the principles of power distribution€¦ · · 2018-02-01the principles of power distribution...
TRANSCRIPT
The Principles of Power Distribution
Presented by
Dustin Hubert, GAL Power Systems, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
David Mansbart, ABLE Equipment Rental, Deer Park, N.Y.
Sam Castillo, Tates Rents, Boise, Idaho
2/1/2018
1
THE PRINCIPLES OF POWER DISTRIBUTION
Panelists:
Dustin Hubert, GAL Power Systems, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Dave Mansbart, ABLE Equipment Rental, Deer Park, N.Y.
Sam Castillo, Tates Rents, Boise, Idaho
What questions need to be asked to ensure a successful power distribution project?
Dustin Hubert, GAL Power Systems, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Know your Audience!
• Who are you working with to develop your plan?
• Are you talking to the correct person?
• Do they know the actual requirements and understand electrical generation, and distribution?
• Ideally, you want to be working with an electrical contractor, electrician, engineer, or equivalent.
• Facility managers, building operators or maintenance staff may also have the required information.
2/1/2018
2
Local Regulations and Project Type
• Are there any specific local regulations that you will need to contend with for the project? Special permits, inspections, etc.
• What type of project is it? Commercial/Industrial, Special Event, Concert/Festival, etc.
• Exposure to the general public will typically involve additional safety measures. Cable protection mats, connection enclosures, fencing, labelling/signage, etc.
Total and Individual LoadsIn order to calculate the correct generator size you need to determine the total load requirement. Be mindful if using T-4 engines as minimum loads (+30%) need to be maintained.
Assuming typical North American low voltages (600V and below) and 60Hz.
• How many individual loads are there?
• What is the voltage and amperage requirement of each load?
oMulti voltage requirements will most likely require the use of XFOs.
• Are there any special connectors required? Hubble twistlock, C-Form, Joy, NEMA, etc.
2/1/2018
3
Site Layout and Cable Routing• Do you have a site plan? Many larger outdoor events will have a CAD
drawing for specific locations and cable runs.
• If a site plan is not available, a site visit may be required depending on how complex the distribution system is.
• What is the location for each load?
• You need to determine how long each cable run needs to be from the generator.
• Voltage drop could be a concern for longer cable runs. Especially at lower voltages, with smaller gauge cables.
• Generator grounding location and type. Plate or rod, bldg, hydrant, etc.
• Generator placement/parking location. Truck and service access. Minimize cables crossing roads if possible.
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SIR
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oth
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ad G
ate
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A1
A2A3A4
A5A6
A7
A8A9
A10A11
A12
A13
A14A15
A16
A17A18
A19
A20
A21
A22
A23A24
A25A26
A27A28
A29A30A31
A32
A33A34A35
A36A37
A38
A39A40A41
A42
A43A44
A45
A46
A47
A48
A49A50
A51
A52
A53A54
A55
A56
A57A58
A59A60A61
A62
A63
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B11
B12
B13
B14
B15
B16
B17
B18
B19
B20
B21
B22
B28
B29
B30
B31
B32
B33
B34
B35
B36
B37
B38
B39
B40
B41
B42
B43
B44
B45
B46
B47
B48
B49
B50
B59
B60
B61
B62
B63
B64
B65
B66
B67
B68
B69
B70
B71
B72
B73
B74
B75
B76
B77
B78
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C3C4
C5C6
C7C8
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1C1
2C1
3C1
4C1
5C1
6C1
7C1
8C1
9C2
0C2
1C2
2C2
3C2
4C2
5C2
6C2
7C2
8C2
9C3
0C3
1C3
2C3
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C35
C36
C37
C38
C39
C40
C41
C42
C43
C44
C45
C46
C47
C48
C49
C50
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D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
D11
D12
D13
D14
D15
D16
D17
D18
D19
D20
D21
D22
D23
D24
D25
D26
D27
D28
D29
D30
D31
D32
D33
D34
D35
D36
D37
D38
D39
D40
D41
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6' G
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6' G
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No
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ity
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p-of
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arric
ade,
Dro
p-of
f
7x B
arric
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Dro
p-of
f
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POWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWERED POWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWEREDPOWERED
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51
9 C
hu
rch
St
Co
mm
un
ity
Ce
ntr
e
S/S
Woo
d St
Lan
e Re
stric
tions
200'
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t of C
hurc
h St
to M
utua
l St
N/S
Mai
tland
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ane
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rictio
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nge
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na S
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dona
ld S
tO
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ied
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05:
00hr
s Sun
day
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e St
to 1
00' E
ast o
f Yon
ge S
t
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dona
