the progressive rancher march 2015

NCA 2009 President’s

Award Recipient

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The Progressive RancherOwner/Editor/Publisher – Leana Stitzel

[email protected] Design/Layout/Production – Julie Eardley

[email protected]

Published 9 times each year, The Progressive Rancher is mailed to more than 7,000 approved addresses, and has digital and print readership reaching more than 30,000.

The Progressive Rancher is published monthly. The views and opinions expressed by writers of articles appearing in this publication are not necessarily those of the editor. Letters of opinion are welcomed by The Progressive Rancher.Rates for advertising are available upon request. Advertising in The Progressive Rancher does not necessarily imply editorial endorsement. Liability for any errors or omissions in advertisements shall not exceed the cost of the space occupied by the error or omission.The Progressive Rancher is free to people working and active in the livestock industry. The Progressive Rancher is donated to the agricultural industry. If you are not currently receiving this magazine on a regular basis, and would like to be a part of The Progressive Rancher family, contact us by e-mail at [email protected], today, so we can include you on our mailing list. If you have moved or changed addresses, please notify us, by e-mail, so we can keep you informed. All requests for the magazine must be made by e-mail.

Leana Stitzel, Owner/Editor1188 Court St., #81, Elko, NV 89801

(208) 733-1828 • [email protected]

Cover Photo: by Rita ArmstrongFallon Bull Sale Committee Chair Chris Gansberg participates as the gatekeeper

during the Friday morning Sifting and Grading operation.

WWW.PROGRESSIVERANCHER.COM

In this Issue...Nevada Cattlemen’s Assn. ....pgs. 3-4

NRRC ....................................... pgs. 8

Eye on the Outside ................... pg. 10

NV CattleWomen ..................... pg. 13

Nv CattleWomen Beef Ambassador ..................... pg. 13

Talking About NCBA .............. pg. 15

Nevada Farm Bureau .........pgs. 16-17

Fumes from the Farm ................ pg 18

In the Mind of a Millennial...... pg. 19

Beef Checkoff .................... pgs. 20-21

Churchill FFA ............................ pg.22

Solving the Puzzle of Foothill Abortion ............... pgs. 24-25

Fertility Ranking ....................... pg.27

Water in Nevada: Drought Alert ........................... pg. 28

Report to the PLC on Listening Sessions ...... pgs. 30-33

Coloring Page ........................... pg. 34

NV SRM: Wildfire ........ pgs. 36 & 37

NV Priority Weeds: Canada Thistle................... pgs. 41-43

HWCWMA: Halogeton ...........pg. 44

HWCWMA: Rush Skeleton..... pg. 45

Rambling of a Ranch Wife ......pg. 46

Edward Jones ............................ pg. 47

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The Progressive Rancher www.progressiverancher.com 2 March 2015

Ron Torell, President Nevada Cattlemen’s Association

RIDING FOR THE NCA BRAND

Budgeting for StewardshipIt is often said that there are no better stewards of the land than ag-

riculturists. With stewardship comes the responsibility of managing your property in the interest of long-term sustainability. At the end of your ranching career when you turn your operation over to the next generation will your ranch and land be in better shape than when you took over manage-ment and/or ownership? Have you always had good stewardship of the land in mind when it comes to the management of your ranch? Do you treat and man-age the land, your neighbors and employees, both the two and four legged, with integrity, respect and dignity? In this issue of Riding for the NCA Brand let’s talk about how we might budget for the infrastructure maintenance of our ranches in order to become better long-term stewards of the land.

The year 2014 went down on record as perhaps the most profitable in history for many livestock operations. In 2015 record high prices for our product - BEEF - is expected to match last year’s level. No matter how good the year is there never seems to be enough money to cover both the prioritized needs that are necessary to keep our operation afloat along with the short-term wish list items that we desire. Often when we go without for a period of time we confuse wants with needs. During the good times we spend as if there is never going to be another bad day in agriculture. This is contrary to what experience has taught us. History proves that when the market goes up it eventually comes back down. Following a financial plan and spending money on infrastructure maintenance while putting a little cash away for a rainy day may ultimately be wiser than splurging on instant gratification, short-term, mouth-watering wants.

Good budgeting skills, discipline and sacrifice are paramount to long-term sustainability. Given that thought, the best budgetary line item investment you could make might very well be in the form of stewardship. We need to seriously consider the upkeep of irrigation ditches, rangeland restoration and water develop-ment, along with the maintenance of fences, corals, gates, trucks, trailers, tractors, haying equipment and outbuildings. Without a functional infrastructure in place we cannot effectively heed good stewardship practices.

Take weed control for example. We have all seen ranches that have deferred these costs to the point where the weeds have literally taken over the ranch. What once could have been taken care of with minimal cost and little effort when the weed patches were small is now a huge budgetary expense. Noxious and invasive weeds and grasses such as leafy spurge, medusahead, knapweeds, thistles and cheatgrass are easily the biggest threats to healthy habitats for livestock and wild-life. The inability to control noxious and invasive weeds compromises sound man-agement practices that result in reduced production, lower profits, and additional loss of infrastructure. It is a spiraling situation that can easily get out of control.

Ranch infrastructure is the underlining foundation and basic framework of any operation. The visual appearance of the entire ranch including its house, yard, shop, and corrals, shows pride of ownership and is a reflection of not only the financial standing of the ranch but also its management style. Maintenance of a ranch’s infrastructure saves thousands of dollars compared to putting off these costs until another time. Postponing these expenses for too long usually ends with an overwhelming task leaving some powerless to catch up. Some managers who continually defer these costs and allow them to get out of hand have a tendency to give up. The condition and appearance of their poorly maintained ranch and

property is a reflection of their apathy to the situation. The long-term cost of not maintaining ranch infrastructure on an annual basis is too great not to budget for.

Matching funds through land owner incentive programs (LIP) offered through the United States Fish and Wildlife Services (USFWS), Nevada Depart-ment of Wildlife (NDOW), Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), Ne-vada Department of Agriculture (NDA) and others, are worth investigating. This is a way to double down with your budgeted stewardship dollars. Yes, there are strings at-tached to many of these cooperative efforts but these strings are often no more than filling out paperwork, reporting on your efforts, and submitting bills for reimbursement. These efforts may be worth the payoff by optimiz-ing your production, increasing your bottom line, and improving the habitat upon which your operation depends. Your time is worth money: if you see a financial benefit through working with these agencies then maybe your time will be well spent. Some landown-ers fear that accepting technical or financial assistance is giving away their ability to manage their own land as they see fit or that it gives agencies the right to access their prop-erty without their permission. You are in the driver’s seat when it comes to any cooperative agreement for assistance: if you don’t like it, don’t sign it! Several of your neighbors who have taken advantage of these programs have come to realize that this is a win/win situation for all parties, including betterment of the land. See side bar story, on page 7, describing the various land owner incentive programs that are available. I encourage you to contact these agencies for further details.

When all is said and done, the ability to stay focused on the big picture is paramount. Making short-term financial sacrifices while adhering to sound budgeting practices will result in long-term success. In doing so you will be able to answer “yes” to the questions posed at the beginning of this article.

The Nevada Cattlemen’s Association’s mission continues to be to promote, preserve and protect a dynamic and profitable Nevada beef industry. Should you like to visit with NCA staff or leadership feel free to contact NCA at 775-738-9214 or my NCA e-mail ad-dress [email protected]

The Progressive Rancherwww.progressiverancher.com March 2015 3

By Stephanie Licht, Nevada Cattlemen’s Association Executive Director

When the last Valentine’s Day gavel fell, 72 high quality Angus, Charolais, Hereford and Murray Grey Long Yearling and 2 Year Old Bulls brought

a whopping total of $411,500.00, with a Sale Average of $5,715.00 “across the board”.Breed Averages included: 48 Angus for $6,218.00; 5 Charolais for $4,250.00; 17

Herefords for $4,856.00; and 2 Murray Greys for $4,625.00. Twenty-two bulls were 17 to 19 months bringing an average of $5,943.00, while fifty, 21 to 25 month old bulls brought an average of $5,615.00.

Ed and Josh Amador of Amador Angus received $8,100.00 for the High Selling

Bull of this year’s sale, purchased by Emilio Collado of Bishop, CA.John Keithley of Pinenut Livestock Supply in Fallon, NV spon-

sored the Award Hats, Plaques and also the 2015 FBS Official Lot Number Ear Tags which are awarded each Best of Breed (for which there are two or more consignments) and the Top Overall Range Bull.

David Holden of Westwind Ranch Angus had both the TOP Overall Range Bull and the Best Angus of the sale all rolled into one, which was purchased by Maureen Weishaupt for $7,000.00.

Dan and Teresa Daniels of the Daniels Hereford Ranch bull was judged Best Hereford taken home by Bret Selman for $5,000.00; Jerry and Sherry Maltby of the Broken Box Ranch were awarded the Best Charolais purchased by Pete Delmue for $4,750.00. Mike and Gaylene Lowry of the 7 Lazy 11 Ranch had the Best Murray Grey selling to Kent Pascoe for $4,750.

Mickey Jarvis of Bishop, California was tied with the Jackson Ranch, Gerlach, NV for the Volume Buyers’ Award for number of bulls purchased at seven bulls apiece. However, Mickey Jarvis’ seven bulls were priced in the “Few Dollars More” category to also rank as the Volume Buyer Sales Award. Each will receive a specially embroidered Jacket in appreciation for their participation in the 2015 Fallon Bull Sale.

Bernard Petersen and Bruno Bowles of the Great Basin Ranch/Southern Nevada Water Authority were the sponsors of the yearling 2015 Angus Replacement Heifer “Raffle Calf” which was won by Mike Merkley of Fallon, NV. Larry Lester of Hoof-Beat Gates and Corrals again sponsored four 12’ panels as the Raffle Calf Display, which were won by to Todd Moretto. This year the Raffle raised $3,520.00 which is split equally to benefit both the Churchill County FFA and the Nevada Cattle-men’s Association’s Scholarship Funds. Raffle Tickets were sponsored by Jeff’s Digitex Printing of Fallon, NV.

To lend support to the work of the Nevada Cattlemen’s Association, Ed and Carlene Amador brought the Valentine’s Day Spirit alive with their donation of one-pound of “Mrs. Mary See’s” delicious chocolates that went to someone’s special Valentine after being resold three times to raise $145.

Stix Cattle Company sponsored the “Dues/Donation Calf” which was resold 20 times bringing in an additional $7,650.00.

Each year Billy Lewis and Gaylene Hybarger organize the Invita-

49th Fallon Bull Sale A Sensational Success!By Stephanie Licht, Sale Secretary

Left: Dan and Teresa Daniels, Daniels Hereford Ranch accepting the awards from FBS Committee Vice Chair Tom Armstrong (right), at the 2015 Fallon Bull Sale Awards presented on Friday, February 13, at the Fallon Convention Center.

