7/23/2019 The Politics of Structural Adjustment - By Neo Simutanyi

1/16

Uckre Zfr`e Xuhrtnr`y

Ucn _f`ktkls fd \trulturh` Hegustanbt kb WhaikhHutcfr(s)7 Bnf \kauthbykYnvknwne wfrm(s)7\furln7 Uckre Zfr`e Xuhrtnr`y, Tf`. 8:, Bf. 5, Ucn Envn`fpanbth` \thtn67 Enaflrhly, Yndfrahbe Nlfbfakl _rfspnrkty kb tcn Uckre Zfr`e kb tcn Bkbntkns (8;;4), pp. 39>-3

7/23/2019 The Politics of Structural Adjustment - By Neo Simutanyi

2/16

Uckre Zfr`e

Xuhrtnr`y,

Tf`.

8:,

Bf.

5, pp.

39>-3

7/23/2019 The Politics of Structural Adjustment - By Neo Simutanyi

3/16

BNF \KA^UHB[K

Zck`n

tcn

pf`ktkls

fd hegustanbt

b tcn \nlfbe

Ynpui`kl (8;:

7/23/2019 The Politics of Structural Adjustment - By Neo Simutanyi

4/16

\UY^LU^YH@

HEG^\UANBU

KB WHAIKH

sullnssdu`

ikes.

Ucks

whs

phrt`y inlhusn

fd efbfrs'

en`hys eksiurskbj

afbny

tcny che p`nejne tf tcn lnbtrh`ihbm.5 t chs nvnb innb sujjnstnetcht tcn dhk`urn

fd

Whaikh's

hultkfb

systna

scfu`e

in

httrkiutne

afrn tf

kbsuddklknbt dubes

drfa

nxtnrbh`

sfurlns tchb

tf `hlm

fd

lfaaktanbt

iy tcn Whaikhb

jfvnrbanbt.>

Ucn

fvnrh``

nddnlt fd

tcn hultkfb

systna

whs

h envh`uhtkfb

fd tcn

`flh`

lurrnbly

hbe

nslh`htkfb

fd tcn

lfst fd

`kvkbj fd

tcn

urihb

whjn nhrbnrs.

Kt ne

tf

tcn

entnrkfrhtkfb

b

wfrmnrs'

`kvkbj

lfbektkfbs.

_rklns

fd nssnbtkh`

lfaafektkns

smy-rflmntne

hbe wfrmnrs

hjkthtne

dfr

whjn

kblrnhsns.

Zcnb

tcn

jfvnrbanbt

rnafvne

tcn ahkzn

suiskey

kb Enlnainr

8;34

urihb

ewn``nrs

prftnstne

hjhkbst

prkln

rksns

tcrfujc

enafbstrhtkfbs

hbe

rkfts.

Kb tcn lfbdrfbthtkfb

intwnnb

snlurkty

dfrlns

hbe prftnstnrs

8> pnfp`n

wnrn

mk``ne.

_rnskenbt

Mhubeh

ihlm-

pneh``ne hbe rnslkbenetcn enlkskfb tf rnafvn tcn prkln suiskey. K wk`` eksluss

tcks pfkbt

in`fw.

Fb

8

Ahy

8;3:

_rnskenbt

Mhubeh

lhbln``ne

tcn

KADhjrnnanbt.

Ucks

df``fwne

wkensprnhe

ekslfbtnbt

wktc tcn

nlfbfakl

rndfra

anhsurns

hafbj

vhrkfus

jrfups,

tcfsn

afst

curtiy

tcn anhsurns.

Ucn

prftnsts

hjhkbst

strulturh`

hegust-

anbt tffm

tcn dfra

fd

h whvn

fd strkmns

iy

h buainr

fd ubkfbs

dfr

whjn

enahbes,

lfap`hkbts

drfa ahbudhlturnrs

hbe cfstk`n

sthtnanbts

iy

^BK_

phrty

`nhenrs hs

h rnhltkfb

tf tcn

nddnlts

fd tcn hultkfb

systna

hbe

tf ftcnr

hspnlts

fd

tcn

nlfbfakl

rndfra

phlmhjn.

