THEMILITANTPublished in the Interests of the Working People

V o l. 26 - N o . 33 M o n d a y . S e p te m b e r 17, 1962 P r ic e 10c

Press Clamor for Invasion Of Cuba Shakes Kennedy

Violence Hits Negro Voter Drive in South

The v io lence is most severe in those counties w here Negroes are a m a jo r ity o f the popu la tion and w here they could w in e lections if they won the r ig h t to vote.

In S u n flo w e r C ounty, M iss iss ip­p i, tw o Negro g ir l students, active in a vo te r-re g is tra tio n cam paign, w ere wounded Sept. 10 by shot­gun blasts f ire d th rough the w in ­dow o f a house in the c ity o f R u le- v il le . The g ir ls , V iv ia n H i l l ie t and M a rian Burkes w ere stay ing in the home o f V iv ia n ’s 78 -yea r-o ld g rand fa the r, H erm an Sisson, who

Does Washington

W ant Soblen's

Corpse to W reak

Its Vengeance on?

T he C om m ittee to A id the M on - roe D efendants charges tha t the recent session o f the U n ion C oun­ty S uperio r C ourt in M onroe, N.C., was the scene o f the f in a l “ p a y o ff” to H ow ard Stack, the m an who gave Freedom R ider R ichard G ris ­w o ld o f New Y o rk a n e a r-fa ta l beating in the U n ion C ounty ja i l A ugust 27, 1961.

T rie d on 9 charges o f passing w orth less checks, assault, d e fra u d ­in g a ta x i d r iv e r and m alic ious in ­ju r y to p rope rty , S tack was let o ff w ith a 60-day suspended sentence.

Such lightness o f sentence stands in s ta rk con trast to the savage, heavy sentences meted out to N e­groes and c iv i l- r ig h ts advocates in the same court.

S tack was a prisoner in the ja i l in M onroe A ugust 27, 1961, when the po lice-encouraged r io tin g by w h ite suprem acists against F ree­dom R iders and loca l Negroes oc­curred. I t was ou t o f the events of th a t day o f r io tin g tha t the fram ed - up k idnap charges against the M onroe defendants stem.

The po lice pu t R ichard G ris ­w o ld , a Freedom R ide r fro m New Y o rk , in the ce ll w ith Stack, a big p o w e rfu l man, in the basement o f the U n ion C ounty ja i l w h ich is cu t o f f fro m the rest o f the b u ild ­in g a by a heavy m etal, sound­p ro o f door.

S tack beat G risw o ld in to sem i­consciousness. The beating m igh t have proved fa ta l had not a tu rn ­key entered the basement w ith an­o ther prisoner (the mass arrests o f Freedom R iders and m embers o f the M onroe N o n -V io le n t A ction

(Continued on Page 6 )

had to take them to a hospita l h im se lf a fte r a ttem p ting unsuc­cessfu lly to sum m on the local po­lice.

“ I don’t expect the police around here w i l l be a rre s ting anybody a n y tim e soon fo r w hat happened,” Sisson said.

The S un flo w e r C oun ty vo ter - r eg is tra tio n cam paign fo r Negroes— w ho num ber 13,500 o f the 22,- 300 persons o f vo tin g age in the county, w ith on ly 161 Negroes reg­istered — was announced last m onth by the S tudent N onv io len t C o ord ina ting C om m ittee. T he coun ty is in the D e lta reg ion o f M ississipp i and is the b irth p lace o f the W h ite C itizens C ouncils and the home coun ty o f racist Senator James O. Eastland (D em .).

SNCC w o rkers in the county found the re g is tra r ’s o ffice closed w hen they w ent there w ith N e­groes a ttem p ting to reg is ter to vote. Thereupon SNCC cha irm an Charles M cD ew w ire d Senator E astland asking h im to in s tru c t the re g is tra r to open his o ffice or to resign fro m the Senate i f “ v io la ­tions o f vo tin g rig h ts are no t c o r­rected.” P resident K ennedy was also in fo rm ed o f the s itua tion and sp e c ifica lly in fo rm ed o f the threats o f vio lence.

F o llo w in g a ra id by arm ed w h ite men on a v o te r- tra in in g o f­fice Aug. 17 in G reenwood, Miss.— also in the D e lta — M cDew w ire d the pres ident: “ Request you send fede ra l m arshals to G reen­wood, M ississipp i, to p ro tec t v o t­e r-re g is tra tio n w orkers. I f no fed ­e ra l in te rve n tio n is fo rthco m ing in Greenwood and o ther D e lta cities,

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C lapp ing hands in rh y th m to freedom songs, Negroes arrested th is sum m er in one of th e A lb an y , G a., an ti-seg reg ation d em ­onstrations are shown w a itin g behind ja i l before booking. O ver 1,000 arrests of dem onstrators have been m ade since protests began last fa ll.

We've ExpandedW ith th is issue T he M i l i t a n t d o u b le s its size. W e s h a ll e n ­

d e a v o r to u t i l iz e th is n e w e lb o w ro o m to m a ke th e p a p e r m o re in fo rm a t iv e , u s e fu l and in te re s t in g .

W e m a ke no fa ls e p re te n s io n s , as do m o s t papers , to im ­p a r t ia l i t y . W e a re f r a n k ly p a rtis a n . W e a re p a rtis a n s o f th e w o r k ­in g peop le , o f oppressed an d d is c r im in a te d -a g a in s t m in o r it ie s , o f those pe rsecu te d by w itc h -h u n te rs and th o u g h t-c o n tro l le rs , o f those f ig h t in g to w a rd o f f n u c le a r w a r and fa s c is t b a rb a r is m , o f c o lo n ia l and s e m i-c o lo n ia l peop les a g a in s t im p e r ia lis m , o f peop les w h o h a ve th ro w n o f f c a p ita lis m and in s t i tu te d n a t io n a liz e d econ ­om ies an d p la n n in g , o f th e fo rce s w i th in such c o u n tr ie s s t ru g ­g l in g fo r w o rk e rs ’ d e m o cra cy . F in a lly , w e a re p a rtis a n s o f ju s tic e , e q u a lity and soc ia lism .

S uch p a r tis a n s h ip in no w ay c o n f lic ts w i th th e s tr ic te s t pos­s ib le accu ra cy as to th e fa c ts . Ind eed , w e b e lie v e o u r p a rtis a n s h ip is m ade m o re e f fe c t iv e b y h o n e s ty and th a t th e cause o f soc ia lism can be se rve d an d a d van ced o n ly b y te l l in g w o rk e rs th e t r u th .

A s m a y be in fe r re d f ro m th e above , th is p a p e r is n o t su p ­p o rte d b y a d v e r t is in g reve nu e . N o r is i t su b s id ized b y r ic h “ an g e ls .” I t is s u p p o rte d b y its re a d e rs -c o n tr ib u to rs .

T o h e lp us c o n tin u e and im p ro v e in o u r e n la rg e d fo rm a t, y o u can do tw o th in g s : 1) G e t y o u r fr ie n d s an d fe l lo w w o rk e rs to s u b s c rib e ; 2 ) C o n tr ib u te f in a n c ia l ly as m u ch and as re g u la r ly as yo u can.

New Force Emerges in AlgeriaB y Joseph Hansen

P A R IS , Sept. 3 — In a week of a b ru p t p o lit ic a l sh ifts in the A l ­gerian re vo lu tion , the m ost s ig n i­f ica n t event was the im pressive sound o f a new voice — the trade unions o f the cap ita l c ity , A lg ie rs . O bservers in A lg e ria , whose re ­ports cons titu te the m ain news in the d a ily press here, are v ir tu a lly unan im ous on th is.

The P o lit ic a l Bureau headed by Ben B ella p rec ip ita ted a new crisis in the leadership o f the re vo lu tion when i t announced Aug. 25 tha t it was “ no longer capable o f c a rry ­ing ou t its resp ons ib ilitie s ” and postponed the elections to an A l ­gerian Assem bly w h ich had been scheduled to take place Sept. 2.

The P o litica l Bureau charged th a t a “ ha n d fu l o f o ffice rs ” in W il- laya (m il ita ry zone) IV , w h ich in ­cludes A lg ie rs , had refused to bow to the a u th o r ity o f the P o litica l Bureau. Ben B e lla and his p r in ­c ip a l spokesman, M oham m ed K h i- der, then le ft A lg ie rs and ca lled a conference at S e tif in v o lv in g p r in ­c ip a lly the m il ita ry forces o f the regions th a t have backed the P o lit ­ica l B ureau. The conference ended w ith announcem ent o f a decision, supported by Colonel H o ua ri B ou - m edienne, to “ restore o rd e r” in

A lg ie rs by w hateve r means m ig h t be requ ired .

To th is the o ffice rs o f W illa ya IV responded by dec la ring th e ir in te n tio n to defend th e ir base against any attack. These o ffice rs, whose average age is 22, are head­ed by Colonel Si Hassan, aged 28. They are backed by the forces of B elkacem K r im o f W illa y a I I I .

A s the arm ed forces o f the tw o sides approached each other, i t appeared th a t the cou n try was on the verge o f c iv i l w ar. Skirm ishes in v o lv in g arrests, g u n fire and a num ber o f casualties len t sub­stance to the a la rm in g headlines.

Despite the g ra v ity o f the d is­pute, the issues rem ained com ­p le te ly unclear to the masses of A lg e ria . Ben B e lla accused the o ffice rs o f W illa y a IV o f “ rebe l­lio n ” against the “ cen tra l a u th o r­i t y ” th a t had succeeded the P ro v i­sional G overnm ent. They accused h im in tu rn o f a ttem p ting to set up a “ personal d ic ta to rsh ip .”

A ltho ug h bo th sides avow so­c ia lis t goals, ne ithe r o f them has advanced even the most obv ious ly needed em ergency measures. U n ­em ploym ent, fo r instance, is reach­ing catastroph ic p ropo rtions; yet fa rm s and in d u s tr ia l plants, aban­doned by ow ners w ho fled to France, stand id le . E lem en ta ry

Sept. 12 — F or th ree weeks the w a r drum s have been pound ing against Cuba. F rom a com bina­tio n o f e lec tio n -tim e opportun ism , p o lit ic a l weakness and im p e ria lis t fru s tra tio n , the K ennedy adm in is ­tra t io n is feeding the flam es of the destroy-C uba hys te ria being w h ipped up by the big business press and the p o litic ian s o f both c ap ita lis t parties.

The ad m in is tra tio n appears to have lost con tro l o f the s itua tion in W ashington. T h is makes K e n ­nedy capable o f ad ven tu ris tic ac­tions in the Cuban cris is w h ich

Attention N. Y. Area!A p icket line dem onstration

at the U n ited Nations on its opening day, Tuesday, Sept. 18, w ill protest the u nbrid led threats of invasion and b lo ck -' ade against Cuba now re v e r­berating throughout this coun­try . P icketing , u nder the au ­spices of the F a ir P lay for Cuba C om m ittee, w il l be from 5:30 to 7 p.m . Assemble a t F irs t A ve. and 42nd St.

pu b lic in te rest w ou ld seem to re ­q u ire th e ir im m edia te e x p ro p ria ­tion . No one has proposed an y th in g lik e th is except Ben B e lla w ho at one po in t declared they w ou ld be taken over i f the ow ners d id not re tu rn by a certa in date. B u t he d id no t specify the date.

S im ila r ly on the c ru c ia l ques­tion o f estab lish ing a governm ent o f popu la r character. Instead of im m e d ia te ly fo rm in g councils of w orkers, peasants and soldiers as a tho ro u g h ly dem ocra tic basis fo r a W orkers and Farm ers G ove rn ­ment, both sides became locked in an unclear s trugg le in w h ich fac­tio n a l in terests appear to have been placed above the in terests of the re vo lu tion as a whole.

Ben B e lla was en thus ias tica lly acclaim ed when he entered A l­giers. D u rin g the m onth tha t he was there, however, he fa iled to c a rry th rough even on the basic issue o f ag ra rian re fo rm . Instead he seemed to be preoccupied w ith un de rcu tting the local leadership o f W illa y a IV . T h e ir charge that, under guise o f asserting “ c iv i l ia n ” leadership over the m ilita ry , he was in re a lity a ttem p ting to b y ­pass in s titu tio n s b u ilt d u rin g the re v o lu tio n a ry s trugg le seemed, consequently, no t w ith o u t tru th .

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B y W il l ia m B u n d ySEPT. 12 — V io lence and te rro r against the cam paign to reg is ter

Negro voters in the South is m oun ting w h ile the K ennedy a d m in is tra ­tio n — fu l ly in fo rm ed beforehand o f the th rea ts — dodges its c lear resp o n s ib ility to a ffo rd p ro tection and lim its its e lf to “ inves tiga tions” and tim id cou rt action.

Judge Goes Easy With Monroe Thug

could even le a d , as the S oviet gov­e rnm en t o f f ic ia lly w arned on Sept. 11, to a w o rld n uclear w ar.

I t is no t th a t K ennedy y ie lds to anyone in his ha tred o f Cuba and his desire to ove rth ro w the Cas­tro governm ent. I t is s im p ly tha t a fte r the A p r i l 1961 invas ion debacle, whose plans and launch­ing had been approved by h im , b itte r experience disposes h im to approach cau tious ly and we igh c a re fu lly plans to destroy the Cuban R evo lu tion by m il ita ry a t­tack.

He knows th a t such an a ttack could on ly succeed i f U.S. troops and planes were used and tha t

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Reform Dems In N.Y. Get Double Cross

NEW Y O R K — The libera ls , progressives and rad ica ls, who sparked and have been do ing the hard w o rk in the re fo rm m ove­m ent in the D em ocra tic P a rty in th is c ity , have received a series o f k icks in the teeth fro m tha t p a r ty ’s leaders — both conserva­tiv e and lib e ra l — in connection w ith the Sept. 6 p r im a ry elec­tions.

The key, grass-roots, re fo rm c lub is the V illa g e Independent Dem ocrats. Last year i t succeeded in de feating New Y o rk ’s T am ­m any boss, C arm ine DeSapio, as p a rty d is tr ic t leader on his home te rr ito ry . T h is is the c lub w h ich th is m onth was the ta rge t o f the s tiffe s t b lows fro m the c o n tro llin g forces in the D em ocra tic P a rty — in c lu d in g those w hom th is c lub had supported and whose power its hard w o rk had so g re a tly en­hanced.

Less than tw o weeks before the prim aries , fo rm e r Senator Le h ­man, one o f the “ re fo rm e rs ” w ho had sought to im p rove the p a r ty ’s pu b lic im age by ousting DeSapio, declared his opposition to the V ID candidate fo r S tate Assem blym an, E dw ard I. Koch, and came ou t fo r the o ld - lin e D eS ap io-m achine- man, W ill ia m F. Passannante. T h is b low was succeeded by another when New Y o rk ’s M ayo r W agner — w hom the V ID had supported in his ba ttle w ith the DeSapio forces — fo llow ed su it. W agner said Passannante’s v ic to ry w ou ld “ be good fo r the p a rty — fo r the tru e re fo rm o f the p a rty .”

I t was c lear th a t fo r Lehm an and W agner, “ re fo rm ” m eant on ly rep lac ing DeSapio’s in fluence and

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Page T w o T H E M IL IT A N T M onday, Septem ber 17, 1962

Both Spanish Dailies in N.Y. Now in Hands of Monopolist

B y T r e n t H u t te r

N ew Y o rk ’s tw o S pa n ish -A m er- ican d a ily newspapers, E l D ia rio and L a Prensa, are no w owned by the same m an and have the same ed ito r. N ew Y o rk ’s Spanish-speak­in g m in o r ity , to w hom these pa­pers are sold, num bers about 800,- 000 people.

The m an w ho acqu ired bo th La Prensa and E l D ia r io th is year is O. Roy C ha lk . H e is a m illio n a ire fin a n c ie r w ho bought the pu b lic tra n sp o rta tio n system in W ashing­ton, D.C., and founded T rans - Caribbean, a h ig h ly p ro fita b le N e w Y o rk -S a n Juan, P uerto Rico, a ir lin e . H e also w ants to b u ild a m o n o ra il in San Juan and, i f pos­s ib le, to b u y N ew Y o rk ’s bus lines.

C h a lk uses the tw o newspapers above a ll to pu b lic ize T ra n s -C a rib - bean and h is m on o ra il p ro jec t, b u t he also seems to have p o lit ic a l aim s in m ind . U pon L a Prensa, w h ic h used to be a m ore o r less lib e ra l paper, he has now im posed the r ig h t-w in g lin e o f E l D ia r io by ousting L a Prensa’s lib e ra l ed ito r, D r . Francisco José Cardona and m ak in g E l D ia r io ’s reac tiona ry S tan ley Ross the e d ito r o f bo th

papers. One e d ito r s im u ltaneously heading tw o da ilies — th is is a most unusual procedure and m ay possib ly be the f ir s t step tow ards a m erger o f the tw o.

B u t even i f La Prensa continues to ex is t fo r the tim e being, the e lim in a tio n o f serious com petition between the tw o newspapers and the p o lit ic a l consequences o f the C h a lk m onopoly are m ak in g the m ­selves fe lt. Some o f L a Prensa’s co lum n ists have a lready been f ire d o r th e ir ro les have been reduced. W ith the dism issal o f D r. Cardona — w ho a p pa ren tly was a t f ir s t p rom ised by C ha lk th a t he w o u ld be con tinued in h is jo b — La Prensa’s fo rm e r p o lit ic a l lin e has been rep laced by S tan ley Ross’ cautious a ttem p t to w h itew ash the F ranco reg im e in Spain, the back­in g o f “ p r iv a te en te rp rise ” against any idea o f economic p la n n in g in L a t in A m erica , and the preach ing o f U.S. m il i ta ry in te rv e n tio n in Cuba.

Ross, w ho once founded the D om in ican newspaper E l Caribe fo r the T r u j i l lo reg im e, o f w h ic h he now c la im s to have d isap­proved, has been fro m the beg in -

. . . N.Y. Reform Democrats(C on tin ued fro m Page 1)

ta rn ished nam e w ith th e ir own, and th a t the grass-roots re fo rm m ovem ent had served its purpose and should be liqu ida te d . They chose to a ttack the in flue nce of the key c lub , the V ID , as a b ig step to w a rd tam in g the re fo rm clubs and e lim in a tin g such in d e ­pendence as they had developed.