The Red Bull was judged Best Hereford of the 2015 Fallon Bull Sale, and was consigned by Dan and Teresa Daniels, and was purchased by Bret Selman of Tremonton, UT for $5,000.00.


Right: Pictured at the 2015 Fallon Bull Sale Awards presented on Friday, February 13, at the Fallon Convention Center, are David J Holden (right) of Westwind Ranch Angus accepting the award for Top Overall Range Bull from FBS Committee Vice Chair Tom Armstrong. David J Holden of Westwind Ranch Angus was also presented with the award for Best Angus.

Below: The Black Bull was judged both Top Range Bull Overall, and Best Angus of the 2015 Fallon Bull Sale, and was consigned by David J. Holden’s Westwind Ranch Angus located in Oroville, CA, and was purchased by Maureen Weishaupt of Fallon, NV for $7,000.00.

Above: Pictured at the 2015 Fallon Bull Sale Awards presented on Friday, February 13, at the Fallon Convention Center, are Jerry Maltby (right) of the Broken Box Ranch accepting the award for Best Charolais from FBS Committee Vice Chair Tom Armstrong (left).

tional Stock Dog Trials and Auction, proceeds going to benefit a family’s fight against cancer. Two started Stock Dogs brought $6,000.00 through that event and auction to assist a deserving Oregon family.

The hardworking Fallon Bull Sale Committee, chaired by Chris Gansberg, and the Nevada Cattlemen’s Association know that the heart of every sale lies in the quality livestock brought and presented by consignors in some cases from several generations, and a “Sale” is impossible without the backing of the many, many loyal and first time buyers who have made the FBS what it has become over 49 years. There are not words in any language sufficient to express the depth of gratitude both the FBS Committee and the NCA hold for the dedicated consignors and buyers who have and continue to support this Bull Sale.

There are innumerable sponsors who contribute in some way: Nevada’s resident livestock industry trade publications The Nevada Rancher and The Progressive Rancher, our cooperating hotel/motels: Bonanza/Super 8, Comfort Inn and Holiday Inn Express; the Fallon Convention & Tourism Authority Governing Board and the Fallon Convention Center Staff, Rick Gray and Candy Dolan.

Nor is there any way to repay even a small portion of the time, efforts, talents and dedication of the dozens, and dozens of volunteers who work tirelessly to organize, produce and carry out the Fallon Bull Sale: Churchill County FFA Advisor and Ag Teacher Kristine Moore, her FFA Chapter members, the members of the Sifting & Grading Committees and Sale Vet, the dedicated Brand Inspectors, the Fallon Livestock Exchange and their many staff up-front and outback, Auctioneers Eric Duarte and Monte Bruck, the Ringmen from Hereford & Angus Associations and Western Livestock Journal, the Nevada Cattlemen’s Association Officers and Staff; the Churchill County CattleWomen… and many other unsung heroes.

Thank you everyone who has touched the 49th Fallon All-Breeds Bull Sale in some way. We look forward to the 2016 Sale which will be the 50th! See you next year on the third Saturday, February 20, 2016!

Photos by Rita Armstrong


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WATCH & LISTEN TO THE SALE on the Web at:

UPCOMING SALES

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Funding and Technical Assistance to Maximize

Your Potential !Connie Lee- Nevada Department of Wildlife - Private Lands Coordinator

Numerous agencies and organizations can provide you with design and/or funding assistance for your habitat enhancement and infrastruc-

ture projects. Sometimes the project might be only an idea, or you might have the whole thing planned out and just need some advice or additional financial support to make it a reality. Projects that help manage livestock distribution, such as troughs and pipelines and wildlife friendly fencing are often eligible for funding through various government cost share programs. Projects that seek to reestablish native sagebrush/grasslands/ meadow habitats protect or enhance fragile streams or springs, or reduce noxious weeds will rank high for most funders. Any project that has a benefit to sage grouse will typically rank very high for priority funding.

Sometimes the biggest challenge for ranchers is figuring out how to do a project on their public land allotment; getting through the “red tape” that surrounds these projects can be daunting. Maybe you just want a project on your private ground, and don’t really know who to contact for help. With recent activities surrounding sage grouse conservation efforts in the Great Basin, there is an incredible array of technical support and funding available through your local Conservation District (CD), Pheasants Forever shared positions, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW), Nevada Department of Ag-riculture, your local grazing boards, and many other agencies and organizations. This funding and technical support is usually available for both private and public ground. The challenge might be in figuring out whom to call for what activity!

Call whoever you feel comfortable talking with about your project idea, be it your local NRCS or NDOW office, Dept of Agriculture, your neighbor, or your lo-cal Conservation District. If you need more information or assistance with any of the funding programs or agency opportunities, I would be happy to help you in any way I can. Please feel free to call me (Connie Lee) at 775.777.2392.

Just like the commercial says…” there is help out there”, but you have to take the first step!

Nevada Division of Water Resources Measuring Water

Levels in Nevada Wells March through April

CARSON CITY, Nev. – Beginning the first week of March and con-tinuing into April, staff from the Nevada Division of Water Resources, Of-fice of the State Engineer, will be measuring groundwater levels in wells throughout various hydrographic basins in the state.

The data collection is part of an ongoing effort to assess hydrologic conditions throughout Nevada. Division staff will be measuring water levels primarily in irrigation and stock wells.

Contact Mark Beutner at 775-684-2821 for more information.Water level measurements may be reviewed at www.water.nv.gov.


Nevada RanchersCaretakers of ourRangelands

Nevada Rangeland Resources Commission was created bythe State of Nevada to promote responsible public land grazing. Representatives come from Nevada state grazing boards, Nevada

Woolgrowers, Nevada Farm Bureau, and Nevada Cattlemen’s Association.

4780 East Idaho Steet, Elko, NV 89801 • 775-738-4082WWW.NEVADARANGELANDS.ORG

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herds move to a new range.

Antelope and other game animals and birds take advantage of the

improvements made by ranchers.

This ad is funded through the NRRC’s assessment of 10 cents an AUM paid by public land ranchers.

Nevada Rangeland Resources Commission

by Rachel Buzzetti, Executive Director

With the understanding that it is crucial that Nevada’s younger generation develop a better appreciation of Nevada’s farming and

ranching industry, the NRRC funded, in 2014, the development of an edu-cational series to be made available to Nevada’s teachers and their students. Rama Paris, NRRC Commission member and long time educator served as advisor on the project .

Utilizing the footage from the four award winning “Stewards of the Range-land” documentaries, KNPB and Golden Productions were able to cost effectively develop 5 short video clips appropriate for grades 7-8. KNPB’s Learning Media Coordinator, Karen Karst-Hoskins, then developed the support materials for the videos to insure they were aligned to the Nevada Social Studies Standards and Common Core Standards for literacy in History/Social Studies. Additionally, each clip included a teacher background essay, student informational reading, graphic organizers and images where appropriate.

All the clips included the option for students to engage in debate and Socratic Seminar Discussions and required them to write an argumentative piece stating their position on the essential question.

Three of the video clips, developed from the documentary “Rangeland Water” explored the essential question, “Should Southern Nevada be allowed to access water from Central and Eastern Nevada to fuel their growth?”

Two of the video educational units developed from the NRRC documentary “The Endangered West” asked the essential question “Should the greater sage grouse be listed as an endangered species?”

All of the video clips and teacher support materials are available through KNPB Learning Media. org site. The Reno based PPBS affiliate has already pro-vided over 35,000 video and audio lesson materials for the classroom.

The “Stewards of the Rangeland” videos are available at: knpb.org/teacher_re-sources/learning media/Nevada_resources.

Case of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Found in NevadaSPARKS, Nev- The Nevada Department of Agriculture (NDA) confirms the

first case of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) was found in Nevada. HPAI is a virus that is highly contagious among birds, and can be deadly to them. This strain (H5N8) has not been shown to cause any human infection.

The infected bird was a female mallard found in Lincoln County on January 23, 2015. The bird was then taken to the California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory, where it tested positive for HPAI.

NDA will be working with the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) to monitor the situ-ation. HPAI was confirmed in a commercial turkey flock in California, other cases were reported in Oregon, Washington and Idaho.

“So far this is an isolated case,” said Nevada State Veterinarian Michael Greenlee. “If commercial poultry producers or bird owners are concerned about the possible spread to domestic foul, they need to take the proper steps to limit exposure. Prevent contact between their birds and wild birds.”

If you see a sick bird or an unusual bird death, contact officials immediately. If contact occurs, wash hands with soap and water, and change clothing before having any contact with healthy domestic poultry and birds.

HPAI would have significant economic impacts if detected in U.S. domestic poultry. Commercial poultry producers should follow strict biosecurity practices and raise their birds in very controlled environments.

Call USDA’s toll-free number at 1-866-536-7593 if there is concern about sick or dying birds. Biosecurity practices for backyard flocks can be found at healthy-birds.aphis.usda.gov.