Ucn

KAD

prfjrhaan

whs rnp`hlne

iy

tcn

Kbtnrka

Bnw

Nlfbfakl

Ynlfvnry

_rfjrhaan

(KBNY_)

wcklc

rn-kbtrfeulne

prn-8;39

lfbtrf`s. Ucn prfjrhaanwhs tf in ihsne fb tcn usn fd `flh` rnsfurlns.4Ucn

anhsurns

hbbfublne

iy

_rnskenbt

Mhubeh

kbl`uene,

hafbj

ftcnrs,

dkxkbj

tcn

nxlchbjn

rhtn ht

M3 tf ^\ 8

(drfa

tcn prnvkfus

rhtn

fd

M98 tf fbn ef``hr),

rn-kapfskbj

prkln

lfbtrf`s,

`kaktkbj

enit

snrvkln

tf 8?%

fd

dfrnkjb

nxpfrt

rnlnkpts

hbe bhtkfbh`kskbj

tcn

prkvhtn

ak``kbj lfaphbkns

wcklc tcn

jfvnrbanbt

cn`e rnspfbski`n

dfr tcn

dffe

rkfts.

Kb enslrkikbj

tcn

KAD

prfjrhaan

_rnskenbt

Mhubeh

shke

tcht,

'kt che

irfujct

phkb,

ah`butrktkfb

hbe enhtc

tf tcn pnfp`n

fd

Whaikh'.:

Ucfujc

KBNY_rnlfrene

hb

kaprnsskvn

4.9%

jrfwtc

rhtn

kb

rnh`

JE_

kb

8;33,

kt whs

bft

susthkbhi`n,

hs

kbtnrbhtkfbh`

kbhblkh`

kbstktutkfbs

hbe efbfr

lfubtrkns

enbkne tcn lfubtrydkbhblkh`rnsfurlns.3Ucn kaprnsskvn

JE_

jrfwtcrhtn fd tcht

ynhr

chs

innb

httrkiutne

f

tcn

iuapnr

ahkzn

chrvnst-tcn

rnsu`t fd

jffe

rhkbs

hbe

bft fd

pruenbt

nlfbfakl ahbhjnanbt.;

Hs tcn nlfbfakl

lrksks wfrsnbne,

Whaikh

che

bf

fptkfb

iut

tf

fpnb

drnsc

bnjftkhtkfbs

wktc

tcn

KAD.

Kb Gubn

8;3;,

hs

h

prnrnquksktn

f

quh`kdy

dfr tcn

KAD

`fhb,

tcn

lfubtrykap`nanbtne

h

buainr

fd

nlfbfakl

pf`kly

anhsurns

wcklc

kbl`uene

tcn enlfbtrf`

fd h``

prklns

fd

lfbsuanr

jffes,

nxlnpt

ahkzn. Kb

nhr`y

8;;? tcn

jfvnrbanbt,

wktc tcn

hsskst-

hbln

fd

tcn

KAD,

ernw

up

h

_f`kly

Drhanwfrm

_hpnr (_D_)

wcklc

spn`t

fut

tcn

nlfbfakl

pf`klkns

tf in

pursune

iy

tcn

jfvnrbanbt

intwnnb

8;;? hbe

8;;

7/23/2019 The Politics of Structural Adjustment - By Neo Simutanyi

5/16

BNF \KA^UHB[K

Kb Gubn 8;;? tcn

jfvnrbanbt blrnhsne

tcn

prklns

fd

ckjc jrhen ahkzn

anh`

iy fvnr 8??%. Ucn anhsurn prfvfmne wkensprnhe rkftkbj kb tcn lhpkth` @ushmh

hbe

kb

ahgfr Lfppnrin`t fwbs.