The Lehm an-W agner b lo w was fo llow e d by the de fection o f James F . Lan igan , w hom the V ID had elected to DeSapio’s fo rm e r posi­t io n as p a rty d is tr ic t leader. L a ­n igan, w ho was reported in the press to have been ta lk in g w ith Lehm an about no m in a tion fo r U.S. Senator o r another h igh post, resigned fro m the V ID , saying the c lu b was “ e x tre m is t.”

To top i t o ff, the New Y o rk Post, the o n ly d a ily c la im in g to sup­p o r t the re fo rm m ovem ent, gave its endorsem ent to Passannante, w h o then defeated the V ID can­d ida te in the p r im a ry e lection.

B e fo re the open W agn e r-L eh - m an a ttack on the V ID club, the re fo rm m ovem ent in the 19th Con­gressional d is tr ic t on M an ha ttan ’s East Side was tamed w hen A s ­sem blym an M a rk Lane was de­feated in his b id to be the re ­fo rm candidate fo r Congress in the p r im a ry . Lane — an outspoken oponent o f the bom b-she lte r hoax and a de fender o f c iv i l lib e rtie s — had been subjected to a p e r­sonal and re d -b a it in g a ttack by h is r iv a ls in the re fo rm m ove­m en t itse lf. He also declined — un de r pressure and w ith re lu c ­tance, i t is reported — to ru n fo r his A ssem b ly sea t again.

“ The honest lib e ra ls and ra d ­ica ls ,” said R icha rd Garza, So­c ia lis t W orkers P a rty candidate fo r governor, “ w ho had hopes o f

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n ing one o f the most fan a tica l enemies o f the Cuban R evo lu tion .

La Prensa never, o f course, id e n tifie d its e lf w ith socialism . B u t the ideolog ica l d iffe rence w h ich d id e x is t between the tw o Span- ish -A m e rica n dailies, th e ir r iv a lry fo r the fa vo r o f New Y o rk ’s S pan ish-A m erican com m u n ity and the o v e rw h e lm in g ly w o rk ing -c lass com position o f th is com m u n ity ob liged these papers — and pa r­t ic u la r ly La Prensa — sometimes to p ro v id e a tr ib u n e fo r d issenting groups. Each o f the tw o, m ore­over, tr ie d to outdo the o ther in some o f the causes the Spanish- A m ericans are in terested in . Thus they w ere able in several cases to he lp organize successful campaigns — the action e a rlie r th is year, fo r exam ple, against the death sen­tence fo r S a lvador Agron.

O bjects o f SpeculationThe dangerous trend was a l­

ready m an ifes t when La Prensa, o r ig in a lly owned by the C am prub i fa m ily o f Spanish libe ra ls , was sold to Ita lo -A m e ric a n business- m a n -p o lit ic o F o rtune Pope, w ho in tu rn sold i t th is year to Chalk. I t is a la rm in g to see both Spanish- A m erican da ilies become the ob­jects o f ca p ita lis t speculation and the in s tru m en ts o f p o lit ic a l forces a lien to the S pan ish-A m erican com m un ity .

Such is the na tu re o f ou r cap­ita l is t “ freedom o f the press” th a t the r ic h can buy the organs of “ pu b lic op in ion ,” th a t vast sums o f m oney are needed to create a new d a ily paper and th a t i t is so d i f f ic u lt to compete w ith the re ­sources o f a C halk.

There is no lack o f capable S pan ish-A m erican jo u rn a lis ts w ith e d ito r ia l experience. W e be lieve in the S pan ish-A m ericans ’ r ig h t and a b il i ty to ru n th e ir ow n news­papers and hope th a t such pa­pers w i l l come in to existence to cha llenge the C ha lk m onopoly. B u t as long as th a t m onopoly exists those w ho read L a Prensa o r E l D ia r io should do so m ore cau tious ly and m ore c r it ic a lly than ever.

The National Picket Line

One thousand sta tion agents and te legraphers, m em bers o f the O rde r o f R a ilroad Telegraphers, have tied up the Chicago and N o rth W estern R a ilw a y — the c o u n try ’s th ird longest r a i l line — since A ug. 30 seeking jo b secu rity in a d ispu te w h ich began fiv e years ago b u t was p ro trac ted in va rious co o lin g -o ff procedures.

The un ion w ants a ru le s im ila r to th a t i t has won on o the r lines w h ich w o u ld guarantee its m em ­bers jobs fo r th e ir ac tive life . In 1957 i t dem anded th a t any p ro ­posed e lim in a tio n o f a jo b be sub­m itted to a rb itra t io n and th a t a 2 per cen t-a -yea r l im it on jo b re ­ductions be imposed. Since tha t tim e, w h ile the d ispu te was being cooled o ff, 500 jobs have been e lim in a ted and the m en la id o ff. The com pany s t i l l has p lans to e lim in a te m any m ore one -m an-s ta - tion agents and rep lace te le g ra ph­ers w ith autom ated equipm ent. The Te legraphers ’ p ic k e t lines have been respected by 15,000 m em bers o f o ther unions.

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T he Chicago area chap te r o f the Negro A m erican L a b o r C ounc il has announced a d r iv e to get com ­panies w ith governm ent contracts and unions w ith m em bers em ­p loyed on such jobs to com ply w ith ru lin g s by the federa l Com ­m ittee on E qua l E m p loym en t O p­p o rtu n ity . The Reynolds A lu m i­num p la n t a t McCook, I l l ., was c ited by N A L C reg iona l d ire c to r Lo la B e lle Ho lm es as an exam ple o f the prob lem . Seven unions have contracts at the p lan t, b u t on ly one, the U n ited S tee lw orkers of A m erica , has Negro m em bers there . The o th e r un ions in vo lve d are the Carpenters, B rick laye rs , B o ile rm akers , M ach in is ts , P ip e f it ­ters, and the In te rn a tio n a l B ro th ­erhood o f E le c tr ica l W orkers.

* * *

W orkers in a ll c ra fts at 12 New Y o rk C ity hotels ha lted w o rk fo r

a h a lf ho u r o f “ lo b b y in g ” Sept. 6 to press demands fo r a new con­trac t. The w orkers , m em bers of un ions a ff ilia te d w ith the New Y o rk H ote l Trades C ouncil — chosen as rep resen ta tive o f the in d u s try — massed in the m ain lobbies o f the hotels and passed ou t a lea fle t to the guests e x p la in ­in g th e ir case. The em ployers had repud ia ted a new con tract agree­m en t — a d e fin ite im p rovem e n t over the old one— made last m on th by representatives o f the counc il and the hotel association.

The tougher ba rga in ing stand o f the un ion leaders, w h ich re s u lt­ed in the im provem ents, is gen­e ra lly considered to have resu lted fro m a scare th ro w n in to them by a ra n k -a n d -f ile re v o lt a t the W a ld o rf-A s to r ia ho te l las t M ay w hen a w ild c a t w a lk o u t by w a it ­ers tu rn e d in to a successful f u l l - scale tw o -d a y s tr ik e against the em ployers and the conservative un ion leadership.

The “ lo b b y in g ” action — organ­ized by the counc il to force the em ployers to r a t ify the agreem ent a rr iv e d at by th e ir representatives — m arks a depa rtu re in the u n ­io n ’s 25-year p o licy o f no a u th o r­ized w o rk stoppages o r s tr ikes in New Y o rk hotels.

The A F L -C IO execu tive council, w h ich meets n e x t Nov. 12, is ex ­pected to announce a t th a t t im e de ta ils o f a p lanned m a jo r organ­iz ing e ffo r t in S outhern C a lifo rn ia . There are an estim ated tw o m il­lio n unorganized w o rke rs in the area, 1.5 m il lio n o f them in g rea te r Los Angeles. T h is is the largest concen tra tion o f unorganized w o rke rs in any u rb an area o f the coun try . In Los Angeles, o n ly 42 per cent o f the w o rke rs in the o il, chem ica l and ru b b e r industries arc organized; o n ly 40 per cent in m etals and m ach inery , 26 per cent in apparel and 13 per cent in wholesale and re ta il trade.

M a y o r W a g n e r

f in d in g a p ra c tica l avenue fo r e x ­e rtin g in fluence th rou gh the re ­fo rm m ovem ent in the D em ocratic P a rty , have been and are be ing c y n ic a lly be trayed by a p a rty w h ich is inevocab ly tied to the defense o f special p riv ile g e , the w itc h h u n t and the cold w a r. A re they now going to expend th e ir energies suppo rting such a p a rty and its c o ld -w a r candidates in the Novem ber elections? I sub m it tha t th e ir energies and ta len ts — d i­rected tow a rd p o lit ic a l action in ­dependent o f the tw o big-business pa rties — w o u ld have s ig n ifica n t effect. I appeal to a ll those w ho are fed up w ith the m ach inations o f the Dem ocrats and Republicans to p a rtic ip a te in the Socia lis t W orkers P a rty cam paign in th is yea r’s e lections as a step tow a rd un ited , independent, p o lit ic a l ac­tio n .”

. . . New Algeria Force Emerges(C on tinued fro m Page 1)

Ben B e lla ’s course in A lg ie rs thus stands in con trast to F ide l Castro ’s actions at a s im ila r period in the Cuban revo lu tio n . In H a ­vana at the tim e, young re v o lu ­tio n a ry forces seized pu b lic b u ild ­ings in apparent challenge to the leadership o f the J u ly 26 M ove­m ent. A f te r a few tense days they recognized C a s t r o ’ s a u th o rity . N e ithe r cap itu la tion , h u m ilia tio n no r loss o f face was invo lve d in th is . Castro fu l ly recognized th e ir co n trib u tio n to the re v o lu tio n a ry v ic to ry and they w ere g iven re p ­resentation in responsible govern­m en t posts in accordance w ith the s treng th o f th e ir forces.

Tow ards the end o f Ben B e lla ’s m onth in A lg ie rs , h is p o p u la r ity declined, as could be gauged from the poor response to h is e ffo rts to stage mass meetings. The lack of c lear p rog ram m atic d iffe rences among the squabb ling leaders led to a certa in w ith d ra w a l o f con­fidence fro m both sides, a t least among the w o rk in g masses o f A lg ie rs .

T rad e Unions Step InI t was at th is stage th a t the

trade unions of A lg ie rs stepped in. They took as th e ir open ing an appeal fo r mass dem onstra tions fro m the o ffice rs of W illa y a IV and called on the w o rk in g people to come in to the streets.

The response last F r id a y came as an ev iden t surp rise to a ll the group ings th a t have occupied the p o lit ic a l stage fo r the tw o m onths since A lg ie rs w on freedom . E s ti­mates o f the size o f the crow d ranged fro m 20,000 to 25,000.

The independent tone o f the slo­gans and speeches, in d ic a tin g a c r it ic a l appra isa l o f bo th the P o lit ­ica l Bureau a n d the W illa y a IV

leaders, was also unexpected. This, together w ith the strong con­dem nation o f reso rting to force to settle an unc lear dispute, showed th a t a new pow er — tha t o f the U G T A (U n ion G énérale des T ra ­v a ille u rs A lg é rie ns) — now had to be taken in to consideration.

The U G T A backed the dem on­s tra tion w ith a th re a t to ca ll an “ u n lim ite d general s tr ik e ” i f its appeal fo r a peacefu l se ttlem ent w en t unheeded.

The im m edia te consequence o f the U G T A dem onstra tion was to s low down the d r i f t tow a rd armed co n flic t. In ad d ition i t has fostered fra te rn iz a tio n among the ra n k and f i le of the tw o sides. Men, wom en and ch ild re n by the thousands w e n t ou t fro m A lg ie rs to meet the

approaching m il ita ry forces of the P o lit ic a l Bureau and to appeal to them no t to f ire . In some places the dusty roads w e re so packed th a t no t even m il ita ry t ra f f ic could move.

W hether the trade unions, as an independent force in the re v o lu ­tion , can now develop s w if t ly and p o w e rfu lly enough to dec is ive ly a lte r the im m ed ia te course o f events rem ains to be seen. One o f the tests w i l l be the capacity o f the leaders it b rings to the fo re to ad­vance an em ergency p rog ram cap­able o f m eeting the pressing c u r­ren t needs o f the people w h ile a t the same tim e lin k in g the so lu tion o f these problem s to the a lready ev iden t tendency o f the re vo lu tion to develop in the socia list d irec tion .

Now Available in English

Fidel Castro Denounces Bureaucracy and Sectarianism

The complete text of the sensational March 26 speech in

which Castro assailed Communist Party leader Anibal Escal­

ante and others for converting the new Cuban Integrated

Revolutionary Organizations into "a yoke, a straitjacket."

35 cents a copy

PIONEER PUBLISHERS

116 University Place New York 3, N .Y .

M onday, Septem ber 17, 1962 T H E M IL IT A N T Page T h ree

Labor Board OK’s Firing Of Pro-Castro Workers

T h e fo llo w in g is the com plete te x t o f F id e l Castro’s Sept. 1 state­m en t rep ly in g to the U .S . charge th a t Cubans fired on a U .S. N avy plane.

* * *

T he G overnm en t o f the U n ited States issued yesterday a fternoon the fo llo w in g dec la ra tion : “ T w osm a ll boats w h ich are be lieved to have been Cuban, shot at an a ir ­p lane o f the U.S. at 2 p.m. Cuban tim e, A ugust the 30th, 1962. The a ttack occurred a p p ro x im a te ly 15 m iles n o rth o f Cuba on in te rn a ­tio n a l waters, w h ile the a irp lane made its ro u tin e f l ig h t o f in s tru c ­tion . I t was occupied by three re ­serve m em bers o f the A rm y on active p ro v is io na l service. In case a s im ila r in c id e n t should again occur o f shooting at a irp lanes o r ships o f the U.S. on o r in in te rn a ­tio n a l w aters, d u rin g peaceful ac­tions o f the func tions o f the A rm y o f the U.S.A., we w i l l use a ll the necessary means fo r ou r ow n de­fense and w i l l assure the free use o f said w aters. The Cuban G ov­e rn m en t has been in fo rm ed by the a p pro p ria te channels.”

D r. Castro con tinued : We cate­g o ric a lly a f f irm th a t the statem ent o f the N o rth -A m e ric a n G ove rn ­m en t is abso lu te ly false. I t is a pure in ve n tio n , a m ethod in w h ich Y ankee po litics have m uch e x p e ri­ence. I t is no t a t a ll strange th a t a fte r the em barrassing and c r im ­in a l a ttack on the c ity o f Havana by arm ed boats w h ich le f t fro m F lo r id a and w h ich re tu rn ed there, the G overnm en t o f W ashington should now tu rn to th is cyn ica l and unscrupulous recourse. N e ithe r a nava l c ra ft n o r a irp lane o f Cuba has ever com m itted a hostile act o f any k in d in any fo rm against the a irp lanes, ships, ins ta lla tions, o r w a ters o f N o rth -A m e ric a . In ­stead, m il ita ry ships and planes o f the U.S.A. have v io la ted hundreds o f tim es ou r ae ria l space, our p rope r waters, and harassed our ships w ith lo w flig h ts . T h e ir guards a t the G uantanam o N aval Base, usurped te r r ito ry o f the C uban na tion , a lm ost d a ily shoot tow ards ou r land. Th is , aside fro m

the uncountab le tim es th a t a ir ­planes proceeding fro m the U n it ­ed States have set f ire to ou r sug­a r cane crops o r dropped arms and explosives over o u r N a tion a l te rr ito ry . The p ira te ships tha t proceed fro m th a t cou n try have attacked ships, in d u s tr ia l in s ta lla ­tions and res ide n tia l zones, before and a fte r the c r im in a l invasion of P laya G iro n (B ay o f P igs). T h is was a ll recognized and confessed by the President, the Pentagon, the C .I.A . and the Yankee State D epartm ent. A t no tim e has Cuba answered the provocations w ith another p rovoca tion . H undreds of tim es ou r r ig h ts have been v io ­lated and always, in v a r ia b ly , we have responded w ith a pu b lic p ro ­test and denouncem ent be fore the in te rn a tio n a l organ izations and w o r ld op in ion . We have been de­nouncing the U.S.A. fo r p re pa ring an aggression against ou r coun­try . The cyn ica l, unscrupu lous and shameless in ven tion o f th is in c i­dent w h ich presents Cuban ships shooting against a Yankee a irp lane in in te rn a tio n a l waters, coincides w ith the be llig e re n t cam paign and the hys te rica l an ti-C u ban ism w h ic h has been le t loose d u rin g these days, con firm s the justness o f the w a rn in g w h ich Cuba is m ak ing to the w o r ld o f the dan­gers w h ich are in vo lve d fo r our c o u n try and w o rld peace, the ad­ven tu rous and w a r - lik e p o litic s o f the G overnm en t o f the U .S.A. In its s ta tem ent the G overnm en t o f the U.S.A. threatens th a t: ‘in case a s im ila r in c ide n t should again occur th e ir arm ed forces w i l l act.’

Real inc idents provoked b y Cuba sha ll never occur, b u t inven ted in ­cidents, tru c u le n t, c r im in a l, forged w ith means o f aggression against ou r C o u n try sha ll possib ly oc­cur. The G overnm en t o f the U n it ­ed States is devoid o f a ll scruples. B u t do no t be lieve th a t Cuba can become in tim id a te d w ith the b ru ta l threats. I f the arm ed forces o f the U.S.A. a ttack Cuba, they w i l l have to come disposed to die in the ba ttle .

O u r country or death! W e w ill

. . . Invasion Clamor(Continued from Page 1)

the U.S. casualty ra te w o u ld be e x tre m e ly h igh . Even i f the d is ­p ro po rtiona te m il ita ry pow e r of the U.S. f in a lly triu m p h e d , g u e r il­la resistance w ou ld go on in ­d e fin ite ly .