Sales Results from

FEBRUARY 19TH 2015REGULAR BUTCHER COW AND BULL SALE

Seller City # Head Desc. Type Weight Price CWT

Steve & Glenda Medlin and Branton Genco

Alamo 2 MIX STR 402 $272.50

David Piquet Winnemucca 6 MIX STR 523 $270.00

D/4 Enterprises Alamo 56 BLK STR 553 $269.00

Brian Bill Austin 1 BBF STR 505 $265.00

Chris Utter Fallon 3 MIX STR 410 $260.00

Robert Steele Alamo 2 MIX STR 395 $255.00

James and Bethany Thompson

Winnemucca 13 MIX STR 499 $251.00

6J Livestock McGill 13 BLK STR 630 $246.00

Five Fingers Grazing LLC Paradise Vly 67 MIX STR 645 $245.00

Fidel Carricaburu Battle Mtn 2 BLK STR 645 $234.00

Five Fingers Grazing LLC Paradise Vly 9 MIX STR 728 $223.00

Star Bar Cattle Yerington 2 BLK STR 685 $219.00

David Piquet Winnemucca 10 BLK STR 722 $217.50

Peraldo Brothers Fallon 2 BLK STR 665 $216.00

Tami Medlin Alamo 1 BLK STR 723 $214.00


Alamo 3 BLK STR 722 $214.00

Kenny Smith Winnemucca 4 BLK STR 725 $213.00

Michael Laca Fallon 7 MIX STR 836 $192.50

Raul Santos Fallon 2 BLK Bull Calf 825 $175.00

Henry and Deann Mcerquiaga

Orovada 1 `BLK HFR 260 $331.00

3 J Cattle Co Caliente 3 MIX HFR 355 $297.50

Tom Inglis Fallon 2 BLK HFR 385 $292.00

Juniper Mountain Fallon 31 MIX HFR 433 $288.00

Shane Mathews Panaca 16 BLK HFR 451 $288.00

William Jay Gandolfo Austin 54 BLK HFR 423 $282.00


Winnemucca 9 MIX HFR 430 $281.00

Robert and Daniel Gordon Winnemucca 11 MIX HFR 447 $281.00

Peter and Kathi Marvel Paradise Vly 8 BLK HFR 410 $280.00

Jim Champie Jr Austin 10 MIX HFR 406 $280.00

Monte Wadsworth Hiko 11 MIX HFR 471 $280.00

Jake and Lydia Dempsey Winnemucca 2 MIX HFR 388 $275.00

Square 1 Cattle Jordan Valley 9 BLK HFR 447 $270.00

Tony Zunino Spring Creek 2 MIX HFR 425 $262.50


Winnemucca 14 BLK HFR 577 $249.50

Five Fingers Grazing LLC Paradise Vly 35 MIX HFR 563 $246.50

Shane Mathews Panaca 33 MIX HFR 532 $246.00

Joseph and Camma Marvel

Winnemucca 14 BLK HFR 558 $245.00

Star Bar Cattle Yerington 3 MIX HFR 550 $242.00

Calvin and Billie Sample Lovelock 2 RED HFR 560 $231.00

Five Fingers Grazing LLC Paradise Vly 34 MIX HFR 636 $225.50

TJ Shippy Elko 6 BLK HFR 618 $214.00

Dryer Ranch S.V Wellington 5 BLK HFR 606 $210.00

Calvin and Billie Sample Lovelock 28 RED HFR 697 $210.00

Selmi Brothers Livestock Carson City 2 RED HFR 680 $200.00

Selmi Brothers Livestock Carson City 2 BLK HFR 603 $200.00

Hanes and Mary Alice Holman

Tuscarora 1 RBF HFR 640 $192.50

Kenny Smith Winnemucca 5 MIX HFR 735 $191.00

Home Ranch LLC Orovada 2 CHAR HFR 818 $180.00

We have 4 cattle trains available for your cattle

hauling needs.We can haul approx. 80,000# of cattle

per load either to our sale or in the country. Give us a call for pricing.

TO ALL OF OUR

CONSIGNORS & BUYERS

NEXTFeederSALEin conjunction with our

Regular Wednesday Sale

CaféOpen on Sale Days

Stop by and have a Homestyle Burger

Sales Results from

FEBRUARY 19TH 2015REGULAR BUTCHER COW AND BULL SALE

Seller City # Head Desc. Type Weight Price CWT

Marvin Casey Denio 2 BRED Summer Calving HFRS

3,800.00 HD

Juniper Mountain Fallon 1 Pair 5 Yrs Old 1135 2875.00 HD

Juniper Mountain Fallon 1 Pair 8 Yrs Old 1535 2,775.00 HD

Juniper Mountain Fallon 16 BRED 3 Yrs Old 1018 2,600.00 HD

Juniper Mountain Fallon 6 Pair Brkn Mth Short Solid

2,450.00 HD

Brian Bill Austin 3 MIX PRS

BRKN MTH X Bred 2,000.00 HD

Jim Champie Jr Austin 1 BLK PRS

1st calf hfr 250# Calf

2000.00 HD

Robert Parlasca Reno 8 BLK STR 348 $378.00

Jim Champie Jr Austin 10 MIX STR 423 $351.00

D/4 Enterprises Alamo 20 MIX STR 412 $347.00

Monte Wadsworth Hiko 13 MIX STR 409 $345.00

Matt Hoekenga Fallon 3 MIX STR 442 $342.00

Robert and Daniel Gordon Winnemucca 8 MIX STR 446 $341.00

Harry Brown Family Trust Austin 8 MIX STR 453 $339.00

Fred, John, Mary, Nick Etchegaray

Eureka 4 BLK STR 449 $337.50

Peter and Kathi Marvel Paradise Vly 4 BLK STR 428 $337.00

3 J Cattle Co Caliente 12 MIX STR 450 $336.00

William Jay Gandolfo Austin 34 BLK STR 435 $336.00

Shane Mathews Panaca 15 MIX STR 439 $331.00

Juniper Mountain Fallon 25 MIX STR 468 $323.00

Ray Hardy Lovelock 3 BLK STR 423 $323.00

Cross L Ranch LLC Tonopah 2 BLK STR 470 $320.00

D/4 Enterprises Alamo 61 MIX STR 475 $318.50

Windy R Ranch Wahoe Valley 4 BLK STR 333 $315.00

Gene Heckman Winnemucca 16 MIX STR 449 $315.00

Randall Emm Schruz 1 BLK STR 455 $310.00

Erin Cross Fallon 3 BLK STR 453 $309.00

Kiel and Sons Lovelock 2 BLK STR 358 $305.00

Dan and Latrice Whitmore Tonopah 7 MIX STR 368 $305.00

Tom Inglis Fallon 4 BBF STR 475 $303.00


Winnemucca 13 MIX STR 496 $302.00

Square 1 Cattle Jordan Valley 7 MIX STR 516 $300.00

Square 1 Cattle Jordan Valley 4 BLK STR 415 $300.00

William Jay Gandolfo Austin 25 MIX STR 436 $299.00

John Ugalde Orovada 4 BLK STR 508 $297.50

Gene Heckman Winnemucca 23 MIX STR 533 $293.00

William Jay Gandolfo Austin 56 BLK STR 512 $292.00



Alamo 6 BLK STR 543 $289.00

George and Linda Hucke Fallon 3 BLK STR 433 $287.50

Fred, John, Mary, Nick Etchegaray

Eureka 10 BLK STR 560 $287.00

Bruce Estes Reno 1 BLK STR 520 $285.00


Kenneth Marshall Logandale 2 MIX STR 485 $280.00

Julie Lamb Alamo 1 BLK STR 447 $280.00

Shane Mathews Panaca 37 MIX STR 554 $276.00

George and Linda Hucke Fallon 4 BLK STR 588 $273.00

Full-Service Cattle Sales & Marketing serving the Fallon, Nevada and Outlying Areas.

OFFICE: 775-423-7760JACK PAYNE Cell: 775-217-9273

Alt: 775-225-8889

Email: [email protected]

Small Barn at 10:30 AM

Butcher Cows at 11:30 AM

Feeder Cattle at 1:00 PM

SALEEvery Wednesday

Thursday, March 19th


This will be more like “eye on the inside” this month. I just returned from the Nevada Cattlemen’s 49th an-

nual Fallon bull sale as I am sure many of you did too. The sale reflected the current market for cattle all across the nation. The showing was a strong quality set of bulls and the prices were high. In fact, I have no proof of this but I would not be surprised if this was not a record sale for the Association.

Another thing struck me profoundly which I commented about to my friend sitting next to me. We were bidding on bulls whose age ranged from seventeen to twenty four months. The size, depth, bone and general phenotype of all of the bulls for the most part was exceptional. These were really young bulls compared to those on the market 49 years ago and for any type operation there was a bull that could do the job it was bred for. The genetic advancements and our ability to assess those advancements over the last 50 years have been great enough to stagger the imagination.

The American cattle breeder has done an amazing job in creating cattle that are more efficient, more consistent in producing a final product consumers want to eat, and doing so in a way that protects and sustains the environment for future generations. What we do not do is a good job in telling the rest of the world how well we are holding up our part of the responsibility for taking care of the planet.

An example is the criticism about methane gas production from cattle and climate change that is one particularly irksome to me. When weighed against the production of needed protein products from grass, sunlight, water and other things unpalatable to humans, the methane criticisms should go the way of a good ham-burger. And don’t forget, the same people criticizing might eat beef and drive a big energy using car or fly around in their private jet. Who knows?

Another thing that struck me was the general optimism of the ranchers I spoke with. Good prices last year for their calves and yearlings certainly helped to bol-ster that optimism but it was tempered by the continuing drought which persists throughout most of Nevada and California. As most readers know we haven’t had much of a winter down here. The snow packs in the mountains are nearly normal or way below normal which will mean limited hay production. On the other hand, timely rains have kept California winter pastures green and a lot of Nevada ranges are holding up well.

In spite of conflicting good and bad news, the resolve and toughness of ranch-

ers always comes through and many times in a humorous way. One friend talked about reassessing his views on climate change. He wasn’t in a concession frame of mind yet that global warming is real and here even though things seem to be changing. You see he said change is different than warming. And, he could not pin point how things were changing, but he might be willing to donate some old, not too well worn, winter coats to Bostonians. On the other hand, he said, he had been stockpiling a little hay for the last two winters just in case the “experts” about warming were wrong. It is easier to buy a new winter coat than short supply hay.

This exchange with my friend leads me to another rambling opinion in this list of opinions this column is turning into. There is no doubt in our area winters have been a little short lately. I will concede humans have probably added a whole bunch of carbon to the atmosphere in the last hundred and fifty years of industrial and human transportation development. But the planet is always evolving.

I remember talking with the father of one of my best friends years ago as we hauled a couple of horses across the Sierra to work some cattle at his winter ranch in the west Sierra foothills of California. He told me about the tough times in the drought years of the 1930s. During this period not only was there very little rain and higher winter temperatures but the cattle market was very depressed because no one had any money to spend during the great depression. Meat, particularly beef, was a luxury item. Then, in another example, if you go back about 200 years the northern hemisphere was in the midst of the “little ice age” when rivers like the Thames in England froze solid for months at a time.

So, my take away from my conversation with my friend is to stockpile a little extra hay next summer. Oh yeah, assuming we can grow some!

The other great thing about cattle industry functions such as the Fallon Bull Sale is the pleasure in seeing old friends and making new ones. There is a wonder-ful solidarity among ranching folk which brings a smile to my face every time I attend these events. Their toughness and resilience shows up in the conversations and exchanges of mostly self-deprecating humor. Their pleasure at seeing their friends and neighbors is obvious. I talked with a bull breeder of great reputation I had never met. We had a mutual friend as it turned out, and I left that conversation with the impression we could be friends after just a few more talks. So it goes in the cattle industry.

I’ll see you soon.

By Joseph Guild

500 Commercial St.Elko, NV 89801

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We’re Looking for the 2015 Nevada Beef Ambassador!The Nevada CattleWomen, Inc. and the Nevada Beef Council are

teaming up to hold the statewide contest for selecting a Nevada Beef Ambassador again this April. Last year was the first time in several years since a contest has been held in Nevada, and the Nevada CattleWomen couldn’t be happier with our Nevada Beef Ambassador Ashley Buckingham and all she has accomplished this last year. Nevada CattleWomen are seeking a young person to once again represent the beef industry over the next year (April 2015-April 2016). Ranching or agricultural experience is not required.

