soil and Plant Nutrition (Ch 37)

You must know: The difference between macronutrients

and micronutrients.

The importance of mutualistic relationships between plant roots and the bacteria and fungi that grow in the rhizosphere.

Examples of nonmutualistic nutritional adaptations in plants.

How do plants get the inorganic nutrition (NOT FOOD) that they need for survival?

Macronutrients vs MicronutrientsMacronutrients: essential

nutrients required in relatively large amounts◦Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen,

phosophorus, sulphur (CHNOPS)◦Potassium, calcium, magnesium

◦Nitrogen is essential! Why????

Macronutrients vs MicronutrientsMacronutrients: essential

nutrients required in relatively large amounts◦Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen,

phosophorus, sulphur (CHNOPS)◦Potassium, calcium, magnesium

◦Nitrogen is essential! Why???? Building amino acids

Macronutrients vs MicronutrientsMicronutrients: essential

nutrients required in minute quantities◦Primarily function as cofactors◦Iron, manganese, zinc, and copper

Macronutrients vs MicronutrientsExplain why it is not always a

good thing to remove lawn clippings.

Macronutrients vs MicronutrientsExplain why it is not always a

good thing to remove lawn clippings.◦As lawn clippings decompose, they

restore nutrients to the soil

RhizosphereRhizospere

◦Unique ecosystem◦Layer of soil that is bound to the

plants’ roots ◦Rich in microbial activity◦Characterized by mutualistic

symbiotic relationships Rhizobacteria Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Mycorrihzae (fungi)

Rhizosphere

Nonmutulalistc adaptationsEpiphytes

◦Grow on other plant surfaces instead of soil

Nonmutulalistc adaptationsParasitic plants

◦Rely on other plants for nutrients◦Tap into host vascular system

Nonmutulalistc adaptationsCarnivorous plants

◦Get nitrogen and other materials by digesting small animals

◦In what type of soil would you find carnivorous plants?

Practice:Questions #12-16, 20-21 p. 224 in

HoltzclawHandout!