H ow ever, despite the “ im age” o f K ennedy as a f irm , strong president, w h ich the a d m in is tra ­tion , using a ll the M adison Ave. techniques has tr ie d to p ro jec t, he has s tead ily succumbed to pres­sure fro m the m ost reac tionary and jin g o is t forces d u r in g the c u r­re n t hue and c ry about Cuba. T h is g iv in g o f ground by K ennedy has o n ly strengthened those forces enab ling them to b r in g the hys­te ria to new heights.

K ennedy in a ll lik e lih o o d was te ll in g the t ru th at his Aug. 29 press conference w hen he said: “ I ’m not fo r in va d in g Cuba — at th is tim e .” He hopes to starve or s trang le the Cuban R evo lu tion — o r at least b r in g about a s itua tion favo ra b le fo r an invasion — by em bargo and economic s trang u la ­tion .

Nonetheless his a d m in is tra tio n has been g iv in g the green lig h t to Cuban c o u n te r-re vo lu tio n a ry groups in F lo r id a fo r random she lling attacks on Cuban coastal c ities and sh ipp ing, issu ing pu b lic decla ra tions about us ing m il ita ry force to stop Cuban “ aggression,” and in fla m in g pu b lic op in ion w ith accusations th a t “ the Cubans are f ir in g a t o u r planes.”

T he la test ir re s p o n s ib ility is S ecre tary o f S tate Dean R usk’s obtuse and f l ip p a n t s ta tem ent d is ­m iss ing the S ov ie t w a rn in g as m ere propaganda. Said Rusk: “ We are a great na tion . W e are not

nervous o r a fra id . W e’l l proceed as we f in d i t necessary.”

W hat is lost s igh t o f in a ll the hys te ria is w h a t the Cubans have a c tu a lly done. They have b u ilt up th e ir defenses as m uch as they could. No cou n try anyw here has a be tte r r ig h t. They were invaded o n ly a l i t t le m ore than a year ago. T hey face constant attacks from ra ide rs opera ting w ith im m u n ity fro m U.S. te rr ito ry .

Facing th is s itua tion the Cuban governm ent ob ta ined radar, a n t i­a irc ra ft and coastal defense equ ip ­ment. The several thousand tech­n ic ians fro m the S ov ie t b loc are no t an e x h o rb ita n t nu m be r to in ­s ta ll, m a in ta in and teach the use o f th is equ ipm ent. Y e t th is is pa rlayed by the U.S. press in to a “ th re a t.”

I t is a te rr ib le com m entary on the le ve l to w h ich U.S. po litics has sunk th a t the re is no t a single Congressman, no t a sing le p ro m i­nent p o lit ic a l f ig u re in the coun­t r y w ho dares to get up and te ll the tru th about th is “ cris is ,” not a s ingle D em ocrat o r R epublican o ffice ho lder anyw here, w ho has the courage to declare th a t the U.S. should keep hands o f f Cuba.

The pressure is on K ennedy to “ do som eth ing about Cuba.” H is successive steps, c u lm in a tin g in the request fo r the pow er to ca ll up reserves w h ile Congress is in recess, have fa ile d to sa tis fy those c a llin g fo r the use o f “ fo rce .” W ould K ennedy use th a t “ fo rce ” ? I f the pressure w ere g reat enough to m ake i t p o lit ic a lly exped ient, he w ou ld . He has shown a gam ­b le r ’s a la c r ity fo r go ing to the b r in k m any tim es in h is short tenure in the W h ite House.

F id e l Castro

Pickets Score War Hysteria Over Cuba

N EW Y O R K — A p icke tlin e at the U n ited Nations headquarters here Sept. 7 protested U.S. th rea ts to Cuba and urged U .S .-Cuban negotia tions to reduce tensions in the Caribbean.

C a lled by the F a ir P lay fo r Cuba C om m ittee, the p icke tlin e was supported by various C uban- A m erican and P uerto R ican groups. FPCC A c tin g E xecu tive Secre tary R ichard G ibson said the dem onstra tion had been h a s tily ca lled because o f the unprecedent­ed w a r hyste ria in the press against Cuba and th a t a planned dem onstra tion at the same place w o u ld be he ld Sept. 18 w hen the U N G enera l A ssem bly convenes.

“ Vested in terests in the U.S., c e rta in elem ents in the Pentagon and Cuban c o u n te r-re vo lu tio n a ry groups in th e ir pay are seeking by every means to provoke a w a r between the U.S. and Cuba, no m a tte r w h a t the cost,” G ibson declared. “ There is no ‘Cuban prob lem ,’ ” he added. “ There is o n ly a ve ry serious prob lem of conv inc ing U.S. statesmen th a t th is na tion m ust lea rn to liv e in peace w ith its neighbors, no m a t­te r w h a t th e ir p o lit ica l, economic and social systems.”

The N a tion a l Labo r Relations Board has ru le d in W ashington th a t an em p loye r is ju s t if ie d in f ir in g w o rke rs so le ly on the basis o f th e ir suspected p o lit ic a l o p in ­ions. T h is outrageous decision, concern ing the f ir in g in M ia m i of a group o f Cuban w o rke rs alleged to be supporters o f F id e l Castro, sets a precedent fo r fu r th e r pe r­secutions o f w o rke rs w ith v iew s d if fe r in g fro m those o f th e ir em ­ployers.

A th ree -m em ber panel upheld on Sept. 5 the fin d in g s o f the t r ia l exam iner, Lou is L ib b in , in a case in v o lv in g the A llu re Shoe Com ­pany o f M ia m i and Local 855 of the A F L -C IO R e ta il, W holesale and D epartm ent Store W orkers U nion.

L ib b in ru led last M ay th a t w h ile the com pany was g u ilty o f u n fa ir la bo r practices in f ir in g a num ber o f Cuban w o rke rs fo r un ion ac­t iv ity , i t d id no t have to reh ire f iv e o f them . The basis fo r th is ru lin g , he stated, was tha t they had been fire d no t fo r th e ir p ro ­un ion sym path ies b u t because the M ia m i police in te lligence u n it had reported to the com pany th a t the f iv e he ld p ro -C astro sentim ents.

The N L R B also uphe ld L ib b in ’s ru lin g th a t s ix o th e r Cuban w o rk ­ers f ire d b y the com pany w ou ld have to be reh ired w ith back pay since no question had been raised about th e ir p o lit ic a l sym pathies.

In upho ld ing a ru lin g based on such d is tinc tions , the N L R B not o n ly s trikes a serious b low a t the r ig h t o f w o rke rs to ho ld th e ir own p o lit ic a l v iew s, b u t gives a p o w e r­fu l weapon to u n io n -b u s tin g com ­panies to use against th e ir em ­ployes.

A p p a re n tly a com pany can now f ire any w o rke rs engaged in un ion a c tiv ity , w ith the blessing o f the N LR B , i f i t can o n ly get some­body to re p o rt “ subvers ive” sym ­pathies on the p a rt o f the w o rkers invo lved .

The com pany has a long record o f a n ti-u n io n a c t iv ity w h ich was c ited to N L R B by W orkers De­fense League a tto rneys C a rl Rach- l in and R ow land W atts, bo th of N ew Y o rk , w ho f ile d a b r ie f on beha lf o f the fire d M ia m i w orkers.

Those v ic tim ize d on the charge o f h o ld ing p ro -C astro sym path ies are: Sam uel R ivera , G ladys R i­vera, A na Canut, A le ja n d r in a Za­m ora, P au lina G arc ia and A l- phonso Delgado.

I t is no t ye t kno w n w he the r the N L R B ru lin g w i l l be appealed o r not.

Peace Group Calls For Demonstrations

The New Y o rk C om m ittee fo r the G eneral S tr ik e fo r Peace has issued a second ca ll fo r a “ W o rld W ide G eneral S tr ik e fo r Peace” to take place the week o f Nov. 5 to Nov. 11. The dates w ere chosen to coincide w ith A rm is tic e (V e t­erans’ ) D ay and the U.S. elec­tions.

The s tr ik e com m ittees, spear­headed by the o r ig in a tin g g roup in New Y o rk , are c a llin g upon supporters to stop w o rk fo r some pe riod d u r in g the week, to boy­co tt goods made by m anu fac tu re rs o f w a r m ate ria ls , and to re fuse to vote fo r any candidate w ho sup­ports the cold w a r. The New Y o rk com m ittee urged the fo rm a tio n o f loca l s tr ik e com m ittees in oth e r areas and the organ iza tion o f dem onstra tions a t factories, gov­e rnm en t bu ild ings , and m il i ta ry ins ta lla tions.

The f ir s t s tr ik e c a ll took place d u r in g the w eek o f Jan. 29 to Feb. 4, 1962. A c t iv it ie s at th a t tim e inc luded s it- in s a t the A to m ic E nergy Com m ission offices, dem ­onstra tions a t U.S. A rm y re c ru it­in g centers, and a p icke t lin e at the U.S. stock exchange pro test­ing the p ro fits made fro m w a r preparations.

“ The R e vo lu tion was effected before the w a r commenced. The R evo lu tion was in the hearts and m inds o f the people . . . This ra d ica l change in the p rinc ip les , opinions, sentim ents, and a ffec­tions o f the people was the re a l A m erican R e vo lu tion ,” — John Adam s (1735-1826), second U .S . president.

World Eventsad ju s t to the tim es; he does not understand the va lue o f p a rty con­gress decisions in M oscow no r the rea l m eaning o f d e -S ta lin iza tio n .” The c ity council, w h ich elects the m ayor, has a heavy CP m a jo r ity . Upon his resignation , the CP lead­e rsh ip decided, Corassori could re ta in h is seat on the c ity council.

U -2 Reaction in Japan — “ B ut, perhaps ju s t as serious as fa r as the U.S. is concerned, is the fac t th a t some Japanese op in ion lead­ers seem to have lost confidence in W ash ing ton ’s ju d g m e n t as a re su lt o f the new U -2 a ffa ir . ‘The U.S. has again p layed w ith f ire w ith a U -2 p lane and has again been caught ou t by Russia,’ was the w ay a co lum n in the news­paper A sah i S h im bun described the s itua tion today. T h is seemed to sum m arize the op in ion o f a num be r o f Japanese. The newspa­per ca lled the U n ited States’ e x ­p lan a tion th a t the plane had been b lo w n o f f course ‘ labored and w in d y .’ ” — T okyo d ispa tch to the Sept. 9 New Y o rk Times.

U ncle T o m ’s C ab inet — T h a t is the t it le a special correspondent of the lib e ra l B r it is h pu b lica tio n , New Statesman, puts on his re ­po rt about S ir A le xa n d e r B usta - m ente ’s governm ent o f n e w ly in ­dependent Jam aica. “ A p a rt from m em bers o f the [B r it is h ] Com ­m onw ealth , w ho could h a rd ly be om itted , o n ly countries in good stand ing w ith the U.S. w ere in ­v ite d to send representatives to the Jam aican independence ce l­ebrations . . . The present govern ­m en t appears to have decided th a t

the w ay to the A m erican heart (and purse) is to th ro w its e lf in to the Cold W ar w ith ham -handed gusto. On N a tion a l L a b o u r D ay the P rim e M in is te r called a ll Jam aicans to crusade against com ­m unism . The p revious gove rn ­m en t’s proposal to estab lish a con­sulate in Cuba has been dropped, a lthough there are m any thousands o f Jam aicans l iv in g the re .”

Charges B eating in Moscow —H ito sh i Nemoto, cha irm an o f the 300,000-m em ber Zengakuren, the m il ita n t Japanese s tudent federa ­t io n w h ich is fam ous fo r its mass dem onstra tions against m ilita r is m and im p e ria lism , charged on Sept. 4, according to an Associated Press d ispatch fro m Tokyo, th a t he and tw o o ther Japanese students v is i t ­ing Moscow had been b ru ta lly trea ted w hen they a ttem pted to stage a pro test dem onstra tion in Red Square against S ov ie t as w e ll as U.S. nuc lear testing. Nem oto charged the po lice gagged them , beat them , and hanged them up ­side down.

Progress R eport — W rit in g fro m Santo D om ingo in the Sept. 2 N ew Y o rk T im es, Tad Szulc noted th a t the governm ent the re isn ’t do ing m uch to establish dem ocracy. B u t U.S. representatives are p itc h in g in to speed the process. F o r exam ple, he reports, “ A t the Police A cad­em y, an ex p e rt fro m M ia m i and tw o Los Angeles detectives are busy o rgan iz ing r io t-p o lic e squads and teach ing the m en to use truncheons instead o f r i f le bullets on d iso rd e rly crow ds.”

Castro's Reply On Plane 'Incident'

Exercising That Independence— The new state o f T r in id a d -T o - bago, ce leb ra ting the end o f its co lon ia l status, in v ite d Cuba to send a representa tive to its recent independence ceremonies. H is presence chagrined the U.S. State D epartm ent no less than T r in id a d - Tobago P rim e M in is te r E ric W il­lia m s ’ subsequent statements cha l­leng ing con tinued U.S. possession o f the choice 1,100 acres com pris­in g the Chaguaram as m il ita ry base w h ic h was granted to the U.S. not by the people o f T rin id a d bu t by the B r it is h governm ent.

Admission from Guantanamo —W ashington has consistently denied charges th a t planes from G uantanam o nava l base have v io la ted Cuban a ir space. B u t a d ispatch fro m G uantanam o Bay in the Sept. 3 M ia m i H e ra ld ad­m itte d the t ru th o f a Cuban charge o f 150 such v io la tio ns in one re ­cent week. The re p o rt cla im ed th a t “ m ost” o f these inc idents were accidental. C orrespondent Dom Bonafede w ro te : “ The fac t is tha t m ost o f the ‘v io la tio n s ’ are caused by N a vy planes engaging in sk ip bom bing practice on the base. The planes’ speed take them ou t over the base’s boundary before they can p u ll up and go around.”

D e -S ta lin iza tio n in Ita ly — A l-feo Corassori, Communist Party leader, who has been mayor of Modena since 1945, w il l have to step down fo r a more up-to-date replacement. A spokesman fo r the CP committee of the province w hich made the decision ex­plained: “ He has hot learned to

Page F o u r T H E M IL IT A N T M onday, S eptem ber 17, 1962

THE MILITANTEditor: JOSEPH H A N S E N

Managing Editor: G EO RG E L A V A N Business Manager: K A R O L Y N K E R R Y

Published w eekly , except fo r omission of five summer issues, by The M ilitan t Publishing Ass’n., 116 University P I., N ew Y ork 3, N . Y . Phone CH 3-2140. Second- class postage paid at New York, N .Y . Subscription: $3 a year; Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The M ilita n t’s views. These are expressed in editorials.

V o l. 26 - No. 33 <*$£*>345 M onday, Septem ber 17, 1962

Cuba and . . . South VietnamS hrieks and how ls fro m the c a p ita lis t newspapers and p o lit ic ­

ians about S ov ie t aid to re v o lu tio n a ry Cuba r in g h o llo w . The w ho le w o rld rem em bers the U .S .-m ounted invas ion o f Cuba in A p r i l 1961. M ore recen tly , we have been read ing the news d is ­patches fro m South V ie tn a m w here a p p ro x im a te ly 10,000 U.S. servicem en w ith napa lm and fra g m e n ta tio n bombs, flee ts o f he licop te rs and o th e r m odern p a raphe rna lia o f mass s laugh te r are he lp in g D ic ta to r-P re s id e n t Ngo D in h D iem to re ta in his b loody b u t s lip p in g g r ip on some fifte e n m ill io n hos tile subjects.

Tad S zu lc ’s a rt ic le and an e d ito r ia l in the Sept. 9 N. Y . Tim es d re w an uneasy and g u ilt - r id d e n analogy betw een S ov ie t aid to Cuba and U.S. a id to D iem . Szulc, w ho has sys te m a tica lly reported on Cuba in the m ost m a lic ious ve in , does a llo w th a t the fu n c tio n o f the S ov ie t personnel re ce n tly a rr iv e d in Cuba “ appears to be lo g is t ic ” and “ are fo r a ll p ra c tica l purposes in teg ra ted in to C uba’s arm ed forces in m uch the same w ay th a t U n ite d States personnel a re assigned to serve w ith South V ie tn a m ’s troops.” The Tim es e d ito r ia l sees a new and m ore dangerous s itu a tio n fo r the U.S. w here p rev ious S ov ie t a id “ d id not co m m it the S ov ie t U n ion in the sense th a t the U n ite d States is com m itted in such places as W est B e r lin and South V ie tn a m .”

Szulc and the T im es ed ito rs, o f course, seek th ro u g h th is ana logy o f Cuba and South V ie tn a m to p ro v id e a re tro a c tive ju s tif ic a tio n fo r w h a t is, in re a lity U.S. arm ed in te rv e n tio n against the V ie tnam ese people and in defense o f the parasites o f the D iem reg im e. T h is reg im e was p u t in pow er by the im p e ria lis ts in 1954 and has been kep t in pow e r by $1.5 b il l io n o f U.S. m ili ta r y and econom ic support as w e ll as by U.S. arm ed forces.

No one dares to c la im th a t the C astro -led u p ris in g was not supported by the o ve rw h e lm in g mass o f Cubans. I t o ve rth re w the B a tis ta d ic ta to rsh ip w h ich , l ik e D ie m ’s, found its p r in c ip a l support in a fo re ig n im p e ria lism — the U.S. No one doubts th a t the Castro reg im e cannot be o ve rth ro w n except by o ve rw h e lm in g U.S. arm ed force.

The s itu a tio n is e xa c tly opposite in South V ie tnam . No one doubts th a t the c o rru p t and degenerate D iem reg im e w ou ld be o ve rth ro w n in sho rt o rde r i f i t w e re no t fo r U.S. m ili ta r y m igh t. Even in the doub ly-censored d ispatches fro m Saigon the evidence is o ve rw h e lm in g th a t the D iem reg im e is loathed as fe w regim es in h is to ry have been.

