The Politics of The Politics of ReconstructionReconstruction

LincolnLincoln’’s s PlanPlan Ease Southern states back into the Union

10 % plan- If 10% percentage of voters took an oath to the Union they would be given amnesty and allowed back into the Union

All Southern states must recognize the ban on slavery.

Assassinated April 14, 1865 (4 days after surrender at Appomattox)

JohnsonJohnson’’s Plans Plan Followed LincolnFollowed Lincoln’’s approachs approach Appointed temporary governors Appointed temporary governors to to

help Southern states rebuildhelp Southern states rebuild If states re- pledged If states re- pledged loyalty to unionloyalty to union, ,

withdrew succession, and ratify 13withdrew succession, and ratify 13thth Amendment, they could then Amendment, they could then re-re-write their state constitution and write their state constitution and elect new member to Congress.elect new member to Congress.

Did NOT want to extend greater Did NOT want to extend greater voting rightsvoting rights to African Americans to African Americans

Congressional PlanCongressional Plan Wanted more Wanted more repercussions repercussions

for the Southfor the South Disagreed with Disagreed with JohnsonJohnson on on

the issue of the issue of ReconstructionReconstruction Felt Congress should have a Felt Congress should have a

greater say in greater say in reconstructionreconstruction

Radical ReconstructionRadical Reconstruction

Wanted Wanted to to ““punishpunish”” former CSA former CSA Refused to recognize Refused to recognize

representatives representatives from the Southfrom the South Did not accept Did not accept the states backthe states back

into the Union.into the Union.

Reconstruction Reconstruction AmendmentsAmendments

1313thth, 14, 14thth, 15, 15thth

DocumentsDocuments

Civil War AmendmentsCivil War Amendments 1313thth Amendment Amendment- Abolished - Abolished

involuntary servitude (slavery) involuntary servitude (slavery) December 6, 1865December 6, 1865

1414thth Amendment- Amendment- The amendment The amendment requires states to provide equal requires states to provide equal protection under the law to all personsprotection under the law to all persons

1515thth Amendment Amendment - prohibits each - prohibits each government in the United States to government in the United States to prevent a citizen from voting based on prevent a citizen from voting based on that citizen's race, color, or previous that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitudecondition of servitude

What stopped African What stopped African Americans from voting?Americans from voting?

Poll TaxPoll Tax Forced people a tax to Forced people a tax to votevote

Literacy TestLiteracy Test Had to pass a Had to pass a reading/writing test to be allowed reading/writing test to be allowed to voteto vote

Grandfather ClauseGrandfather Clause Any male Any male could vote could vote if their grandfather was if their grandfather was a registered voter on January 1, a registered voter on January 1, 18671867..

““Black CodesBlack Codes”” Efforts to restrict African American Efforts to restrict African American

LivesLives CouldnCouldn’’t carry weapons, serve on juries, t carry weapons, serve on juries,

testify against whites, marry whites, testify against whites, marry whites, travel without permits, etc.travel without permits, etc.

Some states African Americans couldnSome states African Americans couldn’’t t own land.own land.

Johnson vetoed Freedman's Bureau Act, Johnson vetoed Freedman's Bureau Act, and the Civil Rights act- both of which and the Civil Rights act- both of which sought to assist African Americanssought to assist African Americans

This infuriated many Republicans, and This infuriated many Republicans, and former slavesformer slaves

FreedmanFreedman’’s Bureaus Bureau Established to help former Established to help former

slaves and some white slaves and some white southerners.southerners.

Establish hospitals, register Establish hospitals, register voters, find jobsvoters, find jobs

Protect civil rights of Protect civil rights of

African-AmericansAfrican-Americans

Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan Keep African-Americans from Keep African-Americans from

votingvoting Torture Torture ““carpetbaggerscarpetbaggers”” to to

leave the southleave the south Used violence to scare Used violence to scare

victimsvictims

Impeachment of JohnsonImpeachment of Johnson Congress was able to Congress was able to overrideoverride his his

vetoes.vetoes. Passed Passed ““Tenure of Office ActTenure of Office Act””, required , required

Senate approval before president could Senate approval before president could fire any appointed official.- (this was an fire any appointed official.- (this was an effort of the Republican lead Congress effort of the Republican lead Congress to protect their ally Stanton)to protect their ally Stanton)

Johnson Johnson fired Stanton-fired Stanton- Secretary of War Secretary of War House House impeachedimpeached Johnson, senate Johnson, senate

failed by ONE vote.failed by ONE vote.

CarpetbaggersCarpetbaggers Northerners who went south Northerners who went south

looking for opportunity.looking for opportunity. TeachersTeachers or or schoolschool

administrators to educate administrators to educate freedmen. freedmen.

Held political offices Held political offices

(some took advantage)(some took advantage)

StopStop

Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington

Son of a slaveSon of a slave Organized a school for training Organized a school for training

Native AmericansNative Americans ““Compromise SpeechCompromise Speech”” Urged Urged

blacks to accept inferior position and blacks to accept inferior position and strive to raise themselves through strive to raise themselves through vocational trainingvocational training

W.E.B. DuBoisW.E.B. DuBois

Born freeBorn free Disagreed with Booker T. WashingtoDisagreed with Booker T. Washingto

nn ’’s viewss views Believed the advancement of blacks Believed the advancement of blacks

would come through a socialist would come through a socialist government.government.

Encouraged forceful advancement.Encouraged forceful advancement.