the progress of basic service provision

THE PROGRESS OF BASIC SERVICE PROVISION THE PROGRESS OF BASIC SERVICE PROVISION PERFORMANCE OF PROLIFERATED DISTRICTS PERFORMANCE OF PROLIFERATED DISTRICTS

COMPARED TO OTHERSCOMPARED TO OTHERS(Case Study of Indonesian Central Region: (Case Study of Indonesian Central Region:

Kalimantan and Sulawesi)Kalimantan and Sulawesi) by:by:

Syahrituah Siregar, SE, MASyahrituah Siregar, SE, MAMuzdalifah, SE, M.SiMuzdalifah, SE, M.Si

Hidayatullah Muttaqin, SE, MS Hidayatullah Muttaqin, SE, MS

INTRODUTIONINTRODUTION

• BackgroundBackground The phenomena of local government The phenomena of local government proliferation at provincial and district proliferation at provincial and district levels in Indonesia have also taken place levels in Indonesia have also taken place in Kalimantan and Sulawesi since1999 in Kalimantan and Sulawesi since1999

After more than 10 years of the After more than 10 years of the implementation implementation => people’s welfare and service => people’s welfare and service availability are still in question availability are still in question

• Problem Statements: Problem Statements:

How does the performance of How does the performance of districts by Proliferation Status go in districts by Proliferation Status go in basic service provision after 13 basic service provision after 13 Years of local government Years of local government proliferation in Kalimantan and proliferation in Kalimantan and Sulawesi region? Sulawesi region?

RESEARCH METHOD RESEARCH METHOD

• A descriptive analysis research using A descriptive analysis research using proxies for basic service indicators o proxies for basic service indicators o assess.assess.

• Comparing Ratios and Percentage of Comparing Ratios and Percentage of the availability of public services in the availability of public services in Proliferated Districts to each of Proliferated Districts to each of other categories: Districts of Origin other categories: Districts of Origin and Other Distrits and Other Distrits

• Village Potency (Podes) raw data of Village Potency (Podes) raw data of BPS publication from 1999 to 2011BPS publication from 1999 to 2011

• From village level to districts level in From village level to districts level in KalSulKalSul1999 : 13,774 villages1999 : 13,774 villages2002 : 13,677 villages2002 : 13,677 villages2005 : 14,404 villages2005 : 14,404 villages2008 : 15,904 villages2008 : 15,904 villages2011 : 16.040 villages2011 : 16.040 villages

• Proxy Indicators:Proxy Indicators:

Eduation:Eduation:– Ratio of SD unit per 10,000 Ratio of SD unit per 10,000

Population: (number of SD/total Population: (number of SD/total population) X 10,000population) X 10,000

– Ratio of SLTP unit per 10,000 Ratio of SLTP unit per 10,000 Population: (number of SLTP/total Population: (number of SLTP/total population) X 10,000.population) X 10,000.

– Ratio of SLTA unit per 10,000 Ratio of SLTA unit per 10,000 Population: (number of SLTA/total Population: (number of SLTA/total population) X 10,000.population) X 10,000.


Health :Health :• Percentage of Village having maternity Percentage of Village having maternity

hospitals and hospitals and clinics: number of village clinics: number of village having maternity hospital and clinic/total having maternity hospital and clinic/total number of village.number of village.

• Percentage of Village having community Percentage of Village having community health centers: number of village having health centers: number of village having community health center /total number community health center /total number of village.of village.

• Percentage of Village having sub-Percentage of Village having sub-community health centers: number of community health centers: number of village having sub-community health village having sub-community health center /total number of villagecenter /total number of village


Health :Health :– Percentage of Village having Percentage of Village having

doctors: number of village having doctors: number of village having doctor/total number of villagedoctor/total number of village

– Percentage of Village having Percentage of Village having midwives: number of village midwives: number of village having midwives /total number of having midwives /total number of village village

• Two mean divergence testing using Two mean divergence testing using the statistical the statistical tt test test