Applications are due March 15, 2015. The contest will be held the evening of April 7 in Mesquite, Nevada, just prior to the Nevada State FFA Livestock Judging and Clark County Fair and Rodeo events. There are two divisions in the contest (juniors 12-16 yrs, seniors 17-20 yrs) and the top senior will be selected as the Nevada Beef Ambassador for 2015-2016. Cash prizes will be awarded to the win-ners in each division and cash incentives provided to all contestants who complete all three portions of the contest (issues statement, media interview, and consumer promotion).

The winner of the contest will receive an all expense-paid trip to the national contest in Denver, Colorado September 25-26, 2015 and other state events. The winner will be expected to complete the Master’s of Beef Advocacy (MBA) pro-gram and several beef education/promotion activities prior to the national competi-tion. Five state winners are selected to be on the National Beef Ambassador Team. The national winners are given scholarships and travel to events around the country

educating consumers about beef. For more on the National Beef Ambassador pro-gram, see http://www.nationalbeefambassador.org. To request an application or for more information about the Nevada contest in April, please contact Tracy Shane, Nevada Cattlewomen President, at 775-934-5646 or [email protected].

by Tracy Shane, President, Nevada CattleWomen

2015 National Beef Ambassador Contestants at the competition in Denver.


Beef Ambassador

Lately I have been reading and hear-ing rants from people mentioning

how horrible social media is; yet they are ranting about social media, on social media, confusing I know! Things like how people are always glued to their phones or how they feel that some things should just be private, and I couldn’t agree more! If you “follow” me or we are “friends” you probably know that I am very connected and possibly annoy people with the amount of pictures and articles I post. Well you are about to hear why. Now don’t get too excited!

To me social media plays a huge roll in soci-ety. There is twitter where you can pretend to be a bird and tweet or host a party. Facebook where you have thousands of friends but only know a quarter of them and in person you probably don’t even talk to them. Instagram that by applying a heavy photo edit you will look like you have been at the beach for months. Pinterest where you can plan your dream life go hungry by all the recipes you prob-ably wont make. My newest addition to the list is Linkedin where you make connections by posting your resume. By placing the number symbol in front of a run on sentence people around the world are able to see what others have posted using the same “hashtag”. In the beef industry the trending hashtags are #Beef and #BeefItsWhatsForDinner, anyone can create a hashtag, my personal favorite

being #IGrowYourFood.To many all of this might sound ridiculous but

for me it is a way to tell my story, the beef story, and what cattle ranchers are really doing. As much as I hate to face the reality of it all, social media will only continue to grow. So lets take advantage of it! When using social media one must remem-ber to use proper Internet etiquette, because words can be read in any tone and once it’s on the Inter-net the whole world can see it! By being connected we are able to reach millions of people in minutes. The downfall is that so can organizations such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS).

By sharing our story and constantly being connected we are able to network and answer con-sumers and other producers questions. We are able to inform the happenings on the ranch, explore the nutritional value of beef and different ways to create a delicious meal, compare our operations and new technologies whether it being low stress handling equipment or vaccines. People want to learn and know more about the food they are eat-ing and how the livestock are being cared for. The list of topics are endless. Every time you log on you are able to experience and initiate learning or teaching opportunities. From restaurants to businesses to colleges and cattle ranchers, social media connects us all.

Hashtag, #What?


Livestock Exchange, Inc.

FALLON

Fallon Livestock Exchange, Inc.2055 Trento Lane • Fallon, Nevada 89406 • 775-867-2020

See you and your Friends at Ringside Soon!

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TOP OFFERINGSWeight Steers Heifers

300-400 279.00-305.00 300.00-310.00400-500 229.00-276.00 238.00-276.00500-600 205.00-264.00 213.00-236.00600-700 216.00-219.00 188.00-200.00700-800 210.50-222.50 171.50-181.00800-900 181.00-206.00 160.00-165.00Lite Holstein (under 600#) 156.00-185.00Heavy Holstein (over 600#) 130.00-147.00

*Single, small framed or plainer cattle40.00 to 70.00 less than top offerings

BUTCHER COWS & BULLSBreakers (Fat Cows) 92.00-100.00Boners (Med Flesh) 100.00-110.00Cutters (Lean) 70.00-80.00Holstein Cows 60.00-80.00Butcher Bulls 95.00-128.50Shelly (Thin) Bulls 75.00-85.00Shelly Cutters (Thin) 20.00-40.00Young Feeder Cows 95.00-117.00Heiferettes 95.00-120.00Holstein Heiferettes 102.00-125.00Holstein Bulls NTFeeder Bulls 85.00-95.00Cutting Bulls 95.00-120.00Used Roping Steers 80.00-100.00Preg Tested Cows(3, 4, 5 yr. old solid mouth) 1700.00-2350.00

Bred Heifers (6 to 7 months bred) NTPairs (solid mouth) 4-5 yrs NTPairs (older) NT

CALVES-SHEEP-GOATS-PIGS-HORSESBeef Calves (HD) 150.00-585.00Dairy Calves 2.00-70.00Feeder Lambs 150.00-190.00Fat Lambs 140.00-170.00Ewes (CWT) Top End 40.00-70.00Bucks (CWT) Top End 40.00-60.00Small Goats (under 65 lbs.) (HD) 30.00-95.00Large Goats (over 70 lbs.) (HD) 95.00-150.00Weaner Pigs 45.00-110.00Feeder Pigs 60.00-130.00Top Hogs 75.00-91.50Butcher Sows 20.00-45.00Horses (under 1100 lbs.) 10.00-20.00Horses (over 1100 lbs.) 25.00-35.00

TODAY’S COWSAvg. Wt Avg. Cost

Top Cow 1188 110.50Top 10 Cows 1160 108.50Top 50 Cows 1175 101.00Top 100 Cows 1181 91.73Top Butcher Bull 2205 127.00Top Holstein Cows 1740 80.00

MARKET TREND:Feeder cattle were steady on the same kind depending on quality, fl esh and fi ll, Fallon Livestock is a key market for the industry, where buyers and sellers meet each week with a professional staff with over 50 years of experience in market-ing livestock.PLEASE call us ahead with your consignments. It helps us market your cattle. We talk to buyers all the time - they want to know what’s coming in. We are seeing good demand on weigh up cows & bulls. It sure makes a big difference on how they are sorted. Ranchers, don’t send your cows directly to kill right now, most cows will bring a premium over kill price. To feed or go back to the country call us for details! Let our crew sort and class your cows. This will help you receive full market value for your cows.

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MARKET REPORTFebruary 17, 2015

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I recently returned from the NCBA annual convention in

San Antonio Texas. Aside from all the attractions of that great city and the events and trade show of the conven-tion itself, three notable things came out of the event for me. The convention was attended by over 8,000 cattle growers from around the country and other countries around the world. The trade show had over 350 vendors and occu-pied almost six acres of floor space. These get-togethers are a mixture of social and business- that is business of rancher to rancher, and the needs of the cattle industry leadership to respond to grass roots imperatives on industry policy. This policy developed from the ground up guides the Washington D.C. staff in its efforts to influence Congress favorably to the cattle industry point of view.

The three important policy directions coming out of San Antonio were: 1) A task force was created to investigate whether NCBA dues should be raised and by how much. I will serve on that task force and would welcome any thoughts and suggestions any of you might have. There is a need to be more responsive to the issues facing the industry with more employees in Washington D.C. and the current budget is too small to do that. 2) The NCBA board voted unanimously to continue discussions with eight other interested stakeholders on how to increase the amount of the beef check off authorized by the 1985 Act. 3) NCBA staff and Checkoff staff was given reinforced direction to influence the conclusions of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC) established by the Department of Health and Human Services.

So yet again, the average rancher out there must be wondering- what? What are these issues and how do they relate to me?

Dues increases are a fact of life for any organization that wants to continue to grow, be relevant and responsive to its membership. NCBA has not decided whether to increase its dues but is only exploring the option. And, that is why the task force was created. Since I am a member of the group I will update readers after we have met and decisions are reached.

The beef check off enhancement saga continues. As most of you now know, Secretary Vilsack withdrew his unilateral plan to create a second beef check off with the authority given him in the Generic Check off Act of 1996. While this drama unfolded, NCBA and the other eight producer groups continued to work to create a Memorandum of Understanding which set forth the agreed upon changes to the Beef Checkoff. As a reminder, the groups representing a giant cross section of the beef industry were: American Farm Bureau Federation, American National Cattlewomen Inc., Livestock Marketing Association, Meat Import Council of America, NCBA, National Livestock Producers Association, National Milk Pro-ducers Federation, and United States Cattlemen’s Association.

The MOU recommends to Congress some significant changes to the Checkoff. It increases the amount of the Checkoff to two dollars. The second dollar must be paid and the person paying can then request a refund of that dollar only. Every five years after notice from the Secretary of Agriculture, if ten percent or more of the payers request a referendum, the program will be brought to a vote of all the payers into the Checkoff. Finally, the structure and system by which the Beef Promotion

Operating Committee is constituted would be changed to allow more participation from all cattle industry groups. This effort still has a long way to go for Congres-sional approval, but I believe it is start in the right direction to increase the buying power of Checkoff dollars which have eroded due to inflation since 1985.

Every five years the Dietary Guidelines are revised by a committee established by the US Department of Health and Human Services. This is an important un-dertaking because it establishes rules for what kinds and in what amounts Federal Agencies purchase food for federal food aid programs such as school lunch and for our armed services, veteran’s hospitals, and a myriad of other instances. The latest round of meetings to create these guidelines started in October of 2012. The Beef Checkoff provided written comments twelve times during this process and it is a good thing they were provided to the committee. The reason I say this is it became obvious early on there were agendas at play that were anti-beef.

A few examples will suffice to prove my point. In January, 2014 during a public meeting a committee invited expert declared that beef was of the greatest concern in reference to resource sustainability. In July, 2014 a sub-committee of the larger committee concluded “Strong, consistent evidence indicates that, in general, a dietary pattern that is lower in animal-based foods and higher in plant-based foods has a lesser environmental impact and at the same time is more health promot-ing than the current average American diet.” In September, 2014 the committee stated,” Evidence supports that a more environmentally sustainable dietary pattern promotes better health… which can be achieved by a variety of dietary patterns that generally increase consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts and seeds, while decreasing animal- based foods.” Do you see a pattern here?