Kb

trykbj

tf lfbtrf` tcn

rkftkbj

lrfwes

snlurkty

dfrlns

scft enhe 9:

pnfp`n, kbgurne

cubernes hbe

hrrnstne

snvnrh`

cuberne

ftcnrs. b`kmn

tcn rkfts

fd

8;34,

Mhubeheke bft rnslkbe tcn enlkskfb tf kblrnhsn

tcn prkln fd ahkzn anh` hs

h

why

fd

rneulkbj

ahkzn suiskekns.

Cfwnvnr,

tcn

enahbes dfr tcn rn-kbtrfeultkfb

fd

h

au`tkphrty

systna

kb

8;;?,

hbe tcn

hjrnnanbtiy

tcn ^BK_

jfvnrbanbt

f cf`e n`nltkfbs tcn

df``fwkbj ynhr,

hddnltne

tcn

lfaaktanbtfd tcn

jfvnrbanbt

f

anntkbj

tcn

rnqukrnanbts

d tcn KAD`fhbs.

Kb Gubn 8;;8 tcn

jfvnrbanbt rnqunstne

tcn

KAD

tf h``fw

kt tf

pfstpfbn

h

slcneu`ne rfube

fd rneultkfb fd ahkzn anh` suiskekns dfr dnhr tcht kt

akjct

prfvfmn rkftkbj indfrn tcn n`nltkfbs. Ucn

KAD

rndusne hbe kbstnhe suspnbeneh``

dkbhblkh` eksiursnanbts

f Whaikh. Kbd`htkfb sfhrne hs tcn

jfvnrbanbt prkbtne

afbny

tf

annt tcn 8??% kblrnhsns

kb

lkvk`

snrvhbts' sh`hrkns hbe tf

phy

dfr tcn

n`nltkfb

lhaphkjb.

Hbbuh` kbd`htkfb

kb

tcht

ynhr

rnhlcne

89;%.

Ucn

AAE

hbe strulturh`

hegustanbt,

8;;8-8;;4

Df``fwkbj tcn n`nltkfbs cn`e

kb

Fltfinr 8;;8,

kb wcklc ^BK_

whs

endnhtne,

tcn

Afvnanbt

dfr

Au`tkphrty Enaflrhly (AAE) jfvnrbanbt

hjrnne

tf lfbtkbun

wktc

tcn

kap`nanbthtkfb

fd tcn rndfra

phlmhjn hjrnne

intwnnb ^BK_ hbe tcn

Zfr`eIhbmkb

8;;?.88

Ucks kbl`uene7(h) prklnenlfbtrf`sfd h`` prfeults nxlnpt

ahkzn)

hbe

kbputs=

(i) nxlchbjn

rhtn

hegustanbt

b

rnh` tnras hbe n`kakbhtkfb fd

nxlchbjn

rhtn

rnstrkltkfbs=(l)

`kinrh`kshtkfb

fd

nxpfrt

hbe

kapfrt trhen,

wck`n

prfvkekbj nxpfrt

kblnbtkvns= (e)

dkslh`

hustnrkty

anhsurns tf

rneuln tcn

iuejnt

endklkt

hbe

lfbtrf`

kbd`htkfb= n) afbnthrypf`kly

anhsurns

tf

hegust

btnrnst

rhtns

hbe

tkjctnbafbnthrypf`kly= (d)

rndfra fd

tcn

pui`kl

kbvnstanbt

prfjrhaan

f

dflus fb rnsfurln h``flhtkfb tf

prkfrkty

snltfrs hbe

prfjrhaans= j)

rndfra fd

tcn lkvk`

snrvkln hbe

phrhsthth`s

f

kaprfvn

nddklknbly

hbe

pnrdfrahbln=

hbe

(c)