[1

2

22

1

21

21

ns

ns

uut

RESULTS AND RESULTS AND DISCUSSION DISCUSSION

• Progress of Regional Government Progress of Regional Government Proliferation in the Borneo and Proliferation in the Borneo and SulawesiSulawesi

• Progress of Basic Service Progress of Basic Service Facilities Provision Performance Facilities Provision Performance in the area of Kalimantan and in the area of Kalimantan and SulawesiSulawesi

A. Educational FacilityA. Educational Facility Provision Provision PerformancePerformance

Figure 1Number of SD Units per 10,000 Population in Kalimantan and

Sulawesi by Districts Status 1999 - 2011

-

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011

Year

Nu

mb

er o

f S

D U

nit

s

All

Proliferated

Origin

Other

Source: data process

The Comparison of SD Ratio The Comparison of SD Ratio Per-10,000 Population by Per-10,000 Population by

Districts Status 1999-2011Districts Status 1999-2011 Districts

Status Proliferated All Origin Other

Average Ratio 9.73 8.80 9.61 7.62

t test value of mean

divergence against

Proliferated District -2.011 0,239 4,587

t(8;0.05) 2.306 2.306 2.306

Figure 2

Number of SLTP Units per-10,000 Population in Kalimantan and Sulawesi by Districts Status 1999 - 2011

-

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011

Year

Nu

mb

er o

f S

LT

P U

nit

s

All

Proliferated

Origin

Other

Source: Data process

The Comparison of SLTP Ratio The Comparison of SLTP Ratio Per-10,000 Population by Districts Per-10,000 Population by Districts

Status 1999-2011Status 1999-2011

Districts Status Proliferated All Origin Other

Average Ratio 1.53 1.31 1.45 1.05


divergence against

Proliferated District -0.861 0.297 2.082

t(8;0.05) 2.306 2.306 2.306

Figure 3

Number of SLTA Units per 10,000 Population in Kalimantan and Sulawesi by District Status 1999-2011

-0.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.90

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011

Year

Nu

mb

er o

f S

LT

A U

nit

s

All

Proliferated

Origin

Other


The Comparison of SLTA Ratio The Comparison of SLTA Ratio Per-10,000 Population by Districts Per-10,000 Population by Districts

Status 1999-2011Status 1999-2011


Average Ratio 0.55 0.51 0.53 0.47


divergence against

Proliferated District -0.428 0.261 0.992

t(8;0.05) 2.306 2.306 2.306

• Progress of Basic Service Progress of Basic Service Facilities Provision Performance Facilities Provision Performance in the area of Kalimantan and in the area of Kalimantan and SulawesiSulawesi

B. Health Facility Provision B. Health Facility Provision PerformancePerformance

Figure 4

Percentage of Hospital Available Villages in Kalimantan and Sulawesi by Districts Status 1999 2011

0.00%

0.50%

1.00%

1.50%

2.00%

2.50%

3.00%

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011

Year

Rat

e

All

Proliferated

Origin

Others


Comparison of Percentage Rate of Comparison of Percentage Rate of Hospital Available Villages by Hospital Available Villages by

Districts Status 1999-2011Districts Status 1999-2011


Average Rate (%) 1.15 1.52 1.02 2,64


divergence against

Proliferated District 3,191 1.164 -11.479

t(8;0.05) 2.306 2.306 2.306

Figure 5

Percentage of Maternity Clinic/Hospital Available Villages in Kalimantan and Sulawesi by Districts Status 1999 - 2011

0.00%0.50%1.00%1.50%2.00%2.50%3.00%3.50%4.00%4.50%

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011

Year

Rat

e

All

Proliferated

Origin

Others


The Comparison of Percentage Rate of The Comparison of Percentage Rate of Maternity Clinic/Hospital Available Maternity Clinic/Hospital Available

Villages by Districts Status 1999-2011Villages by Districts Status 1999-2011


Average Rate (%) 1,00 1.89 1.24 3.83


divergence against

Proliferated District 3.869 -1.067 -12.215

t(8;0.05) 2.306 2.306 2.306

Figure 6

Percentage of Community Health Center Available Villages in Kalimantan and Sulawesi by Districts Status

