THE

PRESENT

PERFECT

The PRESENT PERFECT – Positive form

I have worked

You have worked

He / She / It has worked

We have worked

You have worked

They have worked

I’ve worked

You’ve worked

He / She / It’s worked

We’ve worked

You’ve worked

They’ve worked

The PRESENT PERFECT – Negative form

I haven’t worked or I have not worked

You haven’t worked or You have not worked

He / She / It hasn’t worked or He / She / It has not worked

We haven’t worked or We have not worked

You haven’t worked or You have not worked

They haven’t worked or They have not worked

The PRESENT PERFECT – Interrogative form

Have I worked?

Have you worked?

Has he / she / it worked?

Have we worked?

Have you worked?

Have they worked?

The PRESENT PERFECTis formed by

HAVE / HAS

+

PAST PARTICIPLE

Examples

e PRESENTE

Definizione generale del Present Perfect:

Il Present Perfect è un tempo verbale che mette in relazione

PASSATO

Ad esempio si usa per indicare un’azione appena successacon l’avverbio

JUST

He HAS JUST BOUGHT a newspaper.

She HAS JUST WOKEN up.

He HAS JUST FALLEN.

She HAS JUST STOLEN something.

He HAS JUST MISSED the train.

EXAMPLES

REGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS

I HAVE WORKED

I HAVE LIVED

I HAVE PLAYED

I HAVE CRIED

I HAVE STOPPED

= 3rd COLUMN

I HAVE BOUGHT

I HAVE EATEN

I HAVE DRUNK

I HAVE READ

I HAVE DRIVEN

Altri casi in cui si usa il Present Perfect:

Il Present perfect si usa per dire che un’azione non è ancora avvenutacon l’avverbio

YET

Examples

Non sono ancora arrivati.

They haven’t arrived yet.

Non ho ancora fatto i compiti.

Il treno non è ancora partito.

I haven’t done my homework yet.

The train hasn’t left yet.

N.B. Di solito YET si colloca in fondo alla frase.

ESEMPI (dire che un’azione non è ancora avvenuta)

Altri casi in cui si usa il Present Perfect:

Il Present perfect si usa per chiedere se un’azione è già avvenutacon l’avverbio

YET

Examples

Tom è già arrivato?

Has Tom arrived yet?

Hai già visto questo film?

Hai già comprato i regali di Natale?

Have you seen this film yet?

Have you bought Christmas presents yet?

N.B. Di solito YET si colloca in fondo alla frase.

ESEMPI (chiedere se un’azione è già avvenuta)

Altri casi in cui si usa il Present Perfect:

Il Present perfect si usa per dire che un’azione è già avvenutacon l’avverbio

ALREADY

Examples

Sara e Chris sono già arrivati.

Sara and Chris have already arrived.

Conosco Mary. Ci siamo già incontrati.

Ho già fatto colazione.

I know Mary. We have already met.

I have already had breakfast.

N.B. Di solito ALREADY si colloca prima del participio passato.

ESEMPI (dire che un’azione è già avvenuta)

RIEPILOGO

YET

frasi negative = ANCORA

Non sono ancora arrivati.They haven’t arrived yet.

frasi interrogative = GIA’

Have you seen this film yet?Hai già visto questo film?

ALREADY frasi affermative = GIA’

I have already had breakfast.

Ho già fatto colazione.

SIMPLE PAST

OR

PRESENT PERFECT?

• Frank arrived in London a week ago.

• Yesterday Mary went to the cinema with Sue.

• Last month I flew to Dublin.

• When I was in England I ate a lot of fish and chips.

• I was in Nice last week.

• I lost 50€ on Monday.

• I worked in London from 1994 to 1996.

• She went to a club last night.

• The teacher left 10 minutes ago.

• I sent her an e-mail the day before yesterday.

• I didn’t go abroad last year.

Ora trova l’espressione di tempo in ogni frase

Le frasi precedenti sono tutte al …… SIMPLE PAST

a week ago

last month

yesterday on Monday

10 minutes ago

last year

When I was in England

the day before yesterday last night

Che cos’hanno in comune queste espressioni di tempo?

Sono tutte espressioni di tempo… ... FINITO.

• Have you ever been to New York?• We have already packed our suitcases! Let’s go.• They haven't left for Paris yet.• We have never eaten crocodile soup.• ‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, I’ve just had dinner.’• Have you sent your postcards yet?

• I have seen Mary twice today.• She has spent 500€ this month!

Ora trova l’espressione di tempo in ogni frase

Le frasi precedenti sono tutte al … PRESENT PERFECT

Espressioni di tempo NON FINITO.

Espressioni di tempo NON BEN PRECISATO.

Quindi quando l’azione si è svolta in un periodo di tempo

che è

usiamo il SIMPLE PAST

Ieri ho mangiato il risotto.

Yesterday I ATE risotto.

Esempi:

Il treno è partito un’ora fa.