tcn

prkvhtkshtkfb

prfjrhaan.89

Ucn nlfbfakl `njhly drfa tcn prnvkfus

jfvnrbanbt anhbt tcht tcn AAE

jfvnrbanbt hlne hb ubahbhjnhi`nenit snrvklkbjprfi`na,h snvnrn scfrthjnfd

dfrnkjb nxlchbjn,

nxlnsskvn

iuejnt

endklkts wcklc

hvnrhjne

8?% fd

JE_,

kbd`htkfb

fd

fvnr 8??%,

hb

nrfenesflkh` hbe pcysklh`

kbdrhstrulturn be h enl`kbn

kb

dfrah` snltfr

nap`fyanbt.

_nr

lhpkth

JE_

enlrnhsne

iy ch`d drfa M

7/23/2019 The Politics of Structural Adjustment - By Neo Simutanyi

6/16

\UY^LU^YH@

HEG^\UANBU

KB WHAIKH

hifut.

Cfwnvnr,

eurkbj

tcn n`nltkfb

lhaphkjbtcn

qunstkfb

fd tcn nlfbfay

whs

bft jkvnb snrkfushttnbtkfb.Hs tcn ahkb fppfbnbtsfd strulturh` egustanbt-tcn

`hifur

afvnanbt,rnprnsnbtne

iy

Drnenrklm

Lck`uih-wnrn

phrt

fd tcn nhenrsckp

fd tcn

AAE,nlfbfakl

strhtnjy

whs pf`ktklksne.

Nrstwck`nfppfbnbts

fd strulturh`

hegustanbt

nairhlne

kt hbe

fddnrne kt hs

h

phbhlnh

dfr

Whaikh's nlfbfakl

prfi`nas.

Kb tcn nupcfrkh

wcklc

lchrhltnrksne

cn n`nltkfb

lhaphkjb,

frekbhry

pnfp`n

scfwne

fpnb

suppfrt dfr

hustnrkty.

Dfr nxhap`n,

ht

hb AAE rh``y

heernssne

iy

Lck`uih

kb Mhiwn

kb Hujust 8;;?,

Lck`uih

hsmne cks hueknbln

kd

tcny

wfu`e in

prnphrne

dfr shlrkdklns

wcnb tcn

AAE lhan

tf pfwnr.

Ucny

lchbtne 'yns'.

Cfwnvnr,

kb nhr`y 8;;9,

wcnb tcn

AAE

jfvnrbanbt

scfwne

tcn

Mhiwn anntkbj

fb bhtkfbh`

tn`nvkskfb,

kt

prfvfmnekbekjbhtkfb

hbe

wkensprnhe

lfbenabhtkfb rfa h lrfss-snltkfbfd sflknty. Urhen ubkfb `nhenrsdn`t `nt efwb

iy

h jfvnrbanbt

wcklc

tcny che

cn`pne lfan

tf pfwnr.

Ucn trhen ubkfb

afvnanbt che

p`hyne

hb kapfrthbt

rf`n

kb

tcn frjhbkshtkfb

fd tcn

AAE hbe

afik`kshtkfb

fd lktkznbs

tf suppfrt

pf`ktklh`

lchbjn.85

Ucfujc bft

nxp`klkt`y

sthtne

kb

tcn

dfrah` hjrnnanbt

endkbkbj

tcn rn`htkfbsckp

wktc

tcn

AAE, kt

whs

nxpnltne

tcht hdtnr

tcn phrty

wfb

pfwnr

tcn

jfvnrbanbt

wfu`e dfrau`htn

pf`klkns

dhvfurhi`n

tf wfrmnrs.

^skbj

tcn

cfbnyaffb

pnrkfe

tcn

jfvnrbanbt

ffm

if`e anhsurns

b Enlnainr

8;;8 tf

rnafvn suiskekns

fb irnhmdhst

anh`,

wcklc shw tcn

prkln fd ahkzn

anh`

efui`n.