Needless to say NCBA and the Checkoff were opposed to some of the conclu-sions reached by the committee. And finally, at the end of the proceedings when the committee dropped a recommendation that lean meat be a part of a healthy diet, the beef industry organizations came out in force against the guidelines. I write this on the day the guidelines have been released by the government. Readers have 45 days to comment and I urge you to go to www.DietaryGuidelines.gov, read the guidelines and make some comments. Congressional Committees have weighed in and asked why the committee was talking about environmental issues in a process designed to provide the healthiest diet possible for the American public.

The problem with all of this is the Diet Guidelines Committee did not even acknowledge in its final report the most recent science which concludes the nutrient rich qualities of beef, lean beef is a healthy source of protein which is necessary in any balanced diet and the dependence of Americans on too much grain and processed food which has helped contribute to increasing obesity and other health related issues.

And so it goes, we live in a time in which agriculture has to once again defend itself against irrational and unreason-able attacks rather than just continue to raise high quality, inexpensive, abun-dant food for Americans and others around the world.

I’ll see you soon.

Talking abouT NCBAJoe Guild, 6th Region Vice President

Jason B. Land2213 N. 5th St. , Elko, NV 89801775-738-8811, 800-343-0077www.edwardjones.com

Call or Stop By!

Congrats to all FFA

State Competitors

“The trouble with opportunity is that it often comes disguised as hard work.” Courtesy PCC Update

COWBOY LOGIC


Nevada Farm Bureau

Nevada Farm Bureau Awarded for Education, Communication and Member Programs at National Level

SPARKS, Nev. – Nevada Farm Bureau Federation received three Awards of Excellence and the Apex Award Jan. 2015 during the 2015 American Farm Bureau Federation (AFBF) Annual Convention.

“It is an honor to be recognized for the hard work our organization has put in during the last year,” Nevada Farm Bureau President Hank Combs said. “Nevada Farm Bureau has great leadership and volunteers that help staff to effectively pro-mote the agriculture industry in Nevada.”

Awards for Excellence were presented to state Farm Bureaus that demonstrated outstanding achievements in six program areas: Education and Outreach; Leader-ship Development; Member Services; Membership Initiatives; Policy Development and Implementation; and Public Relations and Communications.

Nevada Farm Bureau was awarded for its Education and Outreach, Member

Services, and Public Relations and Communications programs.“We started several new programs last year, including an agriculture literacy

project in Churchill County, which educated 320 elementary students in local schools,” Combs said. “We also updated our communication methods for members and the general public to ensure that they received news about Nevada agriculture and our organization in a timely and accurate way.”

AFBF also awarded Nevada Farm Bureau the Apex Award during the event. The award was given to state Farm Bureaus that had increased total investment in the Foundation for Agriculture by 10 percent or more in 2014.

For more information about Nevada Farm Bureau Federation and organization activities, visit nvfb.org.

Nevada Farm Bureau members received four awards while attending the AFBF Annual Convention. (Submitted Photo)

Nevada Farm Bureau

The Progressive Rancher

online with your computer or mobile device

Discover how easy it is to read

Progressiverancher.comThe Progressive Rancher www.progressiverancher.com 16 March 2015

Nevada Farm Bureau

Farmers & Ranchers of Nevada: Agriculture is not just a job; it’s a lifestyle

Written By Jessica Fagundes

For Nevada Farm Bureau member Dann Mathews, agriculture is not just a job; it’s a lifestyle.

“I feel really prideful about being a steward of the land and actually creating something,” Mathews says. “All my hobbies have to do with farming and ranching.”

The 27-year-old agriculturist lives with his wife Jessica and son Logan in Pi-oche, Nev. Mathews works along side his father, John, and brother, Lee, at Flatnose Ranch, growing crops and raising cattle in Dry Valley.

“Alfalfa is our main crop, but we also raise corn and timothy,” he says. “We have a cattle herd and we have a pheasant hunting preserve.”

Along with working daily as a farmer/rancher, Mathews is actively involved in his county and state Farm Bureau.

“Ever since I went to a national American Farm Bureau convention in Sacra-mento, it really hooked me,” he says. “From there, I really understood how impor-tant Farm Bureau was to farming and ranching.”

After participating in the convention, Mathews became the collegiate Farm Bureau president at Utah State University. Throughout college, he stayed involved with the county Farm Bureau.

“Now I’m on the Young Farmers & Ranchers state committee and I sit on the county board,” he says.

Mathews’ love for the agriculture industry started at very young age. He grew up on his family’s ranch as the ninth of ten children. During that time, he helped care for the animals and the crops. After graduating high school and going on a church mission, he attended Utah State University to receive a degree in animal science and later returned to his family’s operation to work.

Flatnose Ranch has been in the family for three generations. According to Mathews, farm-ing and ranching has always been a way of life on both sides of his family.

“My grandpa on my mom’s side bought this farm around 40 years ago and my mom and dad moved here when I was born,” he says. “My dad’s great grandpa settled in Panaca and the farm there now is the

one he founded.”Being an agriculturist, for

Mathews, is about carrying on the family tradition, improv-ing the land and working with his brother and dad.

“When I am out working, I can look at the ground that we have and see how it’s evolved and advanced in my lifetime. It’s satisfying to look at the landscape of the farm and see what my dad, my brother and I have been able to create,” he says. “Also, it is just really satisfying to be able to work with my brother. He’s my best friend. To be able to work side by side with your best friend, that’s really cool.”

Every agriculture operation comes with its challenges. At Flatnose Ranch, government regulation is the biggest struggle that Mathews and his father and brother face.

“There is always a law or regulation that we have to coincide with to be able to operate,” he says, adding that his family often jumps through many hoops to oper-ate on a day-to-day basis. “A lot of times, it is difficult to work with government agencies such as the BLM or the Water Authority.”

Despite the struggles related to government regulation, Flatnose Ranch is fortunate not to have water shortage like many other Nevada farms and ranches currently have.

“All of our water comes from ground water. We don’t really face a lack of wa-ter,” Mathews says. “The struggle we do face, however, is obtaining water rights.”

Regardless of the challenges related to being an agriculturist, Mathews has big plans for Flatnose Ranch, including increasing the size of his cowherd and the pheasant operation. He also wants the positive family atmosphere of the ranch to flourish.

“We want to have a good family environment where we can raise our children and teach them to work hard and show them the ranching lifestyle,” he says.

As a young farmer/rancher, Mathews is excited for the future of his op-eration and the industry as a whole.

“I think there is a great opportunity for young people like me in farm-ing,” Mathews says. “Even if agriculture gets less popular as a profession,

there is going to be more demand for farming as our population grows.”

Photos Courtesy Jessica Mathews

Above: Mathews works with pheasants

at Flatnose Ranch.

Background: Dann Mathews with his wife Jessica

and their son Logan in Pioche, Nevada.

Nevada Farm Bureau


Boy what a Jip!!!!!!!!So when did they start this income tax stuff for people in agriculture?

I just got through with my annual fairy tale story telling session at the P.C. and A. I really don’t need to go in there you know. It’s the same old story every year. I should hire a professional film crew to do the production. I could get some haunting violin music in the background. I’m sure if I hired some young kids to sniffle and cry during my philosophical wafting about production agriculture and a bunch of my herders at the crescendo waling in their best mournful cry, then, rather than a live appearance, the whole production could be used annually. Think of the gas I would save not having to do this trek annually. I think mother Ray at the P.C. and A., would really appreciate it as its got to be tough on his health having to listen to the same lame excuses about, “maybe next year”. I am sure as red as his face gets and those clenched fists and his upper lip profusely sweating, it must be extremely unhealthy. It goes without saying with those animals mounted on the wall in his office, is it really all that safe for me. I am not so sure that he hasn’t fantasized about having my head mounted. I am sure that I am not any where close to Boone and Crockett as far as heads go; but just maybe he would find satisfaction in the pros-pect. It could add years to his life. As of now, all he can hope for is early retirement and maybe an ambulance chaser might find a probative argument for me causing cruel and unusual punishment for him getting stuck with my account. At the very least he may be entitled to hazard pay.

This annual event of fantasy farming is always anxiously anticipated for me. I have always been proud of the fact that fluffing up a story is part of the code of the West, or more affectionately, where the Jest begins. Up until now, this session has been all I have to look forward to at this time of the year. I spend a few days empty-ing out my plastic garbage sack full of receipts for tax purposes and mailing them to my accountant, who keeps changing his address without leaving a forwarding address, and then waiting for my call from the P.C. and A. telling me that this is the last time they will ever do business with me unless I get the interest paid that has been delinquent for the last millennium. They are really nice to me. They are

always giving sound advice on other lending institutions that would love to have my business. They always say if I were to decide to change banks that they would “highly recommend me”, or is that happily or most happily.

People who deal with these high finance issues are a little thin hided. My ac-countant and I have been friends since third grade catechism. He claims figuring out my taxes is not so delicately referred to as “mission impossible”. I know that everything that pertains to last year is in the plastic garbage sack of receipts along with the over due bill letters and the delinquent accounts notices from lawyers. I deduct all these folks, as dependents they surely know that this operation is depen-dent on their charity and half of nothing is still nothing if they foreclose. I would rather owe them the money as beat them out of it. I remind them of this very fact; but for some reason their demeanor doesn’t change.

Of all the bad news, with the impending drought that one must absorb, up jumps the devil. I put down last year on my tax return, two million illegal aliens were dependent on me and I get this huge check called earned income tax credit. Now, the accountant says that I owe income taxes!!!!! I am shocked. I will now have to pay for O’Bummers green fees and Uncle Harry’s health care. You would think that I loosened up the rubber band that he was tugging on when he hit himself in the eye. He used to brag about being a boxer. He can’t take a punch or duck one any more and I am supposed to pay for this stuff? The secretary of the treasury Geitner, Big Al Sharptongue, Congressman Charlie Rangel just to name a few don’t worry about paying taxes. So, why should the rest of us have to pay? I could call Lois Lerner and tell her that I support liberal causes. That would surely get me favorable reviews.