The train LEFT an hour ago.

Un errore tipico:

Yesterday I HAVE EATEN risotto.

The train HAS LEFT an hour ago.

FINITO

Quindi quando l’azione si è svolta in un periodo di

tempo che

usiamo il PRESENT PERFECT

Oggi ho comprato una camicia.

Today I HAVE BOUGHT a shirt.

Esempi:

Ho speso troppo questa settimana.

I HAVE SPENT too much this week.

NON E’ FINITO

E se nella frase non c’è l’espressione di tempo?

Allora bisogna riflettere e cercare di capire

qual è l’espressione di tempo

sottointesa.

Esempi:

-Can I take this newspaper? Have you read it?

-‘Look at Linda! She has cut her hair!’

-Columbus discovered America.

-It’s Mary’s birthday tomorrow and I haven’t bought her a present.

-Sally has seen the film "Titanic" three times.

-Can I take this newspaper? Have you read it yet?

-Columbus discovered America in 1492.

-‘Look at Linda! She has just cut her hair!’

-It’s Mary’s birthday tomorrow and I haven’t bought her a present yet.

-Sally has seen the film "Titanic" three times in her life / so far.

A: Have you ever been to Greece?

B: Yes, I’ve been there once.

A: When did you go there?

B: I went there two years ago. I was on a cruise with my parents. We had a very good time but the weather wasn’t very good. I met a lot of French teenagers because the ship left from Nice. I enjoyed the monuments a lot but I didn’t like the food very much: there was too much garlic!

A: Have you ever lost your keys?

B: Yes, I’ve lost my front door key once..

A: Where did you lose it?

B: Well, I didn’t actually lose it but I put it in a drawer that I never use. I looked for it for three days but I couldn’t find it. So I called a blacksmith who changed the lock on my front door. The day after I opened the drawer by chance and I found my key there!!!!

RIEPILOGO

SIMPLE PAST

azioni finite in un tempo FINITO

PRESENTPERFECT

azioni finite

Ho mangiato molta cioccolata ieri sera.

I ATE a lot of chocolate LAST NIGHT.

in un tempo NON BEN PRECISATO ovvero con...

Ho mangiato molta cioccolata questa settimana.

I HAVE EATEN a lot of chocolate THIS WEEK.

JUST YET ALREADY EVER NEVER

azioni finite in un tempo NON FINITO

RIEPILOGO FINALE DEL PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENTPERFECT

azioni finite in un tempo NON BEN PRECISATO ovvero con...

Ho mangiato molta cioccolata questa settimana.

I have eaten a lot of chocolate this week.

JUST YET ALREADY EVER NEVER

azioni finite in un tempo NON FINITO

azioni NON finite con…

HOW LONG ..?

Ho già fatto i compiti.

I have already done my homework.

FOR SINCE

Da quanto tempo vivi qui? How long have you lived here?

Vivo qui dal 1998.

Vivo qui da 10 anni.

I have lived here since 1998.

I have lived here for 10 years.

Leggi le frasi, controlla i verbi sottolineati e correggi quelli sbagliati. Esempi:I’ve lost my key.....CORRETTO.......Have you seen Mary yesterday? SBAGLIATO: ..Did you see.

I spent a lot of money this month....................................

I have lived in France in 1996. .............................................

Did Martin find a job yet? ...................................................

I saw two films last night. ....................................................

When have you been to Greece?.......................................

Completa il dialogo. Usa been oppure gone.

ANGELA: Hello, Mary. Is Rose at home?MARY: No, she isn’t. She’s

just ................................... out. I think she’s ................................ shopping. She wanted to buy some new clothes.

ANGELA: Has she ............................. to New Look?

MARY: I think so.ANGELA: Oh, I’ve just ................................ there.

They’ve just started the winter sale.MARY: Oh, have they? I

haven’t .................................. into town this week, but I’d like to go and do some shopping at the weekend. Bye.

Completa con un verbo appropriato al simple past o al present perfect (forma affermativa o negativa).A: That’s a nice jumper. Is it new?B: Yes, I ………………………it last week.A: Are you tired this morning?B: Yes, I ....................... to bed late last night.A: Are you enjoying your new job?B: I.......................... yet. My first day is next Monday.A: Is Mark here?B: No, he ..................................... two minutes ago.A: Have you heard of George Washington?B: Of course. He ........................ the first president of the USA.A: Has Jane gone home?B: Yes, she .........................................home at 4 o’ clock.A: Do you like Paris?B: I don’t know. I .................................there.

Scrivi un breve dialogo sulla base della seguente traccia.

Chiedi a un tuo amico se ha mai mangiato caviale.

Lui risponde di sì.

Chiedigli quando lo ha fatto.

Lui risponde che ha mangiato caviale due giorni fa.

Chiedigli dove l’ha mangiato.

Lui risponde che l’ha mangiato in un ristorante russo.