Ucn hltkfb eke

bft

prfvfmn

hby frjhbksne

prftnsts.

Iy tcn

nbe fd

8;;?

kb

Bfvnainr 8;;8.

Ftcnr

anhsurnsthmnb

kbl`uene7

tcn kinrh`kshtkfb

fd

tcn

dfrnkjb

nxlchbjn

ahrmntiy

tcn

kbtrfeultkfb

fd iurnhux

en lchbjn=

`kinrh`kshtkfb

fd

kbtnrnst rhtns= prkvhtkshtkfb

hbe

`kqukehtkfb

fd sthtn

nbtnrprksns=

kinrh`kshtkfb

fd

hjrklu`turh`

ahrmntkbj

hbe

`kinrh`kshtkfb

fd

kapfrts.

H buainr fd

tcnsn anhsurns

che innb

kap`nanbtne

kbtnrakttnbt`y

iy

tcn

prnvkfus

jfvnrbanbt,

wktc

`ktt`n sullnss. Iut

tcn

AAE

jfvnrbanbt

kap`nanbtne

tcna

wktc

afrn lfaaktanbt

hbe lfcnrnbln.

Zcht

tcnb hllfubts

dfr tcn AAE'\

sullnss6

Ucn pf`ktkls fd strulturh` hegustanbt

Ucn nlfbfakl

rndfra

pf`klkns

hefptne

intwnnb 8;3

\nlfbe,

tcn

prfjrhaan

bnvnr

nbgfyne

tcn du``

ihlmkbj

fd tcn

pf`ktklh`

`nhenrsckp,wcklc whs bft wk``kbj tf endnbe h prfjrhaan t eke bft in`knvn kb.

H

strfbj

hbtk-rndfra

fh`ktkfb

fd

pf`ktklh`

`nhenrs

`fiikne

hjhkbst

tcn

kap`nanb-

thtkfb

fd tcn

rndfras

skbln 8;3

7/23/2019 The Politics of Structural Adjustment - By Neo Simutanyi

7/16

BNF\KA^UHB[K

hefptkfb

fd

KAD

nlfbfakl rndfra

anhsurns.

Ucnrndfrn, fppfsktkfb

tf

nlfbfakl

rndfra anhsurns tnbene h`sf tf rnd`nlt fppfsktkfb tf Mhubehckasn`d.

Ucn susthkbhik`kty fd nlfbfakl pf`klkns enpnbes

tf h

`hrjn

nxtnbt

fb tcn

ih`hbln fd pfwnr intwnnb

tcn

jrfups suppfrtkbj

hbe tcfsn

hjhkbst hegustanbt.

Ucks ks inlhusn strulturh`hegustanbtpf`klkns

hddnlt

vhrykbj

sflkh`

jrfups

kb

ekddnrnbt

whys

hbe tcus kbvfmn ekddnrnbt

rnspfbsns.

Ucn

pf`klkns prfeuln

wkbbnrs

hbe `fsnrs, hbe hs sulc tcn iuk`ekbj

fd lfh`ktkfbs ks

enpnbenbt

fb tcn nxtnbt

tf

wcklc tcn jrfupsschrn

kb

nktcnr tcn

lfsts fr inbndkts

fd rndfras.

Hllfrekbj

tf

Ihtns, 'lchbjns

kb

nlfbfakl pf`kly jnbnrhtn

wkbbnrs

hbe

`fsnrs,

hbe..

`fsnrs lhb

in nxpnltne tf

rnskst,'8:

hbe tcus eksrupttcn kap`nanbthtkfb

fd

hb nlfbfakl

rndfra prfjrhaan.

Kb Whaikh,nlfbfakl prfi`nashbetcn bhturnfd nlfbfakl pf`klkns hevflhtne

eurkbj

tcn \nlfbe

Ynpui`kl jnbnrhtn

httktuens fd

suppfrt

fr

fppfsktkfb

tf

nlfbfakl rnstrulturkbj.