I made this probative argument to my accountant. He used to have a full head of hair. He claims that I made it all fall out. I mention that his ability to do forensic accounting comes from him figuring out my taxes and he always gets my check for his work, even though he has to hold it until I sell the wool. I think its only fair that he gets paid. Filing my 1040 E.Z. takes a little doing and charging me a mere ten thousand seems appropriate under the circumstances. Hang and Rattle! Hank

by Hank Vogler

Fumes FROM THE Farm

New at Snyder Bull Sale 2015Expand Your Bottom Line Workshop & Influence the Influencers SeminarSnyder Livestock has expanded their bull sale weekend to include an Expand

Your Bottom Line workshop and BQA event on Saturday, Mar. 7, at the feedlot. Western Video, Zoetis, Snyder and the Nevada Beef Council will sponsor a series of presentations and demonstrations to help producers take advantage of programs that maximize calf crop revenue. Western Video will explore options available to consignors such as age and source verified and WVM Natural. Zoetis will present value added programs that ensure healthy calves that command premiums. Ron Gill, low stress handling expert will demonstrate stress-reducing techniques that bring the most pounds to the scale. Zoetis and the Nevada Beef Council will guide ranchers through a short BQA certification course. The program will start at 10 AM in the sale barn at Snyder’s in Yerington with informational presentations. Lunch will be included, and during lunch, Dr. Bob Sainz of UC Davis will explain feed efficiency and intake EPDs and how to apply them to bull selection. The afternoon sessions will include live low stress handling by Ron Gill, chute-side demonstra-tions by Gallagher and Temple Tags to introduce producers to current EID and animal information technology, and feedlot tours.

The Bull Buyer’s Seminar for 2015 will be one of the most informative ses-sions ever accompanying the Snyder sale. Gary Taubes, author of Good Calories, Bad Calories and Why We Get Fat and What to Do About It will discuss human nutrition research very favorable to beef producers. Gary’s information will con-firm what cattlemen have always known: beef is good for you and beef fat is good for you. The information may make you question what you are hearing from your

family doctor and lead you and your family down a path toward better health.Because Gary Taubes’ message is so powerful for the beef industry, the Ne-

vada Beef Council has invited a select group of Northern Dieticians to join pro-ducers for the Saturday workshop. They will learn about beef producers from the presentations, feedlot tours and conversations with ranchers attending the event. Our speaker is well known to dieticians and our invited influencers will hear a very pro-beef perspective at the Bull Buyer’s Seminar.

Over the years, Snyders have broadened the scope of the bull sale weekend. The first seminars included strictly production information. Snyders expanded to programs to inform ranchers about industry wide issues and inspire them to ques-tion popular scientific opinions. This year’s seminar will, for the first time, seek to influence influencers who have major impacts on what consumers choose to eat. While there are hundreds of bull sales around the country, this sale is unique in its efforts to benefit the entire industry.

These events precede the March 8 bull sale. Bulls for the 21st Century has developed a reputation as the toughest bull test. The evaluation for Bulls for the 21st Century test bulls is extensive and includes much more than growth. Carcass ultrasound data, weaning information, dam reproductive history, and feed effi-ciency and other measures are included in this comprehensive evaluation. The bulls offered in the 2015 sale have undergone this rigorous evaluation and are offered by auction at 1 P.M. on March 8th at the Snyder feedlot in Yerington, Nevada.


Another month has gone by, and here we are with another update on those enig-

matic Millennials. (As a reminder, this generation is near and dear to my heart because, well, I am a Millennial – “sort of.” I fall in that grey area

between “older Millennial” and “young Gen Xer.”)I’ve previously mentioned the importance of conve-

nience to the Millennial generation when it comes to cook-ing. For the beef industry, tapping into the convenience factor and effectively conveying the ease and versatility of cooking with beef to this important demographic – which will be the key beef-eating segment of the population for decades to come – is crucial to our success.

The desire for convenience isn’t necessarily tied to an overall lack of ambition when it comes to cooking. The Millennials are busy, busy, busy, so it’s more a matter of fitting into this always-on-the-go lifestyle.

At the same time, Millennials see cooking as a form of expression and are eager to try new dishes, so convenience can’t come at the expense of being dull. They also tend to be influencers when it comes to cooking or eating, shar-ing experiences (good or bad) with others through social media. And if an experience is bad, they are far less likely to attempt that recipe or dish again.

As a working mom who is “sort of” in this generation, the convenience factor is very important to me personally. Oh sure, I often have grand plans of spending a weekend prepping made-from-scratch meals for the week, but life seems to get in the way. On many nights, I fall into that category of Millennials who scramble to figure out what to feed our families in 30 minutes or less – and let’s be honest, dinner from a fast-food chain isn’t desirable every night.

Finding this balance of quick, easy meals that are also going to be a homerun in taste and quality – and something they’ll return to in the future – can be a challenge. But the Beef Checkoff Program and state beef councils such as your own Nevada Beef Council have been putting tools in place over recent years to give this demographic the information and tools needed to have a positive experience with beef, every time, even when it comes to a quick meal.

If you’ll recall the “Millennial manifesto for beef” that I referenced last month – a group of words or “word cloud” comprising the many suggestions Millennials have for making beef better – you’ll remember that “easy” was the most prominent suggestion.

There are also some other factors that, combined with convenience, give us some ideas for how to best cater to the Millennials. For example, keeping in mind that this genera-tion is the most ethnically diverse of any other before it, meals that are both convenient and a nod to culturally rich and diverse dishes are important.

Like other generations, Millennials eat beef a couple of times a week. They want a great tasting meal, value for the money, and a meal they feel confident preparing. Also, Millennials are more likely to be influencers and share their

cooking and eating experiences with others.

On a national level, the Beef Checkoff Program recently imple-mented a digital campaign that en-gages consumers (particularly the Millennial demographic) through a variety of online platforms. One popular component is a series of “no-recipe recipes,” which are quick videos showcasing easy ways to prepare delicious beef dishes with minimal ingredients. In 2014 alone, there were more than 5 million views of these videos.

What’s more, the web site “BeefItsWhatsForDinner.com” has been refreshed to include more ease-of-use tips and reci-pes highlight quick, convenient preparation techniques. As a key example, there is an entire section on ground beef that highlights its versatility and convenience. This was devel-oped in part to address the old-er Millennial parent’s tendency to purchase ground beef more often than whole muscle cuts.

Closer to home, the NBC has executed programs such as a partnership with Crock-Pot slow cookers to encourage consumers to think about ways to cook with beef that involve nothing more than a slower cooker and a simple recipe. During this promotion, custom recipe cards featuring slow cooker recipes and tips were on display and available for shoppers at the participat-ing retailers.

Moving forward, finding ways to continue to highlight beef’s conve-nience factors in ways that help us Millennials not only reach for beef at the meat case, but come back again and again after an enjoyable experience, will be key to ensuring this generation continues to love beef for decades to come.

By Jill Scofield, Nevada Beef Council

In the Mind of a Millennial

Did You

Know…?

Did you know

that Nevada

hosts one of

the top ten

Millennial

population

centers in the

United States?

Las Vegas is the

8th top market

in terms of

the number of

Millennials living

there, ahead of

San Francisco

and Dallas in the

top 10. Austin

(no, the other

Austin, in Texas)

is number 1.

Source – Nielsen

Pop-Facts, 2013

Jill Scofield is Director of Pro-ducer Relations for the Nevada and California

Beef Councils. You can reach her at [email protected].


As American as Beef and BaseballNevada Beef Council Day at the Reno Aces is set to hit a home run

What could be better than a burger or beef hotdog at the ballpark?This spring, the Nevada Beef Council (NBC) and

Scolari’s Food & Drug are teaming up for Nevada Beef Council Day at the Reno Aces on Saturday, May 30th. Fun for the entire family, the Reno Aces are the Triple-A baseball team for the Ari-zona Diamondbacks and holders of two division titles: a Pacific Coast League Championship and a Triple-A Championship.

“We’re really excited about this promotion,” said Annette Kassis, the NBC’s Director of Consumer & Brand Marketing. “Not only are we bringing a new promotional partner on-board with the Reno Aces, but we will be incorporating digital and social elements to engage consumers in the promotion to create excitement about beef and the Nevada Beef Council Day at the ballpark.”

Although some of the specifics are still being finalized, the promotion will involve several elements, including an opportunity for Scolari’s shoppers to re-ceive tickets to the game with the purchase of a specified dollar amount of beef. On game day, the NBC will have a pre-game display on the plaza outside the ballpark. During the game, a table on the stadium concourse will be set up with Nevada ranchers on-hand to talk to consumers, and registered dietitian nutrition-ist James Winstead, the NBC’s Director of Food & Nutrition Outreach, to answer questions about health, nutrition, protein and sports performance, and the national Protein Challenge.

In-park promotion will include a presence on the video board and an oppor-tunity to designate someone to throw out the first pitch. As an added bonus, the

May 30 game is designated as a premium giveaway game. According to the Reno Aces schedule, the first 1,000 fans through the Rotunda Entrance on game day will receive a Reno Aces road jersey.

A second-level, longer promotion will run for six weeks in April and May, and give Aces fans the chance to show just how much they love beef. During the promotion, fans can take a picture of their beef products purchased at the Aces Ballpark along with their ticket for that game and post it on the Reno Aces Facebook or Twitter pages with the tag “Nevada Beef Council.” The NBC will select one winner per home game—four total win-ners—to win a grocery store gift card.

All participants will be entered to win the Grand Prize—a 1st pitch and a suite at the ballpark, including 20 tickets and 4 parking passes—during one of the remaining Reno Aces Monday-Wednesday night games in the 2015 season. Promotion for this contest will include NBC social media, press releases, a pos-sible broadcast and digital schedule, and in-stadium pre-game video board and PA announcements April 17 through May 31.

“The Aces have a strong appeal in Northern Nevada,” Kassis said, “and mil-lennials are a big part of their fan base. We’re always looking for ways to meet this audience where they are and engage them in new ways. Having James Winstead and some of our Nevada ranchers with us at our concourse table not only gives us effective ways to have a conversation with this audience, but also gives us some-thing to talk about to a larger audience online and in the media.”

Play ball!

American Heart Association® Certifies Extra Lean Ground Beef as Part of a Heart-Healthy Diet

The American Heart Association (AHA) has certified extra lean ground beef

(ground beef that is at least 96% lean, 4% fat) to display its widely recognized Heart-Check mark, giving retailers the opportunity to identify eight different extra lean beef items as options for part of an overall healthy diet. This gives shoppers who are particularly concerned about heart health added incentive to include beef in their diets.

Before putting its Heart-Check mark on any food, the AHA evaluates it against nutrition requirements based on sound science regarding healthy dietary recommendations, food catego-

ries, specific product ingredients and nutrient values.Multiple retailers with hundreds of stores across the U.S. currently display the

Heart-Check mark on certified beef items in the meat case. Retailers and proces-

sors can work with the Beef Checkoff Program to receive a discount on the cer-tification fee for the American Heart Association® Food Certification Program.

In addition to the newly certified extra lean ground beef, the other beef cuts* that meet the AHA’s requirements for heart-healthy foods as part of an over-all healthy dietary pattern, and are certified to display the Heart-Check mark, include:

• Bottom Round Steak• Sirloin Tip Steak• Top Sirloin Petite Roast, Boneless• Top Sirloin Strips• Top Sirloin Filet• Top Sirloin Kabob• Top Sirloin Steak, Boneless, Center Cut

*All cuts are USDA select grade.To learn more about the American Heart Association® Food Certification

Program, please visit www.BeefRetail.org.