ld S
tRe
stric
ted
Lane
, 05:
00hr
s Sun
day
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e St
to 1
00' E
ast o
f Yon
ge S
t
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ella
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rs F
riday
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t to
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ast o
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t
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s St
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CHURCH ST CHURCH ST
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SHU
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JARVIS ST JARVIS ST
DU
ND
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DALHOUSIE ST
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VICTORIA STREET LANE
MUTUAL ST
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FRA
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VICTORIA ST
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DU
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5' G
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nto E
MS
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ital B
us
40'x
30'
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igh
Note:
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p betw
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ge
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igh
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r
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et-u
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ith sc
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ap35
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10' G
ap
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ap30
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ap
36' G
ap
14' G
ap
NO
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o no
t im
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E4E5
E6E7
E8E9
Gat
e #
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ence
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Side
wal
k
34' G
ap
B23
B24
B25
B26
B27
POWERED
3' E
xtra
FLO
ATS
MA
RCH
ERS
NO
MU
SIC
BEYO
ND
THIS
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INT
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
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TD Waste
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ACC
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TD ATM Vehicle
TD Waste
Disposal
TD Waste
Disposal
TD Waste
Disposal
H20
MER
CH
POWERED
H20
H20
Pri
de
20
16
Gat
e #
3B
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Alex
ande
r St L
ane
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ictio
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utua
l St t
o 60
' Wes
t of M
utua
l St
Alex
ande
r St,
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ch S
t to
130'
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t of M
aitla
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rs-2
2:00
hrs,
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urda
y &
Sun
day
PA
RA
DE
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ley
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ad -
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hic
les
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ly
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dale
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ley
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ley
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ade
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che
r R
egi
stra
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nday
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RA
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che
r m
arsh
allin
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St, C
hu
rch
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RE
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RA
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GE
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& T
TC A
CC
ESS
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RA
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GE
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RA
DE
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GE
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PA
RA
DE
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ER
GE
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PA
RA
DE
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ER
GE
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EH
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AC
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OIN
T
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ST
ED
WA
RD
ST
WA
LTO
N S
TN
O E
XIT
STA
GE
YON
GE
-DU
ND
AS
SQU
AR
E
EMERGENCY ACCESS VIA ST LUKE LANEEMERGENCY ACCESS VIA ST LUKE LANEEMERGENCY ACCESS VIA ST LUKE LANE
EMERGENCY ACCESS VIA ST LUKE LANE
EMERGENCY ACCESS VIA ST NICHOLAS ST
EMERGENCY ACCESS VIA ST NICHOLAS STEMERGENCY ACCESS VIA ST NICHOLAS ST
EXISTI
NG FE
NCE SI
TE V
EHIC
LEPA
RKIN
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STO
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E
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PP
OR
TC
EN
TRE
4x B
arric
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Dro
p-of
f