Ucn rnhsfbs dfr

efkbj

sf

chvn

ekddnrne hbe tcnkr rn`htkvn

kbd`unbln fb pf`kly ahmnrsentnrakbne cn

ekrnltkfb tcn rndfras

tffm

eurkbj

tcn

8;3?s hbe nhr`y 8;;?s. Kbtnrnstjrfups

sfantkans

hjrnne

fb tcn

enskrhik`kty

fd

lnrthkbpf`klkns.

Ucks

nxp`hkbs

tcn

lffpnrhtkfb

intwnnb

frjhbksne

hifur hbe

tcn

iuskbnss l`hss tf rnafvn ^BK_ drfa

pfwnr

kb

8;;8. Iftc

jrfups

dhlne rnstrkl-

tkfbs hbe

cfpne

tcht hb

fpnb

enaflrhtkl

systna

wfu`e

dhvfur tcnkr

rnspnltkvn

lhusns.

Ucn iuskbnss l`hss

Ihy`kns &

\zndtn` chvn

bftne tcht tcnrn

whs

kblrnhsne phrtklkphtkfb

fd

pnfp`n

wktc iuskbnss kbtnrnsts

kb

Whaikhb pf`ktklh`

`kdn

eurkbj tcn 8;:?s hbe 8;3?s.83

Ucks l`hss rfsn tf prfakbnblndf``fwkbj tcn bhtkfbh`kshtkfbanhsurns (8;43-:?)

wcklc

wnrn

phrt`y enskjbne

tf

lrnhtn hb

kbekjnbfus

iuskbnss

l`hss. Ftcnrs usne

tcnkr pfsktkfbs

kb

jfvnrbanbthbe tcn phrhsthth` nltfr tf hlluau`htn wnh`tc.';

Iy tcn injkbbkbj

fd

tcn ake-8;:?s tcn iuskbnss l`hss

che

hlqukrne

h

`ft

fd

pf`ktklh`

kbd`unbln

hs

tcn

ahgfrkty

fd

A_\ wnrn nktcnr erhwb drfa tcks l`hss fr

wnrn

rnprnsnbtkbjprkvhtn iuskbnss kbtnrnsts. Ucks jrfup whs injkbbkbj tf in

rnstkvn hbe shw tcnkr iuskbnssns suddnr inlhusn fd jfvnrbanbt pf`klkns tcht

dhvfurne sthtn

nbtnrprksns

ht tcn

nxpnbsn

fd

tcn

prkvhtn

snltfr.

Hs

tcn

lhaphkjb

dfr tcn

nsthi`kscanbtfd prkvhtn nbtnrprksnwhs `fst, tcks jrfup httnaptneftcnr

anhbs tf

kbd`unbln tcn frknbthtkfbfd nlfbfakl pf`kly

kb

tcn lfubtry.Kt ks wken`y

in`knvne tcht tcn 8;3? lfup whs ahstnrakbeneiy anainrs fd tcn prkvhtn

iuskbnss

snltfr. @khttf

sujjnsts tcht7

kd

tcn

nlfbfakl rndfras che dfstnrne tcn jrfwtc fd hb kbekjnbfus ifurjnfkskn hbe

tcn

fbn-phrty

sthtn

lfbsf`kehtnetcn pfwnr fd tcks l`hss, iy tcn 8;3?s tcks l`hss whs

strfbj nbfujc

tf

whbt tf

irnhmtcn afu`e

fd

sthtksa, nspnlkh``y sthtn lhpkth`ksahbe

nsthi`ksc

drnn

nbtnrprksn hbe h au`tkphrty systna fd jfvnrbanbt.9?

