The Progressive EraWhat kinds of actions can bring about social change?

Child Labor

Henry George’s Quote – Progress and Poverty – 1879.

“Why in the midst of fabulous wealth, should so many Americans be condemned to poverty”

The Origins of Progressivism

Main IdeaPolitical, economic, and social change

in the 19th century America led to broad progressive reforms.

What it Matter NowProgressive reforms such as labor and

voting rights have helped to make life in America what it is today.

Four Goals of Progressivism

Four GoalsOf Progressivism

ProtectingSocial Welfare

YMCASalvation ArmyFlorence Kelly

Illinois Factory Act

Promoting Moral

Improvements

ProhibitionWCTU

Frances WillardCarrie Nation

Creating Economic

Reform

Eugene V. DebsAmerican Socialist

PartyMuckrakers

FosteringEfficiency

Louis D. BrandeisFredrick Winslow

TaylorScientific

Management

Cleaning Up Local Government Reforming Local Government

– 1900- Hurricane in Galveston, TX– TX legislature appointed a 5 member commission to

take over the clean-up. Each member takes charge of a different city depart.

– By 1917- 500 cities adopted what Galveston did.– City Managers were created

City Councils were elected by the people Reform Mayors

– Hazen Pingree (Detroit)- instituted a fairer tax structure, set up work relief.

– Tom Johnson (Cleveland)- dismissing corrupt and greedy private owners of utilities.

Reform at the State/Federal Level

Reform At the

State/Federal Level

Reform Gov.Robert La Follette

James S. Hogg

Working Children

Keating-Owen Act

Limited Working

HoursMuller v Oregon

Reforming ElectionsInitiative,

Referendum,Recall

Direct Election of

Senators17th Amendment

The Origins of Progressivism What were the four goals that

various progressive reform movements struggled to achieve?– Protecting social welfare, promoting

moral reform, creating economic reform, and fostering efficiency.

Cleaning Up Local Government How did government change during

the Progressive Era? How were these changes important?– Government became more responsive to

the people, elections were reformed, Senators directly elected and the public had more voice in law-making. Democracy was expanded.

Women in Public Life

Main IdeaAs a result of social and economic

change, many women entered public life as workers and reformers.

Why it Matters NowWomen won new opportunities in labor

and education that are enjoyed today.

One American’s Story Sussette La Fleshe- 1879, helped

translate for Chief Standing Bear (Ponca tribe) into English.– She testified before Congress and

helped win the passage of the Dawes Act of 1887.

Women in the Work Force

Women Lead Reform Dangerous conditions, low wages, and

long hours led many female industrial workers to push reform.

Three-Part Strategy for Suffrage Convince Legislatures to grant women the

right to vote.– Wyoming-1st (1869)

Pursue Court Cases to test the 14th Amendment and threaten to lose congressional representation. Aren’t women citizens too?– 1875- Supreme Court rule that women were

citizens, but denied them to vote. Push for a constitutional amendment for

women to vote.– 41 years women lobbied to have it.

Final Thoughts Describe the growing presence of

women in the workforce at the turn of the 20th century.

Identify leaders of the woman suffrage movement. Explain how woman suffrage was achieved.

Teddy Roosevelt’sSquare Deal

Main IdeaAs president, Theodore Roosevelt

worked to give citizens a Square Deal through progressive reforms.

Why it Matters NowAs part of his Square Deal, Roosevelt’s

conservation efforts made a permanent impact on environmental

resources.

A Rough-Riding President Controlling Roosevelt

– Gov. of N.Y.– McKinley’s V.P.

Roosevelt’s Rise– Adventurer– Harvard- Boxing and Wrestled– Rough Riders (1898)– San Juan Hill in Cuba

The Modern Presidency– 1901- became president (42 yrs old)– Sportsman– “Bully Pulpit”- influence media, shape legislation– SQUARE DEAL- progressive reforms sponsored by

Roosevelt

Using Federal Power Roosevelt was convinced that modern

America required a powerful federal government.