Hay
den
StFu
ll Cl
osur
e, 1
2:00
hrs S
unda
yYo
nge
St to
100
' eas
t of Y
onge
St
ACCE
SSIB
LE V
IEW
ING
ARE
AM
aitla
nd S
t
Sun
day
ACCE
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LE V
IEW
ING
ARE
ABr
eada
lban
e St
Satu
rday
& S
unda
y
Whe
el T
rans
Dro
p-of
f
ACCE
SSIB
LE V
IEW
ING
ARE
AEd
war
d St
Sund
ay O
nly
Whe
el T
rans
Dro
p-of
f
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ard
StLa
ne O
ccup
atio
n, 0
5:00
hrs S
unda
yYo
nge
St to
100
' wes
t of Y
onge
St
PA
RA
DE
EM
ER
GE
NC
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EH
ICLE
AC
CE
SS P
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T
PA
RA
DE
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GE
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TC A
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ESS
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INT
En
d P
oin
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MA
RC
H
Wel
com
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Info
Cent
re
4x Fence, Set-up on Sidewalk
POWERED
Info
Cen
tre
3x F
ence
, D
rop-
off
Info
Cen
tre
3x F
ence
, D
rop-
off
Info
Cen
tre
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
FAM
ILY PR
IDE
STAG
E
PART
NER
PROG
RAM
FAM
ILY PR
IDE
LOAD
ING
ZONE
WAT
ERPL
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MUR
AL
LOST
CHILD
MEE
TING
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E
FAM
ILYPR
IDE
WEL
COM
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EA
STRO
LLER
PARK
ING
FAM
ILY PR
IDE
LOAD
ING
ZONE
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
INFO
SECU
RITY
SHED
Sun
day
On
ly
120' Concert Barricading
FOH
8x F
ence
, Set
-up
RECY
CLE
GAR
BAG
E
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
60' C
once
rt Ba
rrica
ding
Express Check-in
Check-in
8x B
arric
ade,
Set
-up
10x Barricade, Set-up
76x Barricade, Set-up
45x Barricade, Set-up
20x B
arrica
de, Se
t-up
VEHICLE ACCESS
F6
ENTE
R
ENTE
R
EXIT
ENTE
R
25x
Barr
icad
e, S
et-u
p
CAPA
CITY
1880
SUBW
AYPA
RKIN
G
VIP Riser
TD Waste
Disposal
8x Fence with Screen
Pride Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
Pride Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
Pride Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
Pride Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
Pride Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
Pride Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
Pride Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
Pride Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
Pride Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
Pride Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
Pride Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
Pride Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
RECY
CLE
GAR
BAG
E
Mai
tland
St
Lane
& S
idew
alk
Occ
upat
ion,
05:
00hr
s Sun
day
Yong
e St
to 1
00' e
ast o
f Yon
ge S
t
Elm
St
Lane
Occ
upat
ion,
05:
00hr
s Sun
day
Yong
e St
to 1
00' w
est o
f Yon
ge S
t
Media
Pen
RE
FER
Todd
ler Pl
ayAr
eaPLAY
GROU
ND
E1E2
RISE
R
MER
CH
POWERED
E3E1
0
O'GRAD
YSPati
o Extens
ion
GAR
BAG
E
Obsta
cleCo
urse
PA
RA
DE
STA
GIN
GP
EN
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8x B
arric
ade,
Set
-up
DYKE
MAR
CHM
arsh
alling
Are
a
6x B
arric
ade,
Dro
p-of
f
Mar
cher
s ent
er A
llan G
arde
nsVe
hicles
ente
r tra
ffic
PA
RA
DE
EM
ER
GE
NC
YV
EH
ICLE
AC
CE
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T
4x B
arric
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Dro
p-of
f
MED
IA PE
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Light
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uss
28
3
7
21
26
19
33
20
22
277 33
DU
ND
AS
ST E
FLO
ATS
MA
RCH
ERS
NO
MU
SIC
BEYO
ND
THIS
PO
INT
STA
GE
INFO
SECU
RITY
SHED
ENTE
R
120' Concert Barricading
ENTE
R
SUBW
AYPA
RKIN
G
Yon
ge-D
un
das
Sq
uar
eSa
turd
ay O
nly
13x Barricade, Set-up
REFE
R
CH
AR
LES
ST E
YON
GE
-DU
ND
AS
SQU
AR
E
Satu
rday
On
ly
Info
Cen
tre
3x F
ence
Info
Cen
tre
Acce
ssibi
lity A
rea
2x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
TD Waste
Disposal
1x Fenc
e, Set-u
p
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2/1/2018
4
Determining Final Requirements
• Once total load is calculated and the appropriately sized, generator is selected along with quantity and length of cables to each individual load, you will be able to determine what quantity and type of distribution panels you will need.
• 400A – 1200A I-Line panels to break down larger loads into smaller ones.
• 208V 200A 3PH Panels to break 3PH power into 1PH.
• 120V 50A 1PH panels to break 240V into 110V outlets.
Parallel Units
Parallel units could be required if…
• Your total load exceeds the capacity of a single generator.
• If redundancy is required (healthcare, data centers, other critical power scenarios).
• Live broadcasts will typically required parallel units to guarantee zero downtime or interruption.
• If the generator is required for redundancy or back-up purposes, do you need an ATS (automatic transfer switch)?
2/1/2018
5
Additional Considerations
• Are multiple voltages required? You may want to consider a separate generator instead of a transformer.
• If voltage drop is a concern, you may also need to use a separate generator for that specific load. Be careful if your trying to adjust generator output voltage to correct for V-drop.
• Fuel capacity vs. generator runtime. What refueling schedule is required?
• Keep away from building fresh air intakes or building overhangs.