Ucn

pf`klkns pursuneiy tcn ^BK_jfvnrbanbtwnrn fppfsne tf tcn envn`fpanbt

fd

prkvhtn nbtnrprksn.Ucn ru`kbj phrty kapfsne rnstrkltkfbsfb pf`ktklh` `nhenrs

fwbkbj prfpnrty

fr

nbjhjkbj kb iuskbnss. Dfr nxhap`n, df``fwkbj tcn nsthi`ksc-

anbt

fd

h

fbn-phrtysthtn,

h

@nhenrsckpLfen whs prfau`jhtne.Ucn @nhenrsckp

Lfen

prfckiktnepf`ktklh` nhenrs drfa fwbkbj prfpnrty, hphrt drfa fbn cfusn

3

7/23/2019 The Politics of Structural Adjustment - By Neo Simutanyi

8/16

\UY^LU^YH@

EG^\UANBU

B

WHAIKH

hbe

h sah`` p`ft

fd `hbe.

H skak`hr pf`kly

che

innb

kbtrfeulne

b Uhbzhbkh

kb

8;4: df``fwkbj tcn HruschEnl`hrhtkfb.Kt whs hkaneht ahmkbjpf`ktklh` `nhenrs

afrn rnspfbskvn

tf tcn

n`nltfrhtn

hbe

hvfkekbj

lfrruptkfb.

Iut,

hs kb Uhbzhbkh,

tcn

@nhenrsckp

Lfen

whs d`futne

hs

pf`ktklh`

`nhenrs

fithkbne

jfvnrbanbt-

juhrhbtnne

fhbs

tf purlchsn

lfaphbkns

hbe

dhras hbe

snt

up

kb

iuskbnss.

Zcnrn

tcny

rhb h

rksm fd inkbj

eksakssne

drfa

fddkln dfr vkf`htkbj

tcn prfvkskfbs

fd

tcn

@nhenrsckp

Lfen,

tcny usne

tcnkr

spfusns

fr rn`htkfbs

hs

drfbts.

Iy tcn

injkbbkbj

fd tcn

8;3?s,

tcn pf`kly

fd

prnvnbtkbj

pf`ktklh`

`nhenrs

drfa

nbjhjkbj

kb

iuskbnss

whs hlmbfw`nejne

tf chvn

dhk`ne.

Ucks

whs kb

rnlfjbktkfb

fd tcn dhlt

tcht fddklkh`

sh`hrkns

wnrn

kbsuddklknbt

tf

phy dfr

A_'s lfbsuaptkfb

tchbms

tf nslh`htkbj

lfsts.98

Ucfsn wcf

`ndt jfvnrbanbt

snt tcnasn`vns

up

kb

iuskbnss.Iut wktc tcn prftnltkfbnbgfyneiy sthtn lfaphbknshbetcn hbtk-prkvhtn

nbtnrprksn pf`klkns

fd tcn jfvnrbanbt,

prkvhtn

iuskbnss

suddnrne.

Ucks

ahy

nxp`hkb

wcy

tcn iuskbnss

lfaaubkty fvnrwcn`akbj`y

suppfrtne

cn

enaflrhtk-

shtkfb prflnss

hbe

tcn

AAE's rksn

tf

pfwnr.

Ucrfujc

iuskbnss

hssflkhtkfbs

sulc

hs tcn Whaikh

Hssflkhtkfb

fd Lchainrs

fd

Lfaanrln

hbe Kbeustry

WHLLK),

tcn

iuskbnss

l`hss htthlmne

^BK_'s

nlfbfakl

pf`klkns

hbeenahbene

cn

`kinrh`kshtkfb

fd

tcn nlfbfay.

Ucn kap`nanbthtkfb

fd h

strulturhhegustanbt

prfjrhaan

b nhr`y 8;3% tf 9?% fd

tcnkr

kbsth``ne lhphlkty.Ahbudhlturkbj faphbknslh``ne fb tcn jfvnrbanbt f suisk-

eksn

tcna

kd

tcny wnrn

tf

survkvn.

Dfr

nxhap`n,

kb

8;;