1999 - 2011

0.00%2.00%4.00%6.00%8.00%

10.00%12.00%14.00%16.00%18.00%

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011

Year

Rat

e

All

Proliferated

Origin

Others


The Comparison of Percentage The Comparison of Percentage Rate of Community Health Center Rate of Community Health Center

Available Villages by Districts Available Villages by Districts Status 1999-2011Status 1999-2011


Average Rate (%) 9.92 11.59 10.53 14.99


divergence against


t(8;0.05) 2.306 2.306 2.306

Figure 7

Percentage of sub-Community Health Center Available Villages in Kalimantan and Sulawesi by District Status 1999 - 2011

0.00%5.00%

10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%35.00%40.00%45.00%

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011

Year

Rat

e

All

Proliferated

Origin

Others


The Comparison of Percentage Rate of The Comparison of Percentage Rate of sub-Community Health Center Available sub-Community Health Center Available

Villages by Districts Status 1999-2011Villages by Districts Status 1999-2011

Districts StatusProliferate

d All Origin Other

Average Rate (%) 35.92 38.20 39.19 39.69

t test value of mean divergence against Proliferated District 1.199 -1.470 -1.988

t(8;0.05) 2.306 2.306 2.306

The Comparison of Percentage The Comparison of Percentage Rate of Medical Doctor Available Rate of Medical Doctor Available Villages by Districts Status 1999-Villages by Districts Status 1999-

20112011 Districts Status Proliferated All Origin Other

Average Rate (%) 11.05 13.75 11.24 20.40

t test value of mean divergence

against Proliferated

District 2.974 -0.218 -8.360

t(8;0.05) 2.306 2.306 2.306

Figure 9

Percentage of Midwife Available Villages in Kalimantan and Sulawesi by Districts Status 1999 - 2011

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011

Year

Rat

e

All

Proliferated

Origin

Others


The Comparison of Percentage The Comparison of Percentage Rate of Midwife Available Villages Rate of Midwife Available Villages

by Districts Status 1999-2011by Districts Status 1999-2011

Districts StatusProliferate

d All Origin Other

Average Rate (%) 41.91 49.33 48.60 59.55


divergence against


t(8;0.05) 2.306 2.306 2.306

CONCLUSION CONCLUSION

• Regional prolifertion in the district and Regional prolifertion in the district and provincial levels also occurred in provincial levels also occurred in Kalimantan and Sulawesi since 1999. Kalimantan and Sulawesi since 1999. Regional prolifertion has an effect on the Regional prolifertion has an effect on the capacity of basic services in many forms. capacity of basic services in many forms. The level of basic services in education in The level of basic services in education in all districts in Kalimantan and Sulawesi in all districts in Kalimantan and Sulawesi in general are still in the standard range of general are still in the standard range of quantity. Meanwhile, in the health sector quantity. Meanwhile, in the health sector under conditions toward Healthy Indonesia under conditions toward Healthy Indonesia 2010 standard, that still needs to be 2010 standard, that still needs to be improved improved

• The existence of splitting the district has made The existence of splitting the district has made the availability of SD over the number of the availability of SD over the number of residents in the District of Origin and residents in the District of Origin and Proliferated Districts better than the Other Proliferated Districts better than the Other District. It is more likely due to population of District. It is more likely due to population of origin and new district is relatively less than origin and new district is relatively less than the number of primary school facilities. the number of primary school facilities. Compared to the standard ratio, units of SD/MI Compared to the standard ratio, units of SD/MI as educational facility has been adequate and as educational facility has been adequate and even exceed the maximum level. Therefore, it is even exceed the maximum level. Therefore, it is normal that the tendency is decreasing in normal that the tendency is decreasing in general. general.