• For longer rentals, consider PMS schedule.
Size MattersDon’t get caught short
Dave Mansbart, ABLE Equipment Rental, Deer Park, N.Y.
2/1/2018
6
Ohm’s Law
Generator Ratings
• Single-phase vs. three-phase
• What happens when you use the voltage selector switch
• .8 Power factor
Single-phase vs. Three-phase
Single-phase Three-phase
2/1/2018
7
Power Factor
Power Factor – the easy way
Sizing Considerations
• Types of loads
• Power factor
• Voltage drop
• Exhaust temperature
2/1/2018
8
Types of Loads
Resistive Reactive Non-linear
Power Factor
2/1/2018
9
Voltage Drop
Exhaust Temperature
EPA emission tiers Tier 4 engine
So What’s Next…..
2/1/2018
10
Formulas and AMP Chart
Rules of Thumb• Motor starting HP x 2 = kW
• Motor running HP x .74 = kW
• Sequence the largest motor to start first.
• UPS KVA x 3 = kW
• Lighting wattage x 125% = kW
• Tier 4 base load = 40% +/-
2/1/2018
11
Generator Hazards and Best Practices
Sam Castillo, Tates Rents, Boise, Idaho
Shock or Electrocution Hard wiring generators improperly can be deadly
Electricity is the 2nd leading cause of death in construction
_ _, _ _ _ non fatal accidents yearly
_ _ _ fatalities on average yearly due to electrocution
Leading Causes
1. Drilling or cutting through cable
2. Failure to de-energize circuits and follow proper
Lockout/Tag-out procedures
3. Failure to guard live parts from accidental contact
4. Moisture in the working area
5. Ground has failed
6. Fire hazards, weather an Arc Flash or Arc Blast
Shock or Electrocution • Proper PPE
• Make sure that you generator has proper ground rod assembly,
this is a must do!!!
• Always assume the generator has power running through it
• Do a dry run prior to turning on the power
• Check your numbers, make sure the load and all equipment match up
• Make sure you don’t overload generator, this can cause things to overheat
or even catch fire
• Make sure all accessories are connected properly prior to operation,
always check twice
• Make sure that your working area is hazard free
• Make sure all guards for any conductors are in place
2/1/2018
12
Carbon-Monoxide or
Air Contaminants
• Cleanliness plays a huge role
• Make sure all circuits and breakers are working properly and
fail safes are in working order
• Overloading can cause overheating and possible fire
• Always know where your closest fire extinguisher is located
• PPE
Fire Hazards
Noise Decibels
• Knowing output of machine
• Lawn Mower is generally about _______ dB
• In general sounds above _______ dB are harmful
• Make sure if in contained area you know dB levels
• Make sure that all doors on generator are shut while in operation
• If above the dB level of negative exposure, make sure hearing
protection is provided or recommended
2/1/2018
13
Proper Towing
• Make sure all components are right sizes, hitch and ball or pintle hitch is
appropriate size, classified correctly to trailer and hitch towing regulations
• Make sure that towing vehicle is suitable for generator size, make sure to
account for fuel weight…6.9 lbs./gallon of fuel
• Make sure safety chains, pins and latches are all present and in working order
• Make sure that all of your tires are checked and in working order prior to
delivery or will call
• Make sure all door and panels will shut and open without becoming a hazard
while towing
• Like any other trailer make sure that all lights are functional and signals are
clean and in working condition
Use of Safety Accessories
Maintenance
2/1/2018
14
Cleanliness
• Make sure that the machine is clean, most importantly any flammable or
combustible fluids left over from servicing
• Make sure that you use only non combustible cleaners
• Clean and tight connections on generator outlets, make sure they are not too
tight or loose
• Be sure all accessories items are also clean of debris and are in working order
• Make sure you don’t spray water directly on to panels, make sure they are clean
and dry upon rental
Proper Function of Outlets and Breakers
• Make sure that your GFCI outlets actually work by testing prior to rental, there are
several different GFCI testers that make this an easy process
• Along with the outlet check your temp boxes and panels GFCI outlets
• Test breakers and output on all outlets to make sure all circuits will work properly
• Test the load with approved tester according to
manufacturer standards
• Make sure that when testing any outlets proper
PPE is worn
Time for Questions
Sam CastilloTates Rents
Dustin HubertGAL Power Systems
Dave MansbartABLE Equipment Rental