CHECKOFF NEWS:

For more about the Nevada Beef Council, visit www.nevadabeef.org.


SPAGHETTI SQUASH WITH MEAT SAUCETotal Recipe Time: 40 to 45 minutes. Makes 4 servings.

INGREDIENTS• 1 pound Ground Beef (93% lean or leaner)• 1 medium yellow onion, chopped• 1 tablespoon minced garlic• 1 can (15 ounces) no salt added or regular tomato sauce• 1 can (14.5 ounces) Italian-Style diced tomatoes, undrained• 1 can (6 ounces) tomato paste• 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon crushed red pepper• 1 medium spaghetti squash (about 3 to 3-1/2 pounds), cut in half

lengthwise, seeds removedTOPPINGS (optional)

• Thinly sliced fresh basil and grated Parmesan cheese

INSTRUCTIONS1. Heat stockpot over medium heat until hot. Add Ground Beef, on-

ion and garlic; cook 8 to 10 minutes, breaking beef into 3/4-inch crumbles and stirring occasionally.

2. Stir in tomato sauce, diced tomatoes, tomato paste and crushed red pepper; bring to a boil. Reduce heat; cover and simmer 20 minutes to develop flavors, stirring occasionally. Remove from heat; stir in basil, if desired.

News From the Nevada Beef Council

3. Meanwhile, place squash in 8 x 8-inch microwave-safe baking dish, overlapping halves slightly. Microwave on HIGH 10 to 12 minutes or until squash is tender. Let stand 5 minutes. Scrape squash with fork to separate strands.

4. Serve sauce over squash. Serve with Toppings, if desired.

To Roast Spaghetti Squash: Place squash halves, cut-side down, in 13 x 9-inch ovenproof baking dish. Bake in 350°F oven 45 to 55 minutes or until squash is tender.

NUTRITION NOTES From James Winstead, RDNThis recipe is a twist on a classic pasta dish. The spaghetti squash pro-

vides vitamin A to help prevent night blindness, has anti-cancerous prop-erties known as beta-carotene, and provides additional flavor and texture compared to spaghetti noodles. The pasta sauce is an excellent source of vitamin C and lycopene, which are both antioxidants with anti-cancerous properties. Vitamin C is also very important as you age because it helps with your skin’s collagen formation and healing.

There you have it, a meal that is loaded with vitamins, vegetables with an excellent source of protein! Not to mention the 10 essential nutrients from the beef. You will be eating a flavorful, healthy meal and feel satisfied.


Dryland & Reclamation Seed

Wheatgrasses Nordan Crested New Hy Bluebunch Hycrest Crested Siberian Wheatgrass Oahe Intermediate Pubescent Indian Ricegrass Big Sagebrush Forage Kochia

Immigrant Snowstorm (New) Great Basin Wild Rye Roadcrest Tall Wheatgrass Shadescale 4 Wing Saltbush Garrison Creeping Foxtail

Garrison Meadow Foxtail

Clovers

Alsike Ladino Red Clover Strawberry White Dutch New Zealand Yellow Blossom Trefoil

Turf Grasses

Ron’s Special Turf Mix Ky Blue Grass Athletic Turf Mix TT Perennial Ryegrass Chewings Fesque Defi ance XRE (Drought Tolerant)

Bentgrass

Grain & Miscellaneous

Oats• Cayuse• Monida

Wheat• Twin• PR 1404• Patrone

Peas Corn Sorghum Sudan

• BMR• Piper Sudan• Sweet RN

Honey

Triticale• Forerunner• Merlin

Ryegrain• Gazelle - Spring• Prima - Fall• VNS

Beardless Barley Chowford Stockford Milo Sunfl ower

Field Grasses

Orchard Grasses• Rushmore• Seco (Dryland)• Potomac• Paiute• Teff Grass

Mountain Meadow Brome

Smooth Brome

Annual Rye Grass

Perennial Rye Grasses

Climax Timothy

Fawn Tall Fescue

Tuscany II Tall Fescue

Pasture Mixes

Olympic Elite

University w/No Clover

Northwest Pasture

Horse Pasture

PNW Dryland Mix

Ron’s Dryland Mix

Ron’s Rangeland Mix

Conventional Alfalfa Varieties

6305Q

6442Q

6410N (New)

6585Q

6475 (New)

6552 (New)

919 Brand

Cinch I (ML)

Cinch II

Ron’s Blend

Haymaker (ML)

Blazer XL

6610N

Spreador5

Ladak

Vernal

Ranger

WL-343HQ

WL-354HQ

WL-363HQ

WL-365HQ

Round Up Ready AlfalfasFD WH

6497R (New) 4 VH Mutiny 4.3 VH 6516R (New) 5 H 6547R (New) 5 VH Revolt 6 WL 336 HQRR 3 VH WL 356 HQRR 4 VH WL 372 HQRR 5 VH

SALT TOLERANT AND DROUGHT-HARDY

VARIETIES AVAILABLE

710 Grass Valley Road • Winnemucca, NV 89445775-623-5053 • [email protected]

YOUR SEED, FERTILIZER & CHEMICAL HEADQUARTERS FOR NEVADA

Call or Stop In For Our Complete List of Seeds & Grains!

Alfalfa is All We Do!

Serving Agriculture for 31 Years


RON’S SEED & SUPPLY

We Have Varieties Available That are Organically Approved

Springtime is the season for FFA lead-ership development, competitions,

and livestock shows. Churchill County FFA members attended their first competition of the season in Smith Valley, Nevada at the Western Nevada FFA Zone Contest on Feb-ruary 4th where 38 members new and old got to try out their skills in Floriculture, Horse Evaluation, Job Interview, Milk Quality and Products, Creed Speaking, Dairy Cattle Evaluation, Meats Evaluation and Technol-ogy, Veterinary Medicine, and Agricultural Mechanics. Students got wonderful practice, learned lots, and had fun getting to know other FFA members from other counties in western Nevada. Western Zone officers Blane Merkley, Garrett Archuleta, and Josey Moore helped by performing open-ing and closing ceremonies and inviting Dr. Payne, Dean of CABNR at UNR to speak to the members in attendance about Agricul-ture careers and opportunities.

Churchill County FFA members also had the opportunity to build on their leadership skills by attending the Winter Leadership Training held in Carson City on February 9th and 10th where they learned that attitude can change everything. Developing Premier Lead-ership is one of the cornerstone purposes of the FFA Organization and this event helped these students to find the leader within themselves by showing them how easy it can be to change your outcome by have and good attitude about your opportunities. This event also allows for one member of every Nevada FFA Chapter to get training for the Nominating Committee which will select the new state officer team at the Nevada State FFA Convention in March.

February also brings one of members fa-vorite events to be involved with, the Fallon All Breeds Bull Sale which has become something of a right of passage for Churchill County FFA members. Agriculture students help to prepare the sale yard for the arrival of the bulls by hanging name placards that they’ve created for each consignor on their bull’s pens and placing

bedding for the bulls in each pen for them to enjoy when they arrive. Members and advisors helped the consignors find their pens and make sure that bedding and feed needs are met for all of the bulls in the sale. FFA members that are old enough and have earned the privilege get to help work the bulls through the sift on Friday morning and through the sale ring on Saturday. Younger members help the Churchill County Cowbelles with their dinner on Friday night by helping to set up and clearing tables during the dinner. Finally they will help Nevada Cattle-men’s Association in the sale office by working as runners during the sale and helping complete the necessary paperwork to run and complete the sale. This is a wonderful opportunity for the students to interact with industry producers and businessmen while giving the industry a chance to meet some of the future prospects for the Agriculture Industry.

National FFA Week, February 22nd through 28th, will round out the month of February for FFA Chapters across the country. Churchill County FFA members kick off the week with a twine gathering competition and then sponsor events at school and throughout the community to promote FFA as well as educate about its aims and purposes throughout the week. Theme days during the week give students a chance to build comradery and show their FFA spirit to classmates and school staff alike. Lunchtime activities invite members and classmates to come together in learning and friendly competitions during the day. Members reach out to former members to wish them a Happy FFA Week as well as create opportuni-ties to interact with youth in the community through school and extension programs. The week is punctuated with a good old fashioned bonfire at a member’s home using wood cut from the chapter’s hay field on Rio Vista giving them a chance to create life-long friendships over the aroma of roasting marshmallows.

Next month FFA competition will be in full swing with the Nevada FFA Convention occur-ring March 17th through 20th in Reno.

The reason I put this book of stories together is simple. I love to see people laugh. I guess never have recovered from the rodeo clown syndrome.

This is a compilation of stories that were published over a forty year period. The book is aimed mostly at ranchers and cowboys but even green horns get a kick out of the tales.

The books are available in saddleshops, feed

stores, vet supplies and eventually in some books stores.

They can also be ordered from

Don Bowman 775-745-1734 or by email

[email protected].

IT’S CHURCHILL FFA


Dryland & Reclamation Seed

Wheatgrasses Nordan Crested New Hy Bluebunch Hycrest Crested Siberian Wheatgrass Oahe Intermediate Pubescent Indian Ricegrass Big Sagebrush Forage Kochia

Immigrant Snowstorm (New) Great Basin Wild Rye Roadcrest Tall Wheatgrass Shadescale 4 Wing Saltbush Garrison Creeping Foxtail

Garrison Meadow Foxtail

Clovers

Alsike Ladino Red Clover Strawberry White Dutch New Zealand Yellow Blossom Trefoil

Turf Grasses

Ron’s Special Turf Mix Ky Blue Grass Athletic Turf Mix TT Perennial Ryegrass Chewings Fesque Defi ance XRE (Drought Tolerant)

Bentgrass

Grain & Miscellaneous

Oats• Cayuse• Monida

Wheat• Twin• PR 1404• Patrone

Peas Corn Sorghum Sudan

• BMR• Piper Sudan• Sweet RN

Honey

Triticale• Forerunner• Merlin

Ryegrain• Gazelle - Spring• Prima - Fall• VNS

Beardless Barley Chowford Stockford Milo Sunfl ower

Field Grasses

Orchard Grasses• Rushmore• Seco (Dryland)• Potomac• Paiute• Teff Grass

Mountain Meadow Brome

Smooth Brome

Annual Rye Grass

Perennial Rye Grasses

Climax Timothy

Fawn Tall Fescue

Tuscany II Tall Fescue

Pasture Mixes

Olympic Elite

University w/No Clover

Northwest Pasture

Horse Pasture

PNW Dryland Mix

Ron’s Dryland Mix

Ron’s Rangeland Mix

Conventional Alfalfa Varieties

6305Q

6442Q

6410N (New)

6585Q

6475 (New)

6552 (New)

919 Brand

Cinch I (ML)

Cinch II

Ron’s Blend

Haymaker (ML)

Blazer XL

6610N

Spreador5

Ladak

Vernal

Ranger

WL-343HQ

WL-354HQ

WL-363HQ

WL-365HQ

Round Up Ready AlfalfasFD WH

6497R (New) 4 VH Mutiny 4.3 VH 6516R (New) 5 H 6547R (New) 5 VH Revolt 6 WL 336 HQRR 3 VH WL 356 HQRR 4 VH WL 372 HQRR 5 VH

SALT TOLERANT AND DROUGHT-HARDY

VARIETIES AVAILABLE

710 Grass Valley Road • Winnemucca, NV 89445775-623-5053 • [email protected]

YOUR SEED, FERTILIZER & CHEMICAL HEADQUARTERS FOR NEVADA

Call or Stop In For Our Complete List of Seeds & Grains!