Thus, fo r exam ple, correspondent Jaques N evard repo rted fro m Saigon in the J u ly 29 N. Y . T im es: “ The consensus here is th a t p o lit ic a l apa thy o r even h o s til ity on the p a rt o f la rge seg­m ents o f the p o p u la tio n to the Saigon reg im e continues to be the C om m un is ts ’ b iggest asset.” C om m enting on D ie m ’s a ttem pts, aided by the U.S. “ adv iso rs ,” to round up w ho le populaces o f v illages and d r iv e them in to “ s tra teg ic h a m le ts ” a fte r b u rn in g dow n th e ir homes, N evard observed: “ F o r the m ost p a rt in h a b ita n ts o f the s tra teg ic v illages have to be rounded up by the a rm y and re ­se ttled un d e r guard . I t is no secret th a t the w a lls p ro te c tin g the v illa g e s are designed as m uch to keep the residents in as to keep the V ie tcong o u t.”

P u litz e r P rize w in n e r H om er B ig a rt, w ho spent a h a lf-y e a r in V ie tn a m , w ro te on his re tu rn an extensive re p o rt in the J u ly 25 Tim es. A m ong o the r ghas tly events, he repo rted how even “ A m e r i­can m il i ta r y observers” w ere “ shocked” by the s igh t o f “ V ie tcong p risone rs su m m a rily shot” and “ the charred bodies o f w om en and ch ild re n in v illages destroyed by napa lm bom bs.” To escape such “ l ib e ra t io n ,” the Cuban people are p re p a rin g — w ith w h a te ve r aid th e y can get — to f ig h t to the death against any U.S. invasion .

Teachers Against InquisitionThe conven tion o f the A m e rica n F edera tion o f Teachers

(A F L -C IO ) , w h ic h concluded in D e tro it A ug . 24, passed a com ­m endab le re so lu tion on the question o f gove rnm en t in q u iry in to th e p o lit ic a l be lie fs o f teachers. The action g rew out o f discussion o f the case o f W e nde ll P h illip s , a w e ld in g in s tru c to r f ire d from his jo b a t F u lle rto n J r. C ollege las t D ecem ber unde r C a lifo rn ia ’s D ilw o r th A c t. In a h ea ring conducted un d e r the act, P h illip s acknow ledged past m em bersh ip in the C om m un is t P a rty and present m em bersh ip in the S oc ia lis t W orke rs P a rty b u t refused to in fo rm on h is associates, past o r present. The sub ject was b ro u g h t in to a conven tion com m ittee by a reso lu tion subm itted by the O range C oun ty , C a lifo rn ia A F T Loca l.

T he reso lu tion , as passed by the conven tion , reads: “ W here ­as, i t has been the p rac tice am ong some boards o f education to ca ll on teachers to in fo rm on th e ir colleagues as to th e ir p o lit ic a l be lie fs , and W hereas, such p ractices are c o n tra ry to basic dem o­c ra tic p r in c ip le s ; be i t

“ Resolved: th a t the A m erican F edera tion o f Teachers is s tro n g ­ly opposed to d ism issa l o r pena liza tion o f teachers w ho re fuse to in fo rm on the p o lit ic a l be lie fs o f th e ir colleagues, and be i t fu r th e r

“ Resolved: th a t the A m erican Federa tion o f Teachers oppose the excessive and undem ocra tic pow e r o f in q u iry in to the p riv a te a ffa irs o f teachers g iven to boards o f education by such law s as the D ilw o r th A c t o f C a lifo rn ia , and be i t fu r th e r

“ Resolved: th a t the execu tive C ounc il be au thorized to take steps e ith e r th ro u g h p ropos ing le g is la tio n o r su p p o rtin g co u rt ac tion to p re ve n t such p ractices.”

Is Unity of the Left Possible?B y F re d H a ls te a d

One o f the commonest questions heard fro m the m any young people now becom ing active in the ra d ­ica l m ovem ent is: “ W hy can’t a ll the socialists get together?” I t is a sensible question and deserves a s tra ig h tfo rw a rd answer. P robab ly m any o f those who ask i t were pleased by the appeal o f Com ­m un is t P a rty leader Gus H a ll to the recent conven tion o f the So­c ia lis t P a rty -S o c ia l D em ocratic Federation fo r com m on action by the CP and the SP-SDF. A nd , no doubt, they w ere dism ayed by the SP -SD F leaders’ c u rt re jec tion of H a ll’s request.

The statem ent o f re jec tion , signed by SP -S D F leaders Norm an Thomas, M ax Shachtm an and D a rlin g to n Hoopes, appeared in the June 29 New A m erica . I t a ttem pts to ju s t i fy its sectarian a ttitu d e on the grounds th a t the C om m unist P a rty has a poor record on the defense o f c iv i l libe rtie s . Says the statem ent: “ The S ocia lis t P a rtyhas been a consistent opponent of the S m ith and M cC arran A cts a l­though the A m erican C om m unist P a rty has applauded the use of the S m ith A c t against its p o litica l adversaries.”

C.P. Opposes S m ith ActIn a ll fa irness, i t should be

po inted ou t th a t since the C om ­m un is t P a rty its e lf became a d i­rec t v ic t im o f the S m ith Act, i t stopped app laud ing its use and even stated th a t i t had com m itted an e rro r in supporting its use against the leaders o f the Socia list W orkers P a rty and the M innea­po lis Team sters un ion in the 1940’s.

H ow ever, the Thom as-Shacht- m an-Hoopes a rgum ent is re a lly re ­vealed as phoney w hen its c r i­te rio n is applied to the Dem ocratic P arty , keeping in m ind th a t the same S P -S D F convention w h ich re jected Gus H a ll’s appeal adopted a po licy o f “ rea lig n m e n t” w o rk w ith in the D em ocratic P a rty — in c lu d in g support to D em ocratic P a rty candidates. (T h is action o f the SP-S D F conven tion was ana­lyzed in the J u ly 30 M ilita n t.)

The C om m unis t P a r ty ’s record on c iv i l libe rtie s leaves m uch to be desired, bu t the Dem ocratic P a rty has by fa r the w o rs t record on c iv i l libe rtie s o f any po litica l p a rty in the U.S. I t was the D em ­ocra tic P arty , under Roosevelt, w h ich f ir s t passed and used the S m ith A ct. The D em ocratic P a rty inaugura ted the c u rre n t w itc h ­h u n t against p o lit ic a l dissenters w ith T ru m a n ’s “ lo y a lty ” oath and “ subvers ive” lis t. The au thor of the M cC arran A c t was a Dem o­cra t, i t was passed by the D em ­ocra ts ’ support, and the cu rre n t persecutions o f the CP under both the S m ith and M cC arran Acts are be ing ca rried ou t by the Dem o­c ra tic P a rty leadersh ip and Dem o­c ra tic A tto rn e y General Robert Kennedy. (F o r reasons o f space, we m ust leave aside the t ru ly horrendous record o f the Dem o­c ra tic P a rty — as w e ll as the Re­pub lican — on c iv i l libe rtie s in the rest o f the w o rld , w h ich includes open m il ita ry a id to every to ta li­ta ria n d ic ta to rsh ip th a t w i l l he lp defend the r ig h t o f the ric h to m ake p ro fits .)

Devoid of LogicY et jo in in g and suppo rting th is

p a rty is now o ff ic ia l SP-SDF po licy w h ile the S P -S D F — proud o f its record on c iv i l lib e rtie s — refuses a proposal o f un ited action fro m the CP, c u rre n tly the m ain v ic t im o f the a ttack on c iv i l l ib e r ­ties.

There is no log ic in tha t. I t seems p a r tic u la r ly odd th a t the CP and the SP -S D F can’t get to ­ge ther fo r common action in v ie w o f the fac t th a t they both have the same dom estic p o lit ic a l line — “ rea lig nm e n t” w o rk w ith in the D em ocratic P a rty . Though here, the CP’s position o f suppo rting Dem ocrats — w h ich has been cha r­acterized as “ feeding the hand tha t bites you ” — also appears devoid o f logic.

Gus H a ll’s appeal, however,

N o rm a n T hom a s

raises the question o f un ited ac­tio n by radicals. We be lieve such common action is possible, neces­sary and desirab le on those po in ts regardless o f th e ir o ther d if fe r ­ences — w here rad ica ls do agree. F o r exam ple, v ir tu a lly a ll tenden­cies in the socia list m ovem ent now oppose the S m ith and M cC arran Acts and the use o f these laws against the c iv i l lib e rtie s o f the C om m unist P a rty . W hy then, shou ldn ’t there be jo in t action by a ll such forces in defense o f the C iv il lib e rtie s o f the C om m unist P arty? W ou ldn ’ t tha t increase the effectiveness o f the defense e f­forts?

Lesson of H is to ry

Jo in in g in such a common de­fense w ou ld not s ig n ify agreem ent w ith e ve ry th in g the C om m unist P a rly does o r ever d id . I t w ou ld s im p ly mean suppo rting its r ig h t to exist, to have a press, to express its p o in t o f v iew . W o u ld n ’t the e n tire rad ica l m ovem ent be be tte r o f f i f the attacks on these r ig h ts were defeated? Isn ’t i t a lesson o f h is to ry — p a r tic u la r ly o f the rise o f fascism — tha t a reactionary a ttack against one p a rt o f the so­c ia lis t m ovem ent is an attack against a ll pa rts o f it , and th a t a

B e rtran d Russell, the noted B r it is h ph ilosopher, has done a service in c a llin g a tten tion , in a le tte r w h ich appeared in the Aug. 30 New Y o rk T im es, to the case o f Don M a rtin , a 21-ye a r-o ld s tu ­dent w ho is now serv ing a s ix - year sentence in a federa l prison in A sh land, K y ., fo r his p a rt in a dem onstra tion against nuclear arm am ents.

M a rtin , a p a rtic ip a n t in the P o la ris A c tio n protests in Connec­ticu t, was arrested when he and a num ber o f o ther pac ifis ts a ttem - ted to board a nuclear arm ed sub­m arine a t New London. The Coast G uard , ir r ita te d by repeated en­counters w ith dem onstra tors, re ­surrected an old W o rld W ar I la w designed to p reven t espionage and res tric ted the w a te r o f the Thames R iv e r in N ew London fo r about a m ile around the launch ing site.

In the f irs t c r im in a l prosecu­tions a ris ing out o f the P o laris A c tion protests, M a rt in and e igh t others were charged w ith en te ring a res tric ted area, a c rim e c a rry in g a m ax im um sentence o f ten years in prison. Since he and another dem onstra to r had reached the subm arine, they were also charged w ith touch ing governm ent p ro p ­e rty , w ith a m ax im um sentence o f one year.

M a rtin , an anarch ist, refused to cooperate w ith the a u tho ritie s at h is t r ia l, w h ich sing led h im ou t fo r special trea tm ent. W h ile most o f the others arrested w ith h im fo r the same offense received sus­pended sentences, w ith o n ly 60 or

un ited defense is the o n ly e ffec tive defense?

There are m any o the r m atters of com m on in te res t on w h ich we be lieve the re can and shou ld be un ited action, in c lu d in g the f ig h t fo r c iv i l righ ts , opposing the cold w a r and m eeting the a ttacks o f the u ltra r ig h t. T he Socia lis t W orkers P a rty proposes such u n it ­ed action on po in ts o f common agreem ent and i t practices it .

F o r exam ple on the M cC arran A ct, last Decem ber F a rre ll Dobbs, na tiona l secre tary o f the S oc ia lis t W orkers P a rty , sent a le tte r to the leaders o f the C om m unis t P a rty w h ich said in p a rt: “ You are w e l­come to use ou r m eeting ha lls eve ryw here in the coun try . W e hereby extend a stand ing in v ita ­tio n to y o u r speakers to address o u r m eetings and p u b lic fo rum s to exp la in y o u r case. We are p re ­pared to he lp b u ild the broadest possible m ovem ent in defense o f the dem ocra tic r ig h ts o f the Com ­m un is t P arty , a defense m ovem ent based on the g reat A m erican labo r tra d it io n th a t an in ju ry to one is an in ju ry to a ll. ”

Som ething to LearnWe also be lieve the lines o f com ­

m un ica tion am ong the va rious ra d ­ica l tendencies should be kep t open th rough forum s, sym posium s, de­bates, personal con tact and so on. A l l o f us have som eth ing to learn fro m such discussions and, o f course, the existence o f common ac tiv itie s on po in ts o f agreem ent w ou ld he lp m ake discussion m ore f r u it fu l.

O rgan iza tiona l u n ity , however, is a m ore d i f f ic u lt m atter. F o r a ll the socialists to u n ite in the same p a rty w o u ld re q u ire considerab ly m ore agreem ent on basic po litica l line than ex is ts a t present. T o be f r u it fu l, in ou r op in ion , i t w ou ld a t least req u ire agreem ent on the question o f independent p o lit ic a l action, on the socia lis t m ovem ent presen ting a un ited f ro n t against the ca p ita lis t parties.

B u t the question about the de­s ira b il ity o f a ll socia lists ge ttin g together is a v a lid one, and the answ er is: “ On the m any po in ts w here they agree, they can and should w o rk together."

90 days in ja il, M a rt in was sen­tenced J u ly 19, 1961 under the “ Y ou th A c t,” w h ich placed h im in the custody o f the A tto rn e y G en­era l fo r an in de te rm ina te pe riod up to s ix years.

M a rtin became e lig ib le fo r pa­ro le a fte r se rv ing fo u r m onths; however, he has now been in prison fo r over a year w ith no in d ica tio n th a t a parole m ay be fo rthcom ing . A le tte r fro m C laude S. Nock, Y ou th D iv is io n Execu­tiv e o f the U.S. Board o f Paro le, p r in te d in the J u ly 28, 1962 Peace­m aker, ind ica ted th a t in h is o p in ­ion M a rt in could no t be paroled since, be ing an anarch ist, there was no guarantee th a t he w o u ld “ liv e and rem a in a t lib e r ty w ith ­out v io la tin g the law s.”

B e rtran d R ussell’s le tte r con­cern ing the case reads in p a rt: “ I am often to ld th a t A m ericans have a h igh op in ion o f m y a t­tem pts to arouse people to an awareness o f the im m in e n t danger o f nuc lear a n n ih ila tio n . I f th is is in fact the case, then perhaps A m ericans w i l l jo in me in con­dem ning the sentence o f s ix years’ im p rison m en t imposed on a 21- y e a r-o ld s tuden t because o f his p a rtic ip a tio n in a dem onstra tion o f c iv i l disobedience in y o u r coun­try . I shou’d lik e to rem ind you th a t i f I w ere an A m erican I should on ly do e xa c tly as he has done and I should do i t o ften . . . I hope th a t Don M a rt in w i l l be released, ha v in g served one year, and tha t you w i l l f in d another w ay o f saving conscience i f no t face.”

Bertrand Russell Seeks Release of U.S. Pacifist

M onday, Septem ber 17, 1962 T H E M IL IT A N T Page F ive

W ill Fight Ban, Says British Youth Editor[T h e author is the ed itor of the C anad ian socialist new spaper, TheW orkers V an gu ard ]

LO N D O N — I p icked up a copy o f the e igh t-page tab lo id Keep L e ft. A M r. L en W illiam s , general secre tary o f the massive B r it is h L a b o u r P arty , has declared tha t se lling it , w r it in g fo r i t o r h e lp ­ing in any o f its a c tiv itie s w i l l re ­s u lt in expu ls ion fro m m em ber­sh ip in the La bo ur P a rty . I found the address o f the ed ito r, Roger P rotz, on the back page and w ent out to see h im at his home in N o rth London. He tu rned out to be q u ite young — 23 years old, ta ll, th in , o f serious bearing, ready sm ile and pleased to meet a Ca­nadian socialist.

Roger to ld me tha t he has been active in the f ig h t to w in the

N T H E M I L I T A N T 10 Y E A R S A G O

F a rre ll Dobbs declared: “ I am ru n n in g against them (A d la i Stevenson and D w ig h t D. E isen­h o w e r] on the S oc ia lis t W orkers P a rty t ic k e t as an uncom prom is­in g opponent o f U.S. in te rve n tio n in Korea. I opposed the Korean w a r fro m the s tart. I f elected P resident, I w ou ld o rd e r the im ­m edia te w ith d ra w a l o f a ll U.S. arm ed forces fro m Korea.

“ D em ocrat Stevenson p ro ­cla im ed on Sept. 10 th a t he is ‘p ro u d ’ th a t U.S. arm ed m ig h t has been sent in to a fo re ign land 6,000 m iles aw ay to b las t and bu rn tha t cou n try in to ru b b le and b rin g m illio n s o f its people the ‘ lib e ra ­t io n ’ o f death . . . .

“ E isenhow er a ttr ib u te s the K o ­rean w a r to the ‘re a lly te rr ib le b lunders ’ o f the T rum an ad m in is ­tra tio n . T h a t is h in d s ig h t be­queathed the G eneral the m om ent he was nom inated. B u t he made c lear on Aug. 22 th a t once T ru ­m an com m itted th is cou n try to w a r in Korea — by w hateve r un con s titu tion a l means and fo r w h a teve r ly in g reason — then ‘how you could stay ou t o f the th in g , I don’t kn o w .’ W e ll, I know ‘how you could stay ou t o f the th in g .’ I be lieve th a t i t was a crim e to in te rvene in K orea in the f ir s t place and a s t i l l worse crim e to stay.

“ T h e re ’s a s im ple w ay to stop this c rim in a l adventure: G et out of there. P u ll the troops out at once. B rin g them back home now .” — Sept. 15, 1952.

2 0 Y E A R S A G O“ The inhum an trea tm en t o f the

Jews by the Nazis has served also to test the pretensions to hu m a n ity o f the dem ocra tic ca p ita lis t lands. The ta le o f the reaction o f the dem ocra tic ca p ita lis t governm ents to fascist an ti-S em itism is one of the w o rs t k in d o f hypocrisy . They have paid l ip service to dem oc­racy, bu t th is d id and does not p reven t the most callous in d if fe r ­ence to the fa te o f the Jews . . .

“ The U n ited States, once po pu la t­ed by those escaping fro m ty ­ran n ica l persecution in Europe, has shown the same h yp o c ritic a l a ttitu d e as the B r it is h . The w hole m ach ine ry o f governm ent, from State D epa rtm en t to fo re ign con­su la r o ffic ia ls , was set in to m otion b u t fo r a s ingle purpose: to keep the Jews out. O n ly the th innest t r ic k le was pe rm itte d past the m ounta inous b a rr ie r o f red tape erected as a w a ll against the Jews. O n ly foo ls can take com fo rt in the em pty pro test o f the Roose­ve lts and H u lls . . . .