One American’s Story Upton Sinclair-

muckraker– “The Jungle” (1906)– Exposed the meatpacking

industry in Chicago. Theodore Roosevelt

– Appalled by the account– Promised to help

Health and the Environment

Roosevelt and Civil Rights Roosevelt appointed African

Americans to government positions Invited African Americans to the

White House NAACP- W.E.B. Du Bois

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square DealReview

What scandalous practices did Upton Sinclair expose in his novel The Jungle? How did the American public, Roosevelt, and Congress respond?– Sinclair’s descriptions of the

meatpacking industry’s corrupt practices disgusted both the public and Roosevelt, who pushed Congress to pass the Meat Inspection Act.

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square DealReview

How did Roosevelt earn his reputation as a trustbuster?– Roosevelt filed suits under the Sherman

Anti-Trust Act, thus breaking up some of the trusts. He also ordered the Justice department to sue the Northern Securities Company which, until the Supreme Court dissolved the company, held a monopoly over northwestern railroads.

Progressivism Under Taft

Main IdeaTaft’s ambivalent approach to

progressive reform led to a split in the Republican Party and the loss of the presidency to the Democrats.

Why it Matters NowThird-party candidates continue to wrestle with how to become viable

candidates.

One American’s Story Gifford Pinchot- head of the U.S. Forest

Service under Roosevelt.

Taft Becomes President 1904- Roosevelt pledged not to run for

reelection in 1908. William Howard Taft- Secretary of War under

Roosevelt

Progressivism Under Taft What did Taft do that angered

progressive Republicans?– He agreed to the Payne-Aldrich Tariff,

that raised tariffs and sided with Richard Ballinger, when he removed 1 million acres of forest and mining lands from the reserve list.

The Republican Party Splits Problems within the Party

– Progressives were split on those who sought change and conservatives who did not.

– Taft sides with Joseph Cannon– Cannon ignored progressive bills– Cannon stripped of his power.– Democrats gain control of the House of Rep.

Bull Moose Party– “New Nationalism”– 1912- Roosevelt decides to run again– Progressive Party AKA “Bull Moose Party”

Woodrow Wilson wins because of the split

Democrats Win in 1912 Taft called Roosevelt a “dangerous egotist” Roosevelt called Taft a “fathead” with a

brain of a “guinea pig” The election offered voters several

choices:– Wilson- New Freedom– Roosevelt- Progressivism– Taft’s- Conservatism– Eugene V. Debs- Socialism

Evaluating Both Roosevelt and Taft resorted to

mudslinging during the 1912 presidential campaign. Do you approve or disapprove of negative campaign tactics? Support your answer.

Wilson’s New Freedom

Main IdeaWoodrow Wilson established a strong

reform agenda as a progressive leader.

Why it Matter NowThe passage of the Nineteenth

Amendment during Wilson’s administration granted women the

right to vote

One American’s Story Carrie Chapman Catt- President of the

NWSA

Wilson Wins Financial Reforms Like Roosevelt, Wilson

claimed progressive ideals, but a different idea about federal government.

Wilson’s “New Freedom”

Triple wall of privilege:– Trusts, tariffs, high

finance

A New Tax System Wilson worked to lower tariffs, to control

big business. Underwood Act- lower tariffs for the 1st

time since the Civil War.

Women Win Suffrage Women push for the right to vote Three developments made it possible:

– Increase activism– Built enthusiasm for the movement– Rebirth of movement under Carrie Chatman

Catt

Women Win Suffrage By 1912, only 5 states had suffrage for

women Local Suffrage Battles

– Educated women– Used door-to-door campaign– Women go to England– Emmeline Pankhurst- British suffragist

Catt and the National Movement– Carrie Chapman Catt-1900-1904 (NWSA)– Five tactics of Catt

Five Tactics of Catt

Catt & National Movement Lucy Burns & Alice Paul

– National Women’s Party 1919- 19th Amendment

– 72 years after women meet.

The Limits of Progressivism Wilson wouldn’t support social reform as

much. Wilson and Civil Rights

– Wilson retreated once in the White House on civil rights.

– He appointed Southerners who extended segregation.

The Twilight of Progressivism– War in Europe would put progressive ideas on

hold.

Final Thoughts How did the Clayton Antitrust Act benefit labor?

– It recognized the legality of labor unions, strikes, peaceful picketing, boycotts, and strike benefits; it limited the use of injunctions in court disputes.

Cite two examples of social welfare legislation that Wilson opposed during his presidency and the arguments he used to defend his position.– Child labor laws, because he felt they were

unconstitutional; federal antilynching laws, because he believed such crimes fell under state jurisdictions.