• At the junior and senior high school things were not At the junior and senior high school things were not much different from one to another, wherein the much different from one to another, wherein the average ratio of facilities to the population average ratio of facilities to the population throughout the region are still in the standard range, throughout the region are still in the standard range, but still far below the maximum standard level but still far below the maximum standard level (upper limit). There were no significant differences (upper limit). There were no significant differences between the situation in the Proliferated District, between the situation in the Proliferated District, Districts of Origin, and Other Districts group. Hence, Districts of Origin, and Other Districts group. Hence, the regional proliferations did not cause differences the regional proliferations did not cause differences in performance of the basic service. Problem that in performance of the basic service. Problem that needs fixing is in terms of quality improvement needs fixing is in terms of quality improvement including the reorientation of the expertise available including the reorientation of the expertise available for work through vocational school. for work through vocational school.

•

• In the provision of health services, like In the provision of health services, like Hospitals, Other Districts groups is Hospitals, Other Districts groups is relatively high compared to the others. relatively high compared to the others. This difference is statistically acceptable This difference is statistically acceptable so that it can be said that the performance so that it can be said that the performance of District of Origin and Proliferated of District of Origin and Proliferated Districts is lower. This happens due to the Districts is lower. This happens due to the occurrence of proliferation creating some occurrence of proliferation creating some parts of region do not have or still lack of parts of region do not have or still lack of these facilities these facilities

• A similar situation applies to facilities of A similar situation applies to facilities of Maternity Clinic/Maternity Hospital and Maternity Clinic/Maternity Hospital and Community Health Center. Availability of these Community Health Center. Availability of these facilities was higher in the group of Other facilities was higher in the group of Other Districts, which have nothing to do with Districts, which have nothing to do with proliferation. Therefore, facilities and services proliferation. Therefore, facilities and services for a broader scope than just the service at the for a broader scope than just the service at the village level showed decreased performance due village level showed decreased performance due to the proliferation. New districts have to to the proliferation. New districts have to prepare for a great consolidation of prepare for a great consolidation of procurement. However, if viewed from the procurement. However, if viewed from the overall developments over the range 1999 – overall developments over the range 1999 – 2011, the performance improved in all groups of 2011, the performance improved in all groups of districts due to improvement efforts by all local districts due to improvement efforts by all local governments. governments.

• The performance difference between the The performance difference between the various groups of districts for the provision of various groups of districts for the provision of facilities and personnel patterned spread in facilities and personnel patterned spread in each village, including sub health centers each village, including sub health centers (Pustu), doctors, and midwives in the village, (Pustu), doctors, and midwives in the village, seems to reveal in some ways. The Districts of seems to reveal in some ways. The Districts of Origin is obviously better than Proliferated Origin is obviously better than Proliferated Districts in the provision of Pustu. Progression Districts in the provision of Pustu. Progression in the performance of the Proliferated District in the performance of the Proliferated District from year to year also tends to decline This from year to year also tends to decline This indicates that the Pustu facilities tend to be indicates that the Pustu facilities tend to be included in the area of Districts of Origin that is included in the area of Districts of Origin that is more advanced than the proliferated area. more advanced than the proliferated area.

• Different thing happens in the Different thing happens in the performance of the availability of doctors performance of the availability of doctors in which the Other Districts group is in which the Other Districts group is better than Proliferated and Origin better than Proliferated and Origin Groups. Doctors still have not spread Groups. Doctors still have not spread evenly throughout the village in the evenly throughout the village in the District of the Origin and Proliferated District of the Origin and Proliferated Districts. However, the performance of Districts. However, the performance of the entire region together tends to the entire region together tends to increase from year to year. increase from year to year.

• Similarly, the spread of midwife to the Similarly, the spread of midwife to the village in Other Districts is better in village in Other Districts is better in average. However, through statistical average. However, through statistical tests, differences among all groups were tests, differences among all groups were rejected. Therefore, difference of districts rejected. Therefore, difference of districts in terms of the proliferation status does in terms of the proliferation status does not affect the performance of the not affect the performance of the deployment of midwives. Nevertheless, for deployment of midwives. Nevertheless, for both doctors and midwives, the both doctors and midwives, the performance achieved is still far below the performance achieved is still far below the standards set Towards Indonesia Healthy standards set Towards Indonesia Healthy 2010. 2010.

the progress of basic service provision

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