“ [V ic h y ite French P re m ie r] La va l p ro m p tly re to rted th a t he w ou ld g lad ly send a ll those to be de po rt­ed to the U.S., i f th is cou n try w ou ld take them . Had the Roose­v e lt governm ent been re a lly con­cerned about the fa te o f the J e w ­ish refugees, it w o u ld have eager­ly seized on th is s tatem ent by L a va l. I ts answer w o u ld have been: ‘Yes, we w i l l rece ive them. Send the refugees here a t once.’ ” — Sept. 19, 1942.

B r it is h w o rke rs to The support of the fundam enta l po lic ies o f the La bo u r P a rty and the estab lish­m ent o f a L a b o u r governm ent fo r three years now — ever since he fin ished his s t in t in the arm y. H a v ing w o rked in the f ie ld o f jo u rn a lis m since he le ft school at 16, he ra p id ly moved in to th is area in the p a rty w here he became e d ito r o f New Advance, the o f­f ic ia l organ o f the La bo ur P a rty you th organ iza tion , the Y oung Socialists.

Run In w ith the Brass

Roger’s recent ru n - in w ith the La bo ur P a rty brass isn ’t h is f irs t. W ith a s lig h t sm ile he to ld me th a t “ in A p r i l 1961 they sacked me as e d ito r o f New Advance .” The na tiona l leadersh ip o f the p a rty could do th is because they and not the you th con tro lled the paper and they were opposed to the paper unde r his ed ito rsh ip , he exp la ined, cam paign ing fo r le f t - w in g policies, fo r u n ila te ra lism , fo r po lic ies a c tu a lly adopted by the Y oung Socialists convention . B u t th is tim e they cou ld n ’t silence h im by d e p riv in g h im o f his jo b because Roger became ed ito r of Keep L e ft, a paper based on ra n k - a n d -file support w ith a record o f alm ost eleven years’ cam paign ing fo r socia lism amongst B r it is h you th . W hat they d id th is tim e was to “ p roscribe " — a B r it is h w o rd fo r “ ban” — Keep L e ft. In o ther words, beware i f you ’re seen read ing it ! A nd i f you associate you rse lf w ith i t in any fo rm a l w ay — ou t o f the p a rty you go!

I t was La bo ur P a rty head Hugh G a its k e ll’s George B row n and his O rgan iza tion S ub-C om m ittee — w ho so com prom ised the La bo ur P a rty in the p u b lic ’s eyes by its recent a ttem p t to d r iv e in te rn a ­tio n a lly -fa m e d B e rtran d Russell fro m the p a rty — th a t d id the job on Keep L e ft.

“ Ind ecen t H aste’

T a k in g th e ir cue from a press re p o rt o f B ro w n ’s action, “ w ith indecent haste” as Roger p u t it, the executive o f the St. Pancras N o rth L a bo u r P a rty hauled h im on the m at and demanded th a t he state w h e the r he was go ing to con­tin u e to associate h im se lf w ith Keep L e ft. “ A t th a t t im e ,” Roger to ld me, “ I w asn’t sure w he the r I w o u ld o r no t — w h e the r Keep L e ft cou ld su rv ive p ro sc rip tio n .” B u t no m a tte r. He was expelled on the grounds th a t he was “ u n ­w ill in g to state w he the r or not he w o u ld con tinue to ed it Keep L e ft.”

“ I have since w r itte n to the general secre tary o f the p a rty , fo r the r ig h t o f appeal to the na tiona l executive com m ittee and I have been granted it , ” he said. W hat w i l l be the outcome? Roger is not too sure.

There has been a trem endous reaction th rough the La bo u r P a rty , th rough the constituency parties and the un ions against the h ig h ­handed actions o f the top leader­ship, th e ir con tinued in te rven tion , and th e ir fru s tra t io n o f dem ocracy in the Y oung Socialists. T h is w i l l be one of the b ig issues at the com ing p a rty conference.

T h is action against Keep L e ft isn ’t the f ir s t and is p a rt o f a w ho le series o f in te rven tions in the you th m ovem ent. A f te r the f ir s t a ttack, s lig h tly less than tw o years ago, Roger to ld me, Keep L e ft boomed — doub ling its c ir ­cu la tion fro m 5,000 to 10,000. Some 50 you th clubs were sponsors o f i t at the tim e o f the ban. The policies advocated by Keep L e ft were by and large those adopted by the na tiona l conferences.

T h e Y o uth Is L e ft“ The leadership, w h ich has been

fla g ra n tly v io la t in g o ff ic ia l p a rty po licy , is te r r ib ly w o rr ie d about the you th . The you th is le ft and it is g ro w in g ,” he said earnestly. " I t is in terested in f ig h tin g fo r a m il ita n t and socia lis t po licy and the leadersh ip is f in d in g it d i f f ic u lt to con tro l. In m any areas the g ro w th o f the you th m ovem ent has

given the a d u lt pa rty a l i f t , th rough its re a c tiva tin g m any who had been dem oralized, s it t in g on th e ir hands, fo r years.”

“ The leadership w ants a you th m ovem ent, bu t one th a t w i l l sup­p ly lea fle t d is tr ib u to rs , tha t be­tw een elections w i l l rem a in pas­sive. B u t th a t isn ’t the character of the you th . T w ice before, the p a rty leadership has smashed the you th m ovem ent. B u t th a t isn ’ t in the cards now . The you th m ove­m ent, despite the fac t tha t i t is s t i l l la rg e ly w h ite -c o lla r (except fo r M ersey-side and some areas in Scotland w here i t has a mass base and is w o rk ing -c la ss ) and has ve ry l i t t le autonom y, is com ­posed o f some 750 branches. A nd i t is m oving le ft, as the last tw o conferences so e loquen tly te s tify .”

The last you th conference e lect­ed a le ft-w in g na tiona l com m it­tee. Since th a t conference last spring , the La bo ur P a r ty ’s NEC (na tio n a l executive com m ittee) in te rvened to suspend fo u r m em ­bers o f the Y oung Socia lists na ­

tion a l com m ittee , thus w ith its own tw o (p ro -G a its k e ll) m embers on the you th com m ittee , au to ­c ra tic a lly assuring its con tro l o f the Young Socialists na tiona l com ­m ittee . A f te r i t proscribed Keep L e ft, the NEC suggested i t was going to proscribe another so­c ia lis t you th paper ca lled Young G uard.

W hile they haven ’t proscribed Young G uard , it has been fo rb id ­den to ca ll ra llie s , encam pm ents, etc., and has been res tric ted to be ing m ere ly a p la tfo rm fo r d is ­cussion. Young G u ard took a v igorous stand in opposition to the p ro sc rip tio n o f Keep Le ft.

‘K eep L e ft ’ W ill ContinueW hat o f the fu tu re ? Roger is

ce rta in tha t he w i l l be re instated in the pa rty , and tha t the ban w i l l be lifte d . Just when, he is not sure. One th in g fo r sure, he said, p o in tin g to the head line in the last issue, “ Keep L e ft is go ing to f ig h t on, is go ing to keep com ing out. W e’ve had to w ith d ra w the lis t of sponsoring c lubs as a fo rm o f

p ro tection . O ur supporters have e n thus ias tica lly and de te rm in ed ly ra llie d to o u r side and continued pu b lica tio n is assured.”

Roger sees G a itske ll & Co.’s ac­tions no t as signs o f streng th bu t q u ite the opposite. They are signs o f th e ir weakness and o n ly prove th a t a sustained d riv e fo r a m i l i ­ta n t and socia lis t po licy in the Labour P a rty and the unions w i l l resu lt in G a itske ll & Co.’s u tte r route.

The you th in B r ita in , he to ld me, are m oving fo rw a rd . They are being stim u la ted by the f ig h t against nuclear arm s; they are th in k in g about the ris in g racism , the fascist ac tiv itie s and w h a t’s to be done about the increasing th rea t o f redundancy (u n em p loy ­m en t caused by a u to m a tio n ).

A nd w ith th a t I had to break the in te rv ie w o f f as I knew the V anguard dead line was on us. We are certa in to be hearing m uch m ore from Roger P rotz, Keep L e ft and the B r it is h you th organized in the Y oung Socialists.

Let Sen. Smathers LeadSandusky, O hio

Three o f the d is tinguished m em ­bers o f the U.S. Senate yesterday b lew th e ir tops about the “ so- ca lled ” S oviet b u ild -u p o f arms in Cuba.

Senator Sm athers demanded tha t the U.S. send an invasion force in to Cuba a t once and “ shoot the Com m unists ou t.”

I suggest th a t Sen. Sm athers lead th is foo lh a rd y exped ition .

A l l the Cuban people w an t is peace and a be tte r and decent standard o f liv in g and i f the A m erican people on ly knew the w ho le tru th th a t is ju s t w h a t the Cuban people w ou ld have.

I f the U.S. governm ent sends an invasion force in to Cuba the resu lts of th is ig no ran t action w i l l be W orld W ar I I I and i t w i l l a f­fec t every man, wom an and ch ild on the face o f ou r planet.

R .W .

Labor Day ParadeD e tro it, M ich .

D e tro it ’s tra d itio n a l La bo r Day parade h it a new low th is year. In past years D e tro ite rs lined the dow n tow n s idew alks to en joy the spectacle o f m archers, bands, ba- to n -tw ir le rs and floa ts. F ly in g Squadrons and un ion men have marched dow n the center o f W ood­w a rd A venue as an e lem entary sign o f un ion p ride and strength. B ut, each year has seen a cu t-ba ck in the spectacle va lue o f the parade and, above a ll, each year has b ro ug h t a cu t-ba ck in the use o f the parade to bu ild un ion prestige and confidence. The labo r leader­ship has been tu rn in g the parade in to a D em ocratic P a rty ra l ly — th is year i t was alm ost e n tire ly a p o lit ic a l r a l ly and v e ry ra re ly d id any o f the o ld un ion s p ir it shine through .

T h is year the parade rou te was sw itched aw ay fro m dow n tow n D e tro it to a po in t seven m iles up W oodw ard A venue near the State F a ir. Newspaper a rtic les an­nounced beforehand th a t there w o u ld be no floats. The union leaders succeeded in th e ir aim : the w ho le parade was tu rned in to an excuse to gather a c row d to ­ge ther to hear Dem ocratic p o lit i­cians speak th e ir pieces. T h e ir ve ry success in focusing the parade on the D em ocratic P a rty proved th e ir undo ing. The crowds stayed aw ay in droves. The labo r leaders and th e ir D em ocratic buddies ended up ta lk in g to each o ther and ve ry few others.

There w ere some liv e ly aspects to the parade, however. The H ote l and R estaurant W orkers m arched fo r the f ir s t tim e in a t least 6-7 years. T h is un ion has been w ag­in g some sp ir ite d s trikes recen tly

in the D e tro it area and th e ir p ic k e t- lin e m ilita n c y was trans ­fe rre d to the parade. F ive unions ca rried signs fu rn ished by the C om m ittee to A id the M onroe De­fendants. F o rd Local 600 carried some peace signs and the D e tro it W om en fo r Peace d is tr ib u te d lea fle ts p ro testing nuc lear tests.

The o ve rw h e lm ing cha racter o f the parade as a p o lit ic a l ra l ly c rip p le d any use o f the parade to pro test against m iserable w o rk in g cond itions in the plants, to demand action on the never-so lved p ro b ­lem o f la rge num bers o f unem ­ployed and to challenge the m a jo r p o lit ic a l parties w ith la b o r’s p ro ­gram fo r jobs, economic secu rity and p o lit ic a l power.

E ve lyn Sell

Recommended ReadingD e tro it, M ich .

E a rlie r th is year, w hen a Nash- v ille -to -W a s h in g to n W a lk fo r Peace was organized, one o f the problem s considered by the p a r­tic ip an ts was w h e the r o r no t to inc lude Negro m archers — tha t is, to “ com p lica te ” the ho pe d -fo r re ­sponse to th e ir p a c if is t propaganda by in tro d u c in g in any w a y the question o f c iv i l r ig h ts (w h ich arises in the South w henever w h ites and Negroes w o rk o r f ig h t together.)

W hat was decided and w ha t happened on the m arch m ake a th r i l l in g story. Everyone in te res t­ed in such questions should read B arbara D em ing ’s exce llen t a r­tic le , “ T w o Issues or One?” in the J u ly -A u g u s t issue o f L ib e ra tio n (40c.; Room 1029, 5 Beekm an St., New Y o rk 38, N .Y .).

George B re itm an

Thalidomide VictimsNew Y o rk

I th in k you should be co m p li­m ented fo r hav ing been the f ir s t U.S. newspaper to c a rry the th a li­dom ide s to ry ( “ Babies W ith D e­fo rm ed L im b s ,” The M il ita n t , M ay 21). A nd I have o ften though t since th a t M rs. F in k b in e m ig h t have been spared her trag ic ordea l had she read y o u r a rtic le , since i t was not u n t il J u ly 15 th a t the s to ry appeared in a m a jo r da ily .

N o th in g could be m ore sord id no r a grea te r in d ic tm e n t o f m ed i­cine under the p ro fit system than the h is to ry o f the M e rre ll C om ­pany ’s e ffo rts to place th is drug (un de r the nam e o f K evadon) on the U.S. m arke t. Despite the fact th a t a ll th rough 1961 in va rious fo re ign countries tha lid om id e was

“ im p lica ted in the b ir th o f tho u ­sands o f arm less, legless, earless and o therw ise m a lfo rm ed babies (some m ere cocoons o f flesh w ith heads a tta ch e d ),” the M e rre ll Com pany kep t badgering D r. K e l­sey to approve its ap p lica tio n to m arke t the d ru g here. I t was not u n t il fo u r m onths a fte r the d rug was o f f ic ia lly w ith d ra w n fro m sale in G erm any th a t M e rre ll w ith d re w its app lica tion fo r sale in the U n ited States. A nd i t took another tw o m onths before M e r­re ll began to round up w h a t re ­m ained o f the p ills in doc to r’s o f­fices th rou gh ou t the cou n try .

U n fo rtu n a te ly , th is is no t the end o f the tha lid om id e story. Be­cause of the trem endous quan tities d is tr ib u te d (2,100,000,000 m i l l i ­gram s o f tha lid om id e had been p u t in to the hands o f doctors) and because o f its w idespread d if fu s - sion (doctors gave i t to o the r doc­to rs and to drugstores as w e ll as to pa tien ts, m any o f w hom , un ­aw are th a t i t was an exp e rim e n ta l p i ll, gave i t to th e ir fr ien ds — a fte r a ll, i t was on ly a s le e p -in - ducer and an an tido te fo r m o rn ing sickness in p regnancy), q u a lifie d experts be lieve tha t, between now and Easter a t the latest, 30 to 40 m a lfo rm ed c h ild re n m ay be born in th is cou n try o f wom en w ho took tha lidom ide .

These babies and th e ir parents w i l l jo in the countless o th e r v ic ­tim s o f our insane economic sys­tem.

R.S.

Television VulgarityC leveland, O h io

There is increasing com p la in t, as headed by a be tte r few , respect­ing the v u lg a r ity o f e x is ting te le v i­sion program s. These honest fa u lt ­finders, however, do no t seem to kno w th a t present te lev is ion p ro ­gram s are posed m ostly fo r the “ b e n e fit” o f the p ro le ta ria n herd who patron ize these program s — they being the ch ie f consumers o f the n ico tine , alcohol, asp ir in and o ther in u t il ic s tu ff advertised by the program s. The “ e lite ” classes do no t s it be fore these s ig h t-a n d - no ise -m aking boxes, bu t reside in rea r as sponsors o f the program s, the reby e x p lo it in g the g u llib le in fro n t fo r p r iva te p ro fit. R egre t­fu lly , the re is now no sign th a t these program s m ig h t be im proved , unless perhaps in tim e and the adven t o f a new sponsoring class w h ich w ou ld destroy the present h o rro r o f ou r t im e and in s titu te a be tte r in its place.

Joseph M an le t

Thought fo r the Week“ Once we had the land and they had the B ib le . N ow we have the

B ib le and they have the land .” — A fr ic a n saying abou t w h ite m is ­sionaries.

Page S ix T H E M IL IT A N T M onday, S eptem ber 17, 1962

B y G a d flyM E X IC O — I t is seldom th a t I

l ik e to le t another person te ll h is ow n s to ry , bu t fo r tw o days I have ta lke d to a serious young m an fro m Peru, and I do no t th in k th a t I could te ll h is s to ry as w e ll as he to ld i t to me. Juan Santos, the P e ru v ia n fr ie n d , is 26 years old, and a t th is y o u th fu l age when m ost Am ericans are th in k in g of the fu tu re (dub ious perhaps) he bears scars fro m gunshots, kn ives, clubs, and the fists o f the go ve rn ­m en t o f Peru. He is in M exico en ro u te to his coun try , even though he is ce rta in to be ja ile d , and p e r­haps pu t to death by the arm y. He is go ing to jo in the Ind ians in Peru w ho are beg inn ing to mass in the m ounta ins to r id th e ir cou n try of the m urde r, pestilence, and op ­pression th a t e x is t d a ily fo r them. B u t le t Juan te l l h is ow n story:

“ I w ish th a t the tears in m y h e a rt could tu rn to stones and ra in dow n upon the oppressors o f th is w o rld , and r id us o f the m isery th a t I have seen, and o f w h ich I w a n t t o te l l you. I know th a t you are p roud th a t you are an A m e r­ican, and you should be. B u t you have been shamed, and betrayed b y those people w ho invest in fo r ­eign lands.

W h a t D o lla r Means

“ W hen we, the people o f South A m erica , speak o f A m erican d o l­la rs, we speak o f the m u rd e r o f help less men, w om en and ch ild ren , o f w o rk th a t pe rm its no home life , and o f disease th a t w ipes ou t pop­u la tio n s as you w ip e ou t flie s w ith D D T. I w a n t to te ll you o f the rea l m eaning o f the e xp lo ita tio n o f im ­p e ria lis ts o f the U n ited States, and the practice o f y o u r governm ent in p ro te c ting th e ir stolen goods.

