THE PROGRESSIVE ERAU.S. History I

Mr. Calella

Do Now What types of problems were affecting

people in the late 1800s and early 1900s? What do you think some possible

solutions could be for these problems? What do all of the solutions have in

common? What does “progressive” mean?

Watch Video Clip[ The Progressive Movement

4 Goals of the Progressive Era1. Protecting Social Welfare (help the poor;

YMCA)2. Promoting Moral Improvement (Prohibition)

18th Am in 1919; ended with 21st Am in 19333. Economic Reform (regulate against

monopolies)MUCKRAKERS: journalists who wrote about the corruption/graft in big business and government (Standard Oil/Rockefeller)

*Why were they so effective in making change?

4. Promoting Efficiency (make workplace safer and more efficient)

Enforcement of Prohibition

End of Prohibition

Reform in Government REVIEW: Why was reform needed in

city government? Reform of State Government

Progressive state governors: cleaned up corruption; regulated big business in their states, such as railroad companies

Child labor: state laws passed banning it

Limit work day: state laws passed because of worker safety issues

Children Mine Workers

Children Textile Workers

The People Make Reform Initiative: bill originated by the

people rather than the legislative branch

Referendum: vote on the initiative (pass or fail)

Recall: voters can use this type of vote to force an elected politician to face election before the end of his/her term

17th Amendment Before: state legislatures chose the

two Senators who would represent the people of that state in the U.S. Senator in Washington, D.C.For example, the New Jersey State

Legislature (Senate Assembly and the State Senate) would choose NJ’s 2 Senators

After: Popular vote (people choose)

Watch Video Clip Progressive Women’s Movements

Women in the Workplace Women laborers worked on farms

and in factories (“sweatshops” in garment industry)

Women got high school degrees and became bookkeepers and typists

Women domestic workers (many of whom were Irish immigrants) for middle and upper class families

Women working in sweatshop

Women and Reform Suffrage: right to vote 19th Amendment: 1920,

women granted suffrage Short video segment on the

Progressive Era

Women’s Suffrage March

The Jungle The Jungle: 1906 novel by Upton Sinclair,

a muckraker journalist, about the sickening conditions of the early 1900s meatpacking industry. Page 523, excerpt from the novel

After reading the novel, President Teddy Roosevelt, a Progressive, vowed to “clean up” the industry. REVIEW: What is a Progressive?

Watch Video Clip Theodore Roosevelt

Teddy Roosevelt President McKinley assassinated 6

months into his 2nd term and Vice President Roosevelt becomes President; youngest at 42

“Man’s man” 44 of his books get published Hero in the Spanish American War at the

Battle of San Juan Hill in Cuba He saw the presidency as a Bully Pulpit,

or a position where he could influence the public to get reform legislation passed.

Roosevelt (continued) TR was a “trustbuster”

REVIEW: What is a trust? He directed government attorneys to use the

Sherman Anti-Trust to sue companies involved in trusts

Why is this a progressive measure? He help to end the 1902 Coal Strike. This act help

set the precedent that if a labor strike threatened national security, the government would intervene Why Progressive?

He used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate RRs. Why Progressive? How were RRs hurting people?

Roosevelt (continued) Meat Inspection Act: TR kept his promise

to Upton Sinclair; he helped to pass this Act which set up strict cleanliness requirements for the meatpacking industry.

1906 Pure Food and Drug Act: TR helped to pass this Act; food and drugs had to have truthful labels (before Act, lots of “snake oil” on market and children’s medicine filled with alcohol, cocaine, opium)

Conservation: What is it? Help set up national forest reserve

Limits of the Progressivism Who was left out? Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Jim Crow laws in south De jure discrimination in South and de

facto discrimination in North Progressives do not do enough to remedy

situation SHOW VIDEO CLIP!!!