“ The area o f m y land is 1,280,000 square k ilom ete rs , and the popu la ­t io n is 12,400,000. Seven m il lio n of the people are Ind ians, and the Ind ians do no t speak Spanish. The o ff ic ia l language o f m y cou n try is Spanish. The na tion a l re lig io n is C atholic. M y c o u n try is d iv ided in to th ree regions, the coast, ju n ­gle, and the m ounta ins. I t is a cou n try r ic h in s ilve r, gold, m er­cu ry , t in , vanad ium , copper, lead, and iro n . There is m uch o il, m any c a ttle ranches, and o the r types of a g ricu ltu re .

“ The land o f m y cou n try is rich , b u t the people are s ta rv ing . M y people w o rk the land, feed the cat­tle , and die in the m ines, b u t they do no t b e ne fit fro m th e ir labors. O u r m ines, o u r lands, ou r ca ttle

Just O utB o u n d V o lu m e o f

T h e M ilita n t — 1961

P rice $6.00 Please inc lude paym en t w ith

a ll orders O rde r fro m :

T h e M ilita n t , 116 U n iv e rs ity Place, N e w Y o rk 3, N . Y .

Jhc tRswolulion VYhiài ß c a SxJwßl

lAnfsdJtsLhßd Jhowyhi

A speech by

FIDEL CASTRO

16 pages 15 cents

PIONEER PUBLISHERS

116 University PI.,

New York 3, N . Y.

belong to Am ericans. C erro de Pasco Copper Co., S outhern Cop­per o f Peru, G race Co., Vanad ium Corp., In te rn a tio n a l P etro leum Co., V u lca in M ines, C a rtav io Ranch, Pomalca Ranch, C a ya lti Ranch, Casa G rande Ranch, U d im a Ranch, Laredo Ranch, Tum an Ranch, Pa- ram onga Ranch, are engaged in the p roduc tion o f sugar, rum , pa­per, rice, ca ttle , o il, gold, copper, and o ther m inera ls. They are a ll A m erican owned. F o rty fam ilies ow n the land, the mines, and run the governm ent.

“ W hen y o u r A m erican business­m en came to Peru, they prom ised the governm ent and the people th a t they came to colonize the ju n ­gles, and to create jobs fo r a ll o f the people o f Peru. They moved in to our jung les, stole the wood, w e n t in to ou r m ounta ins and stole the m inera ls , and there is no t one co lony th a t they have b u ilt . A nd unem p loym ent among the peasants and the people w ho liv e in ' the c ities w ou ld stagger y o u r im ag ina ­tion . Can you im agine one th ird o f y o u r people pe rm an en tly u n ­em ployed? B u t the unem ployed are no t the m ost un lucky .

“ T here is no t one la w to pro tect the m in in g w o rke rs o f m y coun try . The sa la ry is 60 cents per day, and the average li fe o f a w o rk e r in the m ines is tw o years. A f te r tw o years, the w o rke rs d ie o f s ilicosis and lead and zinc poisoning. Y o u r Y anqu i exp lo ite rs have m a in ta ined a feuda l system in m y coun try , and when land is sold, the people w ho w o rk the land are trans fe rre d as p a rt o f the contract. The people a rc passed fro m one ow ne r to an­o ther lik e a piece o f p rope rty . A nd when, occasionally, the people go to the ow ne r o r the po lice to c la im land th a t was once le g a lly the irs , the people are k ille d , o u trig h t. The im p e ria lis t ow ners o f the land are g iven false tit le s to the land , some da ting back to the Spaniards who exp lo ited us before you did.

“ The P eruv ian A rm y is com ­posed o f assault troops no d if fe r ­ent from the S torm Troopers of

the Nazis. They have a fascist fo r ­m ation , and move against m y peo­ple a t the suggestion o f th e ir mas­ters, the N o rth A m erican im p e ria l­ists. In 1932, the governm ent o f P resident Sanchez C erro m urdered e igh t thousand people in T ru ji l lo , N o rth Peru. In 1951 countless n u m ­bers o f m y people were destroyed w hen they attem pted to dem ­onstrate, peace fu lly , against the con tinued unem ploym ent, and the oppression. They beat us w ith th e ir fis ts, clubs, shot us, castrated us, and com m itted v io la tio ns against men, wom en and ch ild re n th a t I w o u ld be ashamed to te ll about. T hey are m ost c rue l and sadistic w ith the people.

“ W hen we th in k o f the A m erican people, we rem em ber W ashington, Jefferson, and L in co ln , and we do no t fo rge t th a t i t was in you r cou n try th a t dem ocracy was f ir s t tr ie d . A n d we rem em ber the jo y w ith w h ich we welcom ed A m e r i­cans to ou r coun try , because we tho ugh t th a t now, we w o u ld taste the dem ocracy th a t you en joy. B u t w e see the actions o f y o u r go ve rn ­m ent, and o f the A m erican im ­pe ria lis ts , and w e kno w th a t there is a doub le standard of dem ocracy th a t is practiced . A n d we organize, and fo rge t abou t y o u r A llia n ce fo r Progress, and y o u r un kep t p ro m ­ises, and we hope to r id ourselves o f the m urder, pestilence, and op­pression tha t has been practiced upon us by ou r N o rth e rn ne ighbor, w hen we have gained the streng th to break the chains w h ich you have forged fo r us.”

[G a d fly is the pseudonym o f an A m erican w r i te r who has spent the past s ix m onths in L a tin A m erica ga thering m a te ria l fo r a book o f in te rv ie w s .]

Reported in the Press

“ The press is the h ired agent o f a m onied system, and set up fo r no o ther purpose than to te ll lies w here the in terests are in ­vo lved . One can tru s t nobody and n o th in g .” — H e n ry Adam s (1838- 1918).

A n other “ K id n a p ” F ram e-u p ? —In Ca iro, I l l ., scene o f a desegrega­tion ba ttle led by the S tudent Non V io le n t C o -o rd in a tin g Com ­m ittee, a M ax Jordan has b rough t a k id na pp ing co m p la in t against a Negro cab d r iv e r, who, he alleges, took h im in to a Negro chu rch at gun po in t fo r question ing. The chu rch had received a bom b th rea t about an ho u r before the alleged in c iden t and m em bers o f the congregation were gu a rd ing it. Jo rdan was released a fte r being in te rroga ted in the church. Lou is Nelson, the cab d r iv e r, was a rre s t­ed on Jo rd an ’s com p la in t and ba il set at $5,000.

Hippocrates, a Creeping Social­ist? — The A m erican M edica l A s­sociation and the F B I are rum ored to be research ing the background o f H ippocrates, the ancient fou nd ­er o f the science o f m ed icine whose “ oa th ” is taken by a ll A m erican physicians. Suspicion about th is H ippocrates is said to have s ta rt­ed w hen i t was discovered he had w r it te n the fo llo w in g : “ A nd i fthe re is an o p p o rtu n ity o f serv ing one w ho is a s tranger in fin a n c ia l s tra its , g ive fu l l assistance to a ll such, fo r w here there is love of m an the re is also love o f a r t . ” The F B I investiga to rs have a l­ready established th a t th is H ip ­pocrates was a fo re igner.

C ynic — “ A W ash ing ton ian who tra ile d E dw ard M . Kennedy, the pres ident’s b ro the r, on the cam ­pa ign road in Massachusetts last week reports the fo llo w in g com ­m ent by a b u r ly Ir is h w o rkm an in a fa c to ry v is ite d by the can­d ida te : ‘Ted, me boy, I understand y ou ’ve never w o rked a day in y o u r life . You haven ’t missed a th in g .’ ” — New Y o rk Times, Sep­tem ber 3.

Gee, T hanks — “ The spokesman [ fo r West G erm any ’s Federa l H ea lth M in is try ] denied th a t the governm ent bore any resp o n s ib ili­ty in the tha lid om id e a ffa ir. P a r­ents o f de form ed babies cannot c la im re s titu tio n fro m the govern­m ent, he said, since the D ru g A c t d id no t e x is t w hen tha lidom ide was pu t on the m arke t. H owever,

he said, the state w ou ld assist parents o f de form ed babies in w ha teve r w ay possib le.” — Aug. 29 dispatch from Bonn.

H orrors! — “ Take l i t t le tots, th ro w them together and le t them g row up together and they w ou ld never know the d iffe rence . You w o u ld have in te rm a rria g e .” B. B lan ton H a nb ury , V irg in ia segre­g a tion is t leader, e x p la in in g w h y P rince E dw ard C oun ty has closed a ll its schools to avo id com p ly ­ing w ith a federa l cou rt o rd e r to desegregate.

A n d A Real H o rro r — Some 1.500 Negro ch ild re n in P rince Ed­w a rd C ounty, Va., have been w ith ­ou t schooling since Septem ber 1959. In the w ords o f the Rev. L . F rancis G r if f in , a Negro leader, “ There are te n -y e a r-o ld boys and g ir ls here w ho have never been inside a school room , w ho can’t read o r w r ite .”

Som ething N e w — The a n t i­desegregation forces in Edenton, N.Y., have been in a deadlock w ith the racists since p icke tin g began in F eb ru a ry 1961 a t the m ovie, where Negroes have to en te r by an a lle y and s it on ly in the b a l­cony. In F e b ru a ry 1962, G olden F rinks , leader o f the strugg le was beaten and arrested by po lice at the theater. A boyco tt o f do w n­tow n stores developed and is said to be 70 per cent e ffec tive . A d rug -s to re s it - in b ro u g h t the a r­rest o f F r in k s and fo u r students. B u t students were successful in w h a t they be lieve was the f ir s t “ w a s h -in ” in h is to ry w hen they in tegra ted a laundrom at.

O r to K eep People in? — “ Onthe cen tra l p la teau [o f South V ie t­n a m ], D av id N u ttle , a c iv ilia n a t­tached to the U.S. Special Forces, is exp e rim e n tin g w ith a poisonous shrub ca lled kpung. Its leaves have nettles th a t cause e xc ru c ia t­ing pa in th a t lasts a week. M r. N u tt le proposes a double bo rde r o f kp ung a round s tra teg ic ham ­lets to keep the V ie tcong ou t.” — C orrespondent H om er B ig a r t in J u ly 25 N.Y. Times.

Racist Thug in Monroe Gets off Easy(C on tinued fro m Page 1)

C om m ittee had by then f ille d a ll the o ther cells.) T h is Freedom R ider, K enne th S h ilm an o f Oceanside, N. Y., d id no t recognize the b a t­tered and b loody fig u re in the cell w ith S tack as his fr ie n d , G risw o ld , t i l l the la tte r managed to ca ll out his name. S h ilm an raised an o u t­c ry and f in a lly G risw o ld was taken ou t o f S tack’s ce ll and pu t in to the ce ll w ith his fe llo w F ree­dom R ider. In the ensuing period in ja i l , S tack boasted to them th a t G risw o ld had been pu t in to h is cell by p rearrangem ent w ith the police ju s t fo r such a beating and th a t the po lice had prom ised S tack a k n ife fo r the “ jo b ” bu t had re ­g re tta b ly no t de live red on th a t p a rt o f th e ir prom ise.

E a rly in October, 1961, the Com ­m ittee to A id the M onroe D efend­ants obta ined a h a n d -w ritte n , signed confession fro m Stack.

I t read as fo llo w s (spe lling and punc tua tion are as in the o r ig in a l) :

“ On o r about 4th Sunday o f Aug. 1961. I was in the un ion county ja i l on 5 charges o f w orth less checks and 2 assault charges. The M onroe po lice and dep tuy (dep­u ty ) forces o f the c ity o f M onroe p u t to me a p ro ps ition i f I w ou ld by force assualt one o f the freedom ride rs G risw o ld they w o u ld see I w e n t free o f m y charges. T h is beating I d id in. the bo ttom ce ll in the un ion coun ty ja il. I w e n t free fo r 2 weeks and was picked back up and sentenced fo r the crim es w h ich was supposed to be dropped fo r the assualt I d id fo r them. T hey tu rne d th e ir backs on me is w h y I confess to th is .”

Conrad L yn n , counsel fo r the Com m ittee to A id the M onroe D e­

fendants, sent the o r ig in a l o f th is confession to U.S. A tto rn e y G en­e ra l R obert F. K ennedy on Oct. 6, 1961 and requested an investiga­t io n and federa l prosecution o f the M onroe po lice au tho ritie s fo r con­sp ir in g to deprive G risw o ld o f his c iv i l rights.

No re p ly o r even acknow ledg­m ent o f th is request was received by Lyn n . H ow ever, G risw o ld 's and S h ilm a n ’s fa m ilie s reported they had been v is ited by F B I agents in q u ir in g about the case. W hen L y n n was in M onroe in connection w ith the “ k id n a p ” t r ia l (w h ic h the N o rth C aro lina a u tho ritie s have postponed fo r m ore tha n a year over defense ob jections), he d is­covered th a t S tack had been trans ­fe rred fro m the ja i l to a m enta l in s titu tio n . In q u ir ie s convinced h im th a t th is was a fra u d u le n t m ove to s p ir it S tack beyond reach o f any in ves tig a tion o f the G ris ­w o ld beating o r to ra ise doubts about h is confession.

To th is day ne ithe r the C A M D no r L y n n have been able t o ascer­ta in w he the r S tack was ever ques­tioned by the F B I.

In a le tte r dated Nov. 30, 1961, in response to a le tte r fro m Con­rad L y n n o f Nov. 24, the f irs t w o rd fro m the A tto rn e y G enera l’s o ffice was received. I t was a c u rt le tte r s ta ting th a t the F B I in v e s ti­ga tion revealed no c iv i l- r ig h ts v io ­la tio n and th a t the f i le on the case had been closed.

I t has since been learned by the C A M D th a t S tack was com m itted to the insane asylum on the m o­t io n o f h is ow n la w y e r and th a t he was q u ie tly released th is sp ring and a llow ed to leave the state u n ­der sm a ll ba il. The fo rm a lity o f

b r in g in g the charges against h im before the U n ion C oun ty cou rt th is past m on th in o rder to free h im on a 60-day suspended sentence is seen as the f in a l, though belated, pa yo ff o f the po lice prom ises to h im fo r bea ting up Freedom R ider R icha rd G risw o ld .

On Septem ber 8th, 1962, Berta Green, secre tary o f the C om m ittee to A id the M onroe Defendants, fo r ­m a lly requested A tto rn e y G eneral K ennedy to reopen the investiga­tion o f the beating o f Freedom R ider R ichard G risw o ld , now tha t the confessed assailant is w a lk in g the streets a free man w ith o u t any question as to h is “ san ity .” The D epartm ent o f Justice s t i l l has in its possession the signed confession w r itte n by Stack d e ta ilin g the po lice in s tig a tio n o f the b ru ta l beating.

M any cases o f prisoners beating up Freedom R iders at po lice in ­s tiga tion have occurred. In m ost instances i t has been d i f f ic u lt to establish by tes tim ony o r o ther evidence the actua l ins tiga tion . The G risw o ld case, how ever, is open and shut in th is respect.

R obert F. W illia m s , fo rm er N A A C P leader o f Monroe, who fle d w ith his fa m ily to Cuba fo l­lo w in g the A ug . 27 r io t in g and fra m e d -u p “ k id n a p ” in d ic tm en t, m ain ta ined th a t K K K -d o m in a te d U n ion C oun ty had some sort o f im m u n ity fro m prosecution by the U.S. Justice D epartm ent. He had made num erous com p la in ts about c iv i l- r ig h ts v io la tio ns there in ­c lu d in g several in v o lv in g a ttem pts on his ow n l i fe . These w ere a ll ignored. F a ilu re o f the A tto rn e y G eneral to o rd e r th e investiga tion o f the G risw o ld case reopened

w o u ld bear ou t W illia m s ’ charges about the m ysterious im m u n ity en joyed by U n ion C oun ty w ith W ash ing ton o ffic ia ls .

The C A M D is a id in g three young men — R ichard C row der, 19, pres­id en t o f the M onroe N o n -V io le n t A c tion C om m ittee, John C. L o w ry , 21, New Y o rk Freedom R ider, and H a ro ld Reape, 17, ac tive m em ber o f the M N V A C — w ho face life sentences in the “ k id n a p ” fra m e - up. They are free on b a il raised by the C A M D . H ow ever, th e ir case has been postponed fo r over a year now. The un ce rta in ty o f l i fe under such conditions is a te rr ib le psy­cho log ica l punishm ent.

The C A M D , w h ic h has head­quarte rs a t 163 W. 123 St., New Y o rk 11, N. Y., needs c o n trib u ­tions fo r fu r th e r lega l steps and to pub lic ize w id e ly the facts o f th is fram e-up .

A fo u rth defendant, M rs. Mae M a llo ry , m othe r o f tw o ch ild re n , is in p rison in C leveland, Ohio. She is f ig h t in g e x tra d it io n fro m th a t state to K K K -d o m in a te d M onroe, and the O hio co u rt re ­fuses to set her free on ba il.

Special O ffe rN E G R O E S O N T H E M A R C H

B y D a n ie l G u e rinA socia lis t analysis o f the

na tu re and background o f the c u rre n t s trugg le fo r eq ua lity .

$1 paperback edition reduced to

501P IO N E E R P U B L IS H E R S

116 U n ive rs ity Place N e w Y o rk 3, N . Y .

His Country Rich, People Starve, Says Peru Youth

M onday, Septem ber 17, 1962 T H E M IL IT A N T Page Seven

How to Quit a JobB y Joyce C ow ley

Y ou m ay have read a lo t o f ad­vice about how to f in d a jo b and how to m ake good w hen you get one. T h is a rtic le is concerned w ith a d iffe re n t, som ewhat co n flic tin g prob lem . Le av ing a jo b is no t at a ll easy, no m a tte r how d issatis­f ied you feel. There is a lw ays som eth ing about i t th a t has a ho ld on you — lik e a re g u la r paycheck.

R ecently I have been w o rk in g a t w h a t is kno w n as a pressure job, i.e. the boss figu res I am a m any-handed octopus able to do several tasks a t the same ins tan t and be pe rfec t a t a ll o f them . L ik e ty p in g w ith m y le ft hand w h ile I answer the phone w ith m y r ig h t — I am supposed to take dow n a message, too. Then at f iv e to five , he discovers an em ergency w h ich has been ly in g on his desk fo r s ix m onths and w i l l take on ly a few hours o f m y tim e. T h is a lw ays happens w hen I have been hard at w o rk since n ine in the m id d le o f a com p le te ly senseless tu m u lt: the boss shouting above the s t r i­den t r in g o f several telephones, typed pages caught up in the d ra ft o f an e lec tr ic fan, the boss’s daughter, of f fo r a year o f “ f in ­ish ing ” in France, s it t in g on the edge o f m y desk and g igg lin g about her luggage. W ou ld I please check on i t w ith the a ir lin e , she

O u r W eek ly Laugh — “ The C ham ber believes in the fu n d a ­m enta l p r in c ip le of equa l pay fo r equal w o rk by bo th men and wom en. So its opposition to the House-approved b i l l on the sub­je c t (H .R . 11677) does no t stem fro m any p re jud ice against the ladies. B u t i t believes the leg is la ­t io n cou ld do m ore ha rm than good. A s the C ham ber said in a recent le tte r to the Senate Labo r subcom m ittee w here the b i l l is pending, ‘the re is no need fo r leg is la tion in th is area because em ployers have made considerable pregress over the years in e lim in ­a ting m u ltip le standards in the paym en t o f wages.’ ” — W ashing­ton Report published by the Cham ber o f Com m erce o f the U.S.

Weekly CalendarDETROIT

Eyewitness Report from the South. Fri., Sept. 2 1 , 8 p.m. Debs Hall, 3737 W o o d ­ward. Ausp. Friday N igh t Socialist Forum.

•

N E W YO R K

Socialist W orkers Party Election C am ­paign Rally. Richard Garza, candidate for Governor will discuss Socialist De­mands in the 1962 Elections. Brief re ­marks by Sylvia W einstein, candidate for Lt. Governor, C arl Feingold, candidate for U.S. Senator, Leroy M cRae, candi­date for A ttorney General, and A llen Taplin, candidate for Com ptro ller. Social follows. Sat., Sept. 22, 8:30 p.m., I 16 University PI. (13th St. near Union S q .). Donation $1. students 50c.

BOSTO N. Boston Labor Forum , 295 H untington A ve., Room 200.

C H IC A G O . Socialist W orkers Party, 302 South Canal St. Room 210. W E 9-5044. I f no answer, call H U 6-7025.

C L E V E L A N D . Eugene V . Debs H all, Room 23, 5927 Euclid A ve., C leveland 3, Ohio.

D E N V E R , M ilita n t Labor Forum , 1227 C alifornia. M ain 3-0993. For labor and so­cialist books In ternational Book E x ­change. 1227% C alifornia. Open 5:30 p.m. to 8 p.m. M on. through F ri.

D E T R O IT . Eugene V . Debs H a ll, 3737 W oodward. TEm ple 1-6135.

LOS A N G E LE S . Forum H a ll and M od­e m Book Shop. Socialist W orkers P arty , 1702 East Fourth St. A N 9-4953 or W E 5- 9238. Open 12 noon to 5 p.m. daily, Sat. 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

M IL W A U K E E , 150 E. Juneau A ve.M IN N E A P O L IS . Socialist W orkers Party

and Labor Book Store, 704 Hennepin A ve., H a ll 240. FEderal 2-7781. Open 1 to 5 p.m ., M onday through F riday , Sat­urday, 11 a.m .-5 p.m.

d id n ’t kno w w h ic h a ir lin e b u t cou ldn ’t I keep c a llin g them u n t il I found the r ig h t one?

Last week a salesman came in w ith a l i t t le brochure. “ Do you know these g irls? ” the headline queried. Below , the re w ere sketch­es o f the g ir ls . B e tty Backache, S a lly S qu in t, Fanny Fatigue, Sue Sw ive lhead, Cathy Crabbe. U n de r­neath these faces, the question: “ HO W D ID T H E Y G ET T H A T W A Y ?”

He tr ie d to convince me th a t a ll these d iff ic u lt ie s w o u ld be e lim in ­ated by a sm all gadget attached to m y ty p e w rite r , b u t I decided th a t q u itt in g w o u ld be even m ore e ffec tive .

The last tim e I q u it a job, the boss was angry because I fa ile d to appreciate the g reat o p p o rtu n ity he was o ffe r in g me. He said I was do ing sloppy w o rk and he was glad to see me go. (A fr ie n d of m ine w ho resigned a fte r nine years learned fo r the f ir s t tim e th a t he r w o rk had never been sat­is fac to ry .)

Sym pathetic U nderstanding

In the present case, to m y s u r­prise, I got sym pathetic u n d e r­standing. M y im m ed ia te su p e rv i­sor said he rea lized th a t I had been unde r a s tra in . He conferred w ith the b ig boss w ho agreed I was a capable person and they w o u ld see to i t th a t m y w o rk in g cond itions im proved . I f I stayed fo r a w h ile (ten years — 20 years?) th is type o f w o rk m ig h t pay e x trem e ly w e ll. I am ac­customed to in tim id a tio n ra th e r than seduction, so I got confused bu t I d id n ’t g ive up r ig h t away.

“ W h y does everyone in th is o f­fice shout a ll day long?” I asked. “ T h a t makes i t so hard to hear the dictaphone.”

“ I guess we do b low up .” The boss was sm iling am iab ly . “ T h a t’s ju s t ou r way. B u t the re ’s one th in g you can say about us — we are nice people.”

Sure, they are nice, no m a tte r how heavy m y w o rk load o r how la te I w o rk . A t the end o f the day, I don’t fee l ve ry nice. W h ile I was no t exa c tly reassured by a pat on the head ( in some offices the same gesture is d irec ted to o ther areas o f the b o d y ), I agreed to th in k i t over.

I f I have n o t a lw ays m et the same friend liness w hen I resigned, the circum stances were d iffe re n t, too. Before I got in to o ffice w o rk , I was a waitress. A m ong nu m er­ous dism al hash-houses th a t I re ­ca ll, one in Oregon is ou ts tand­ing. The n ig h t came w hen I ’d had enough o f it , and the o ther g ir ls fe lt the same w ay. I t seemed like the r ig h t occasion fo r champagne and the boss w asn’t there, so we opened a few bottles o f some fine , im p o rted s tu ff. B y the tim e he got back, we were prepared to te ll h im exa c tly w h a t we tho ugh t about his res tau ran t. The m an wasn’t u n ­de rs tand ing at a l l and d id n ’t even g ive us good references.

T h is tim e, someone m isca lcu la t-

N E W A R K . N ew ark Labor Forum , Box 361. N ew ark , N ew Jersey.

NEW Y O R K C IT Y . M ilita n t Labor Forum , 116 U niversity Place. A L 5-7852.

O A K L A N D -B E R K E L E Y . Labor Book ■Shop and Socialist W orkers Party. 563 16th St., Oakland 12, C alif. T E 6-2077. I f no answer call261-5692.

P H IL A D E L P H IA . M ilita n t Labor Forum and Socialist W orkers P arty , 1303 W. G irard Ave. Lectures and discussions every Saturday, 8 p.m., follow ed byopen house. Call PO 3-5820.

SAN FR A N C ISC O . M ilita n t Labor Forum , V A 4-2321. For labor and so­cialist books, Spartacus Bookstore, 2331 M a rk e t St. U N 3-7675. Open 12 noon.

ST. LO U IS . Phone M ain 1-0969. Ask for D ick Clarke.

SAN D IE G O . San Diego Labor Forum , P.O. Box 1581. San Diego 12, Calif.

S E A TTLE , 1412 18th A ve., E A 5-0191. L ib rary , bookstore. Open 12 noon to5 p.m. Saturdays.

ed because the ve ry n e x t day there was a b ig rush jo b — a fte r so m uch reassurance, they should have he ld o ff a few days. So fro m f iv e to s ix , the boss sat beside me and c lucked encourag ing ly w h ile I typed. W hen I got stuck on a techn ica l w o rd in m y notes, I looked up to check w ith h im . A t s ix I rea lized he was no longer there. P rob ab ly the heat got h im and he q u ie tly le ft fo r home so I said the h e ll w ith i t and w e n t home, too. The n e x t day I came in p ro m p tly because the docum ent I was ty p in g had to get to a plane tha t m orn ing . W hen m y boss a r­r ive d an ho u r la te r, I had i t ready fo r his s igna tu re and there was ju s t enough tim e to ru n across the street to the special je t m a il box.

“ Gee,” he said w ith a boyish g rin , “ ju s t in tim e! T hank you ve ry m uch fo r h e lp ing me ou t.”

He was sm ilin g again, the sm ile o f a lo ve r w ho w ants me to do som eth ing com p le te ly unreason­able o r has fa ile d to do som eth ing I have eve ry r ig h t to expect. T h is personal approach is qu ite com ­m on — some men p lay i t lik e a fa the r, a young m an m ay act m ore lik e a son. (M om , I ’m so rry I fo r ­got. I t means a lo t of e x tra w o rk fo r you b u t I ’m so rry , m om .)

A RaiseW hen he got th rough tha n k in g

me, I resigned again. T h is f irm m ust be w id e ly and u n fa vo ra b ly kno w n to jo b applicants, because he kep t try in g . F irs t he gave me a raise, w h ich con firm ed m y fee l­in g tha t I had been underpa id a ll along. He also came up w ith w h a t he considered a qu ie t spot fo r me to w o rk . I t was a location rem ote fro m his o ffice . I knew I w ou ld be ru n n in g back and fo r th a ll day at top speed and I could see a nu m be r o f obstacles lik e f i l in g cabinets and d u p lica tin g m achines— I bru ise easily.

To make i t s tick I to ld the w o m - m an in charge o f personnel. I as­sumed she w o u ld be angry be­cause i t m eant in te rv ie w s , and t ra in in g someone else. I was taken aback when she said vehem ently , “ I f I had any guts, I ’d q u it too! Y ou know the w ay I w o rk — seven o r e igh t eve ry n ig h t w ith o u t ove r­tim e pay. S t ill, i t ’s never enough fo r them . I guess they th in k I should p itch a ten t and sleep here.”

The n e x t day a ll the secretaries gathered around to express th e ir approva l.

“ W hy haven ’t I done the same th in g ? ”

“ W hy p u t up w ith a ll th is ag­g rava tion? ” (A po lite substitu te fo r a sho rte r and m ore v iv id w o rd .)

A Stampede?M aybe I had started a stampede.

N ext the head o f the f irm w ou ld te ll me he d id n ’t lik e the place e ith e r and was go ing ou t o f bus i­ness. B u t as the psychologists say, i t ’s a m a tte r o f m o tiva tion . He makes m oney w h ile w e m ake wages.

Now I ’ve to ld you how to q u it— th is is one w ay, there are sev­e ra l others — I ’m a fra id I haven ’t solved y o u r prob lem s o r m ine. Even a fte r you leave, the boss con­tro ls y o u r jo b s itua tion . I f you f ile fo r unem p loym ent insurance, you w i l l be d isq u a lifie d fo r some tim e unless the au tho ritie s decide tha t you le f t fo r a “ com p e llin g ” reason. I once though t I had such a reason and m y doctor agreed th a t the w o rk was too heavy and the hours too long. U nem p loym ent o ff ic ia ls checked w ith m y boss — e v id e n tly th is is the w ay they get an im p a rt ia l op in ion — and he said the jo b was a snap.

I f you m ake too m uch o f the adverse effects on y o u r hea lth , the D epartm ent o f E m p loym en t w i l l decide th a t you are ph ys ica lly or em o tion a lly unem ployable, w h ich is possib ly an advantage. I ju s t discovered th a t the w ho le prob lem is psychological, and I am s u ffe r­in g fro m “ ne u ro tic fa tig ue .” In the June 24 San Francisco C hron ic le

ECLC Sets Seminars on Witch Hunt

A five -e ve n in g w orkshop on the M cC arran A c t w i l l be held d u r in g C o ns titu tio n W eek — Sept. 17 to 21 — at the S h e ra to n -A tla n tic H o te l in N ew Y o rk C ity by the Em ergency C iv il L ib e rtie s Com ­m ittee .

The w orkshop sessions, w h ich w i l l ru n fro m 8 to 10:30 p.m. each evening, w i l l deal successively w ith the s tigm a tiz in g o f groups as “ C om m unis t ac tion ,” “ Com ­m u n is t- fro n t” and “ C om m un is t- in f i lt ra te d ” as w e ll as the e ffec t o f these designations on p o lit ic a l d is ­sent in general and free discussion on the campuses.

Sessions are open to a ll. Regis­tra t io n fo r each session is S I.50 o r $5 fo r the e n tire series. The p ro ­g ram is as fo llow s :

Mon., Sept. 17 — M cC arra n A c t in Practice, speakers: H a rveyLeonard B. B oud in and R obert Forrey.

Tues., Sept. 18 — P o litic a l A c ­tion , speakers: M a ry K a u fm a n and Moe F ishm an.

Wed., Sept. 19 — L abor, speak­ers: I. P h ilip Sipser, Sam uel N eu- be rge r and N a t W itt.

Thurs., Sept. 20 — Peace, In te ­g ration and R eform , speakers: P ro f. D av id Haber, H e n ry A bram s and C a rl B raden.

F ri., Sept. 21 — Controversy on the Cam pus, speakers: P ro f. B ro a - dus M itc h e ll, P ro f. N o rm an D o r- sen and P h ill ip A b b o tt Luce.

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the re is g reat p o s s ib ility o f m ore E m m ett T i l l cases.”

In southw est Georgia, w here SNCC has been in vo lve d since last fa l l in a vo te r-re g is tra tio n p ro je c t in the ru ra l counties su rro un d in g the c ity o f A lb an y , renew ed te r­ro r is t a c t iv ity occurred Sept. 9 w hen tw o Negro churches in Sas­ser w ere bu rned down.

B oth churches — M o u n t O live B ap tis t and M ou n t M a ry B ap tis t — were in vo lve d in the vo te r-re g ­is tra tio n d r iv e in T e rre ll C ounty. O n ly 53 Negroes in the coun ty are reg istered to vote. W h ite voters there to ta l 2,894 a lthough Negroes are 64.4 per cent o f the popu la ­tion .

Last m on th another chu rch in ­vo lved in the vo te r d r iv e in Lees­burg, 20 m iles fro m Sasser, was also burned down. On Sept. 5 in Dawson, the county seat, shotgun blasts w ere fire d in to a Negro home w here a group o f vo te r-re g - is tra tio n vo lun teers w ere s ittin g . A w h ite you th and a Negro g ir l w ere wounded.

The M ou n t O live B ap tis t chu rch was the scene o f a ra id on a v o te r- reg is tra tio n m ee ting last J u ly by S h e r if f Zeke T. M athew s, his de­puties, and o ther w h ite -s u p re - macists. F o rtu n a te ly , newsm en were present in the church. U n de r pressure o f the w idespread p u b li­c ity g iven th is b la ta n t act, the D epa rtm en t o f Justice f ile d su it before federa l D is tr ic t Judge J. R obert E ll io t ask ing th a t the S h e r if f be en jo ined fro m fu r th e r in te rfe rence w ith v o tin g a c tiv ­ities.

B u t Judge E llio t, a no torious segregation ist and a lead ing D em ocrat w ho was recen tly ap­po in ted to the bench by P resident K ennedy, denied the request on the grounds th a t nobody’s c iv i l r ig h ts were threatened. In W ash­ing ton , the D epa rtm en t o f Justice announced on Sept. 10 th a t i t was “ in ve s tig a tin g ” the destruc tion o f the tw o churches.

In C harleston, M isso u ri — across the M iss iss ipp i R iv e r fro m Cairo, I llin o is , w here SNCC in te g ra tio n actions have also been m et w ith rac is t v io lence — 31 you ths were arrested Sept. 1 d u r in g a dem ­ons tra tion in fro n t o f a segregated m ovie theatre. Seven you ths are s t i l l in ja i l un de r bonds rang ing fro m $ 1 0 0 to $1,500.

Local Directory

D r. O. Spurgeon E ng lish o f the D epartm ent o f P sych ia try , Tem ple U n ive rs ity , exp la ins tha t we get t ire d because we have the w rong a ttitud e . He says:

“ Y o u r fee lings about w o rk : W h ile a ch ild , you w ere no t in i t ia t ­ed in to w o rk and do ing th ings fo r o thers in a pleasant, in te res tin g w ay. You m ay n o t have been asked to w o rk at a ll, o r were made to w o rk too m uch w ith o u t rew ard . In e ith e r case you missed the fun , pleasure and jo y o f be ing a con­tr ib u tin g m em bers o f some p ro j­ect.”

As i f w o rk in g in th is society is n o t bad enuogh, D r. E ng lish insists th a t we lik e it , too. He continues:

“ Y ou were d ire c tly o r sub tly g iven the im pression, w h ile g ro w ­in g up, th a t too m uch w o rk had a h a rm fu l e ffec t upon the body; and th is made you too fa tig u e ­conscious. You p ro ba b ly feel, consciously o r unconsciously, th a t less w o rk , sho rte r hours o r less resp o n s ib ility w ou ld be desirable fo r you.

I w onder w h y a ll the g ir ls at m y o ffice s u ffe r fro m the same neuro tic de lusion about less w o rk and sho rte r hours?

The tru th is th a t the w o rk m ost people p e rfo rm is d u ll and a rd u ­ous. I t is meaningless because i t is un re la ted to th e ir in te rests and th e ir lives. Yes, we do i t “ fo r o thers” — fo r the men in con tro l w ho have made such a mess of the w o rld and are now th rea ten ­in g to destroy it . A s long as they rem a in in con tro l w o rk w i l l re ­m ain , fo r m ost o f us, the a n t i­thesis o f jo y .

Secret Police Get New Image

The S oviet pu b lica tio n , N edyela (The W eek) carries a no tew o rth y a rtic le in its c u rre n t issue. I t is a group in te rv ie w of m em bers o f the USSR’s secret police. P rin c ip a l theme o f the state secu rity o f­f ic ia ls is th a t the secret po lice has purged its e lf o f the personnel and practices o f the S ta lin era when to rtu re and fra m e -u p were stand­ard opera ting procedures.

The group o f secret po lice o f­fic ia ls v is ited N edye la ’s o ffices and answered questions. The pu b lica ­t io n ’s e d ito r is P re m ie r K h ru s h ­chev’s s o n -in -la w , A lekse i A dzhu- bei, w ho also edits Izvestia.

In answer to one question, M a­jo r G eneral of Justice in the State S ecu rity C om m ittee, N ik o la i Ch is­tyakov , said: “ The o rgan iza tionnow has m any new young people, m any young p a rty and Kom som ol [C om m un is t you th o rgan iza tion ] w orkers . The State S ecu rity Com ­m ittee no longer has any w ho d u r­in g the tim e o f the pe rsona lity c u lt pa rtic ip a ted in repressions against innocent people. There is no th in g now in the state secu rity organs th a t is s im ila r to w h a t existed u n ­der the pe rsona lity c u lt.”

C h is tyakov also said th a t no secret tr ia ls w ere now held in cases in v o lv in g espionage, treason, o r il le g a l cu rrency transactions and th a t these were the p r in c ip a l concerns o f the secu rity police. No m en tion was made o f tr ia ls fo r p o lit ic a l c r it ic is m o r opposition.

On Sept. 3, the day fo llo w in g the appearance o f the Nedyela a r ­tic le , the K re m lin announced the change in name o f the M in is try of In te rn a l A ffa irs (M V D ) to M in ­is try o f P ub lic L a w and O rder. The M in is try o f In te rn a l A ffa irs bore the same re la tio n to the secret po lice tha t the U.S. D e pa rt­m en t o f Justice bears to the F B I. The dread in it ia ls , M V D , were in ­d e lib ly associated in the pu b lic m in d w ith the S ta lin te rro r.

S ta lin h im se lf several tim es changed the name o f the secret po lice in a s im ila r e ffo r t to d ispe l the po pu la r fea r and ha tred w h ich had become attached to its name. Thus he changed the G PU in to the N K V D and then in to the M V D ,

Page E ig h t t h e MILITANT M onday, Septem ber 17, 1962

B y A lb e rt P h illip s

T he A ugust m eeting o f the gen­e ra l council o f the c o u n try ’s la rg ­est local un ion, Ford Loca l 600, U n ited A u to W orkers, adopted the f ir s t read ing o f a set o f am end­ments to the lo ca l’s by law s w h ich are supposed to end the appeals to ra c ia l b ig o try and red ba itin g w h ich m arked w ith in fa m y the elections fo r loca l o ff ic ia ls last June.

A t th a t tim e, C a rl S te lla to , in ­cum bent loca l president, ran a slate w h ich excluded any rep re ­sentation o f the Negro w orkers w ho constitu te be tte r than a th ird o f the lo ca l’s 32,000 members. S up­po rte rs of S te lla to ’s ad m in is tra tio n slate centered th e ir f ire on the f ig h t o f Negroes fo r representation and on the T rade U n ion Leader­sh ip C ouncil, the D e tro it b ranch of the Negro A m erican Labo r C oun­c il, in w h ich Ford Rouge P lant N egro w o rkers p lay a lead ing role.

The ad m in is tra tio n s la te ’s p ro p ­aganda characterized the TU LC as an “ ou tside” o rgan iza tion w h ich should not be pe rm itte d to “ d ic ­ta te p o lic y ” to the un ion.

T he S te lla to sla te also d is tr ib ­uted cam paign m a te ria l consisting o f re p rin ts o f unsubstantia ted tes­tim o n y o f stoo l-p igeon witnesses before the d iscred ited House U n -

C a rl S te lla to

A m erican A c tiv it ie s Com m ittee. T h is m a te ria l smeared H a rry P h ilo , the opposition candidate fo r loca l p resident whose slate was ra c ia lly m ixed.

S te lla to had p re v io us ly been the most p ro m in e n t f ig u re na tio n a lly in opposition to the bureaucracy of U A W In te rn a tio n a l p resident W a lte r R euther. B u t S te lla to had since made his peace w ith the In ­te rn a tio n a l tops who p u t th e ir m achine to w o rk in fa v o r of the S te lla to slate. S te lla to won the election by a n a rro w m arg in based on sk illed men and retirees, w ith most o f the p roduction w orkers vo tin g against him .

T w o factors behind S te lla to ’s and the In te rn a tio n a l’s support fo r the present am endm ents to the b y ­laws are: 1) The fac t th a t the in ­fam ous cam paign o f last June in Local 600 has proved em barassing to the un ion in o the r parts o f the c o u n try and in te rn a tio n a lly and has h u r t the un ion ’s, o rgan iz ing attem pts. 2) P repa ra tion fo r the ne x t local elections (less than a year aw ay) by a ttem p ting to a t­tra c t some o f the Negro leaders and m em bers — w ho w ere p re tty so lid behind the P h ilo slate last June — aw ay fro m the opposition.

The am endm ents are by and la rge no t bad, be ing in the m ain an in d ic tm e n t o f practices a c tu a lly engaged in by the S te lla to slate in the last e lection. One am endm ent suggests th a t slates o f candidates should be “ rep resen ta tive o f the to ta l m em bersh ip.” A no the r p ro ­vides a pledge to be signed by a ll candidates no t to dissem inate “ any assertion o r representa tion w h ich is false, deceptive, o r m alic ious, or w h ich fa lse ly re flec ts on any m em ­be r’s character, m o ra lity o r in te g ­r ity , o r ca lls h is race, creed or co lo r in to question . . .”

H ow ever, one p a rt o f one o f the am endm ents states: “ W e believe th a t no m an o r set o f men are en title d to exc lus ive o r separate r ig h ts , p riv ileges, rew ards o r posi­tions fro m th is un ion and any sta­tus in th is un ion m ust accrue from services rendered.” In the abstract, th is s ta tem ent sounds a ll r ig h t, bu t in the con text o f the s itua tion in the U A W it can on ly be taken as

H a rry P h ilo

an a ttack on the cam paign by the Negro m in o r ity fo r its r ig h t to rep ­resentation in the top offices of the union.

The genera l tenor o f S te lla to ’s p resenta tion o f the prob lem also raises doub t about how the am end­ments w i l l be pu t in to e ffect. For h im , bo th sides in last June ’s elec­tio n were equa lly g u ilty since he c la im s the re d -b a itin g and rac ia l b ig o try were “ provoked.” A cco rd ­ing to th is specious line o f reason­ing, when a Negro po in ts ou t tha t a ll the m em bers o f a ce rta in slate are w h ite despite the fac t th a t a th ird o f the m em bersh ip is Negro, he is g u ilty o f racism because he is b r in g in g up the sub ject o f can­didates’ race.

Self-Defense UpheldA young Negro w om an w ho

shot and k ille d a w h ite a ttacker near the northw est G eorgia tow n of D a llas was freed from ja i l Sept. 8 a fte r the k illin g was ru led ju s tifiab le hom icide.

A group of arm ed n ight r id ­ers had approached the home of M rs. K ate P h ilpo t, tw o miles from D allas, Sept. 5, and one of them thrust a pistol through a crack in the door. M rs . P h il- pot’s daughter, M rs . Rebecca W ilson, 21, then fire d a pistol in to the darkness and Leroy Parks, 25, fe ll dead on the porch.

S ix o ther w h ite men w ere arrested in connection w ith the ra id and slaying and w ere re ­leased on $3,500 bond.

The K n ig h ts o f C olum bus and its Suprem e K n ig h t, L u ke H a rt, have been accused o f “ s tr ik e b re a k ­in g ” and hav ing “ stone age” labo r po lic ies in a re p o rt published Sept. 9 by the Association o f C a tho lic T rade U nion ists. The K . o f C. is the c o u n try ’s la rgest and most in ­f lu e n tia l C a tho lic la ym en ’s o rgan­iza tion .

The A C T U re p o rt deals w ith the 16-week s tr ik e o f m em bers o f the P r in tin g Pressmen’s U n ion , A F L - C IO , a t the C o lum b ia M agazine p la n t in New Haven, Conn., where the K . o f C. has its na tiona l head­quarters.

The magazine — w ith a m il lio n - copy c ircu la tio n — is the o ff ic ia l organ o f the K . o f C. and i ts New Haven p r in t in g p la n t is w h o lly owned by the organ ization.

The K . o f C. trans fe rre d the

Englewood's Pledge Ends School Boycott

A th ree -day boycott o f the v i r ­tu a lly a ll-N e g ro L in c o ln E lem en­ta ry School in Englewood, N.J., ended Sept. 10 and the board of education issued a statem ent sup­p o rtin g the estab lishm ent o f an in tegra ted e lem enta ry school. The board had made a s im ila r s tate­m ent p re v io us ly b u t the Board o f School E stim ate refused to ap­p ro p ria te the m oney necessary to p u t the p lan in opera tion. F o r tha t reason, i t rem ains to be seen w h e the r the in teg ra tion is ts have won a v ic to ry . In any case the e f­fectiveness o f the boycott proved the Englewood M ovem ent has the backing o f the Negro parents in the area.

Englewood, lik e m any N o rthe rn cities, has a concentrated Negro ghetto w ith re su ltin g de facto segregation in ne ighborhood schools. The Englewood M ove­m ent has been engaged in a cam ­paign o f m il ita n t dem onstra tions to force the c ity to desegregate its elem entary schools system. The boycott was backed by the school’s P arent-Teachers Association and the Congress o f Racia l E qu a lity .

Detroit's ADC Mothers OrganizeB y G eorge B re itm a n

D E T R O IT — I t ’s a lw ays good news w hen w o rk in g people get together and organize to im prove th e ir conditions. T h a t’s w h a t is happen ing here now among AD C m others (heads o f fam ilies re ­ce iv ing A id to Dependent C h ild ren a llow an ces).

T hey are organ iz ing because D e tro it, fo r the f ir s t tim e in m any years, has a lib e ra l m ayor, named Jerom e Cavanagh. I f you don ’t take m y w o rd fo r it , ask h im you rse lf. H e ’l l te ll you he is a lib e ra l.

Since ta k in g o ffice in January, Cavanagh has tw o m a jo r accom­p lishm ents to his c red it.

One is th a t he has pushed th rough a c ity incom e tax. I t takes one per cent o f the wages o f a $50-a-week o ffice w o rk e r and it takes one per cent o f the income o f a $50-an-hour co rpora tion executive . I t ’s hard to im agine an y th in g m ore im p a rt ia l than tha t.

C avanagh’s second b ig c la im to fam e came on J u ly 24 when he ordered the e lim in a tio n by Sept. 1 o f D e tro it ’s supp lem enta tion of reg u la r A D C a llo tm ents pa id to around 7,000 fam ilies by the fed­e ra l and state governm ents.

He said th is was “ an economy m ove,” requ ired because the state has low ered the share i t pays to ­w a rd c ity re lie f costs. B y c u ttin g out these supp lem enta l benefits, ran g ing from §1 to $45 a m on th per fa m ily per m onth , Cavanagh said the c ity w o u ld save $2.8 m il­lio n a year.

T h is reduces the a lready low standard of AD C fam ilie s to the leve l o f a fa m ily on c ity w e lfa re o r re lie f. W hich is about as low as you can go and s t i l l su rv ive .

W hy d id Cavanagh p ick on the A D C fa m ilie s fo r his “ economy m ove” at the same tim e th a t the cops, among others, are ge tting generous wage increases? Because people on AD C are tra d it io n a lly the m ost helpless to resist.

M ost A D C m others are w idow s o r heads o f fam ilies deserted by the fa th e r; in D e tro it, a m a jo r ity o f them are Negro. No group is m ore m aligned by the newspapers and outraged “ m idd le -c lass o p in ­ion .” The ed ito rs seem to hate them m ore than they do Castro. They are p e rio d ica lly accused of such crim es as “ th ro w in g beer pa rties ” and “ hav ing boy fr ie n d s ” and “ be ing prom iscuous at the taxpayers ’ expense.” H a rd ly any­

body w ith rea l in fluence ever comes to th e ir defense.

So Cavanagh m ust have been surprised when 60 A D C m others, organized as the B rew s te r-D ou g - lass C iv ic V olunteers (nam ed a fte r the c ity housing p ro jec t w here they l iv e ) , showed up at a c ity counc il m eeting on Aug. 29 to pro test the e lim in a tio n o f sup­p lem entation .

The m others had tw o men to represent them , bu t three o f them also spoke up fo r themselves. T w o said tha t the Cavanagh cu t w ou ld p reven t them fro m buy ing school supplies and sending th e ir ch ild re n to school. A th ird proposed tha t the c ity reduce ren ts in the hous­in g p ro jec t, w h ich had been raised in A p r i l. They a ll said they wanted to w o rk and asked he lp in ge tting jobs.

C ity council m em bers prom ised “ considera tion .” O f course they had no th ing to say about the re ­quest fo r jobs. There are around 100,000 s t i l l unem ployed in the D e tro it area.

Cavanagh had good reason to be surprised. As an e x -A D C ch ild m yse lf ( i t was ca lled another name a t th a t t im e ), I have a lw ays been in te rested in th is p a rtic u la r g roup;

and ye t I cannot rem em ber any o ther tim e o r place where AD C fa m ilie s organized themselves and protested as they have done in D e tro it.

The dem onstra tion was re la ­t iv e ly sm all and m ild . B u t I th in k i t can be considered as an en­courag ing token o f the fu tu re — o f the fu tu re day w hen a ll the AD C m others, and the w o rkers e x is ting on w e lfa re , and the u n ­em ployed, and the underpa id , u n ­organized and unrepresented s ilen t m illio n s get together and speak up.

T h a t’s w h a t a re vo lu tio n is — w hen the h ith e rto ignored, d is ­possessed, despised and in a r t ic u ­late m a jo r ity w a lk onto the stage and have th e ir say.

p r in t in g o f the magazine to a non­un ion p lan t in A tla n ta , Georgia, a fte r the s ta rt o f the s tr ik e w h ich began in M ay w hen H a rt refused to g ra n t a wage increase to b rin g the wages o f C o lum b ia ’s press­men up to the standard scale fo r the area. M ost o f the s tr ike rs are themselves m em bers o f the K . o f C.

R eactionary labo r po lic ies have a long h is to ry at the K . o f C. head­quarters. T w o years ago the 350 m em bers o f the O ffice Em ployees U n ion there s tru ck fo r 13 weeks “ essentia lly against the obstinacy o f Suprem e K n ig h t H a rt,” says the A C T U repo rt. A t tha t tim e the bishop o f the diocese p u b lic ly disassociated h im se lf fro m the position o f the K n igh ts .

“ We w ou ld hope,” says the A C T U repo rt, “ th a t M r. H a rt w i l l suspend the p r in t in g o f the Co­lu m b ia Magazine, re tu rn the oper­ation to its home in New H aven and, perhaps, a fte r a long and thorough read ing o f M ate r et M agistra , [th e papal encyc lica l o f M ay 15, 1961 con ta in ing some of the chu rch ’s m odern social teach­ings] sub m it his pride to the b in d ­ing im pera tives o f social ju s tice .”

“ I f M r. H a rt continues,” says the repo rt, “ in h is re fusa l to act in good fa ith we w o u ld hope tha t the m illio n m em bers o f the K . of C. w ou ld seriously consider how long they w i l l to le ra te M r. H a rt and his reac tiona ry la bo r policies. Such to le ra tio n has been, perhaps, ove rlong.”

Rights Group Pickets K of C

The headquarters o f tw o K n ig h ts o f C olum bus councils were p icke t­ed Sept. 7 by the M a ry la n d C iv ic In te res t G roup, an in te g ra tio n ac­tion organ iza tion a ff ilia te d w ith the S tuden t N o nv io le n t C o o rd ina t­ing C om m ittee. The p ickets p ro ­tested the C a tho lic laym en ’s o r­gan iza tion ’s schedu ling o f a sta te­w ide reun ion at a segregated am usem ent pa rk .

The C iv ic In te res t G roup had asked the K . o f C. to change its m eeting place fro m the segregated G w ynn O ak Am usem ent Park near B a ltim ore , b u t was refused by M au rice J. K le in , state deputy fo r the K . o f C., w ho said the con trac t w ith the p a rk cou ld not be broken. Leo B urroughs, spokes­man fo r the C iv ic In te re s t G roup said the ho ld ing o f the event in a segregated area was a “ flag ran t d isregard fo r the r ig h ts and fee l­ings o f o the r hum an beings.”

“ The C.I.G . wonders whether the orphans and o ther such groups w h ich the K n ig h ts o f Columbus are b rin g in g to the p a rk fo r a day a lleged ly o f jo y and pleasure w ill be selected in d is c rim in a te ly or w h e the r said orphans’ f ir s t p re re ­qu is ite be th a t they are w h ite youngsters,” M r. B urroughs said

Cause or Effect? — A study of 100 th ird -g ra d e pup ils ind ica ted th a t ch ild re n w ith lo w e r IQs ( I n ­te lligence quo tien ts) w a tch te le ­v is ion m ore than others, the an­nua l m eeting o f the A m erican Psychologica l Association was to ld . The c h ild re n ’s average T V w a tch ­ing tim e came to 25 3 /4 hours per week, w ith those in the lowest IQ group w a tch in g as m uch as 53 hours a week.

U n ited Nations s ta tis tic ians said th a t the w o r ld ’s to ta l po pu la tion crossed the th re e -b illio n m a rk by the m idd le o f 1961 a t the la test They p u t the fig u re fo r the m id d le o f 1962 at 3,115,000,000.

Land of the Free? — “ N o t in ­fre q u e n tly we receive le tte rs to the e d ito r com p la in ing about th is th in g o r tha t, accompanied by i foo tnote to th is e ffec t: ‘ I f you p r in t th is , don’t use m y name, a w o rk fo r the governm ent.’ ” — C harleston (S.C.) News C ourie r.

UAW Ford Local 600 Moves to Eliminate Bias in Electioneering

Catholic Unionists Hit Knights of Columbus Head as Strikebreaker