Alfalfa is All We Do!



RON’S SEED & SUPPLY

We Have Varieties Available That are Organically Approved


by Glenn A. Nader, UC Cooperative Extension, Mike N. Oliver, UC Cooperative Extension, Julie Finzel, UC Cooperative Extension, Myra T. Blanchard, UC Davis, Jeff L. Stott, UC Davis

Foothill abortion, also known as epizootic bovine abortion (EBA), has been a long-standing problem for California beef cattle producers. It

is a major source of economic loss for California cow and calf producers, and in the 1990s it was estimated that 5% to 10% (45,000 to 90,000 calves) of the California beef calf crop may be lost each year (Bushnell et al. 1991). UC Co-operative Extension (UCCE) farm advisors, specialists and UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine (SVM) faculty have worked on this disease for nearly 50 years. This long research process finally moved forward in 2005, when the causative agent was identified.

The Pajaroello (pa-ha-WAY-lo) tick, Ornithodoros coriaceus, is responsible for transmitting the causative agent (a deltaproteobacterium) when it feeds on a pregnant cow. The Pajaroello is a soft-bodied tick that resides in dirt or litter under trees and bushes, locations where deer and cattle typically bed down. The Pajaro-ello does not embed itself in animal flesh, but rather it feeds rapidly (for as little as 20 minutes) and then drops back onto the ground. It can survive for years in a dormant state, without taking a blood meal.

If a cow or heifer is bitten by a tick when 2 to 6 months pregnant, the calf may abort or be born weak. Heifers and cows that have not previously grazed in tick-infested pastures are most susceptible. Once bitten, cows appear to gain some degree of immunity, but ranchers have observed that immunity can be lost if cattle go for a year or more without tick bites, which serve as an immunity booster.

Early UC efforts focused on identifying the vector of the disease. First, mos-quitoes were suspected. They were eliminated as a possibility when cattle elevated off the ground (in an area where the disease commonly occurred) carried their calves to term. Additional experiments also eliminated the Leptoconops gnat as a possible vector.

It was initially thought that the Pajaroello tick did not live in the most northern areas of California, where EBA occurred. When ticks were subsequently trapped on a northern Lassen County ranch that had experienced abortions, it was con-firmed as a potential vector. Ticks were collected and placed to feed on susceptible heifers (on the UC Davis campus), and abortions occurred, confirming the Pajaro-ello as the vector of the disease.

The next step was to determine the causative agent being transmitted by the bite of the tick. This was difficult because the tick harbors numerous potential caus-ative agents. In the late 1960s and through the 1970s, chlamydia was considered as a possible causative agent. During this period, a field trial was conducted with

cooperator cattle in Lassen County in which susceptible heifers were fed tetracy-cline crumbles, and the data suggested there might be some protection from the antibiotics. Numerous chlamydia vaccines were prepared and given to susceptible heifers, but this effort was ultimately abandoned when heifers continued to abort following vaccination.

In the 1970s and early 1980s, viruses were considered as possible causative agents. A large research effort was initiated, with over 80 viruses isolated from the tick. After exhaustive work, research on causative agents moved from viruses to spirochete-like organisms; a Borrelia species was suggested to be a potential cause of EBA, but further experimental studies essentially eliminated spirochetes and Borrelia species as potential causative agents.

With no definitive causal agent of EBA identified, the California Cattlemen’s Association gave UCCE a grant from its Livestock Memorial Research Fund to develop educational outreach through a video on how to manage cattle to minimize the impact of the disease. Farm advisors and specialists with knowledge of the tick’s feeding habitats and how the abortions developed in cattle used case studies with ranchers to develop management options that ranchers could use to lessen the impact of the disease on their business. Successful practices included pre-exposing sexually mature heifers to known tick areas prior to breeding, avoiding tick areas during the critical 2 to 6 months of pregnancy and shifting from spring to fall calv-ing in the most northern regions of the state.

SVM researchers and the California Animal Health and Food Safety (CAHFS) laboratory system, using a large number of aborted calves, were able to develop methods to identify foothill abortion in aborted calves. This knowledge was ex-tended to practicing veterinarians working with ranches throughout the state.

In 2002, a SVM laboratory developed a reliable challenge system for experi-mental transmission of EBA that was used to establish that the causative agent was antibiotic susceptible. This report was quickly followed with a positive identifica-tion of the agent causing foothill abortion, a bacteria belonging to a very unusual group of slime bacteria; then referred to simply as the agent of EBA, the bacterial pathogen has now been unofficially named Pajaroellobacter abortibovis.

Other breakthroughs followed quickly. The cultivation of the bacteria in im-munodeficient mice gave new life to research efforts. A vaccine development phase was initiated with over $200,000 from the California Cattlemen Association’s Livestock Memorial Research Fund and financial support from SVM and their collaborators at the University of Nevada, Reno. In 2009, a small group of heifers

Solving the Puzzle of Foothill Abortion in Beef Cattle

G.A. Nader is UC Cooperative Extension (UCCE) Livestock and Natural Resources Farm Advisor, Sutter, Yuba and Butte countiesM.N. Oliver is UCCE Staff Research Assistant, Retired; J.A. Finzel is UCCE Livestock and Natural Resources AdvisorKern, Kings and Tulare counties

M.T. Blanchard is Specialist in Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis School of Veterinary MedicineJ.L. Stott is Professor of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine


were protected against experimental infection after they were immunized several weeks prior to breeding with a candidate vaccine that was both live and infectious.

The success of a second and larger trial in 2010 prompted SVM researchers to pursue product licensing with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Center for Veterinary Biologics. Vaccine efficacy experiments were conducted in accor-dance with USDA regulations. University-owned heifers were immunized before breeding and then administered an artificial challenge with virulent bacteria at the peak of fetal susceptibility (100 days gestation). Vaccine field trials that combined USDA-required field safety trials with field efficacy were then initiated at the UC Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center on UC Davis Department of Animal Science heifers, on heifers at University of Nevada, Reno, and on producer-owned beef herds in California and Nevada. Over 1,600 heifers were enrolled in these trials in 2011 and 2012. Additional funding for such a massive effort was provided to the SVM by UC’s Office of the President via a UC Proof of Concept Discovery Grant (grant ID no. 212263).

Although the results of these studies are currently being assembled, prelimi-nary assessment of the experimental vaccine indicates excellent protection against foothill abortion has been successfully demonstrated. All the successes realized to date were a result of SVM collaborations across the UC spectrum with CAHFS’s diagnostic laboratory at UC Davis, the UC Davis Department of Animal Science, UCCE, the Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center, and also with research-ers at the University of Nevada, Reno.

Historically, specialty vaccines created for use only in California were licensed through the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA). Currently, CDFA does not process new specialty vaccines, requiring researchers to work with the USDA to get the foothill abortion vaccine licensed. USDA requirements are more stringent than CDFA’s requirements, as food animal vaccines must comply with the federal Virus-Serum-Toxin Act requirements. SVM and USDA are chart-ing new territory as they work to certify the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. The developers of the vaccine at SVM are in the process of establishing a USDA-required vaccine seed, determining if production can be scaled up to a commercial level and identifying viable options for commercial production of the vaccine.

As the commercialization efforts proceed, researchers are fine-tuning the vac-cination regime to address concerns over the prolonged persistence of the vaccine bacteria and the potential impact on embryonic mortality in animals bred within weeks following vaccination. These studies are being conducted using a combina-tion of UC and private producer replacement heifers. The vaccine dose is being adjusted downward, and the time from vaccination to breeding is being extended. The vaccine cannot be administered to pregnant cattle. Skin reactions following vaccination suggest that the live bacterial pathogen can persist for up to 2 months. On the positive side, this bacterial persistence induces a solid immunity that likely lasts through the next breeding cycle and possibly beyond. Studies are under way

to begin to address length of immunity.The fact that the vaccine is live and infectious poses several unique challenges.

For example, the cryopreserved bacteria must be transported and stored in liquid nitrogen, and the cost of purchasing the vaccine could also be high because of the cost of manufacturing — the live vaccine must be cultured in an immunodeficient mouse. The California Cattlemen’s Association is working to develop a regional distribution system for the vaccine, which could become available within a couple of years.

Work is being conducted to develop a recombinant vaccine through genomic research. In a recombinant vaccine, the genomic sequence of candidate bacterial genes must first be established. Next, the genes must be expressed as protein and then combined with adjuvant(s) to construct candidate vaccines. A recombinant vaccine would be far less sensitive to temperature and would not require immuno-deficient mice in the manufacturing process, thereby making the finished product much more cost effective and practical for on-ranch use.

Subsequent findings by the SVM researchers have also improved the diagnos-tic procedures for identifying foothill abortions at the CAHFS diagnostic labora-tory at UC Davis and have provided additional important information for UCCE to extend to ranchers to confirm abortions caused by the disease. Researchers are now actively pursuing validation of a diagnostic assay that may allow ranchers in the future to identify cows that have been exposed to the tick. Such an assay could be used to establish susceptibility of naïve replacement heifers to foothill abortion or confirm whether the disease is present on a ranch.

Decades of hard work by UC researchers and educators all across the system have allowed the pieces of this difficult disease puzzle to come together in assisting California’s cattle ranchers.

ReferencesBlanchard MT, Chen CI, Anderson M, et al. Serial passage of the etiologic

agent of epizootic bovine abortion in immunodeficient mice. Vet Microbiol. 2010. 144(1–2):177-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.01.002 [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Bushnell R, Oliver M, Nader G, Norman B. Foothill Abortion. 1991. Davis: Veterinary Medicine Extension, Cooperative Extension, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California.

King DP, Chen C-I, Blanchard MT, et al. Molecular identification of a novel deltaproteobacterium as the etiologic agent of epizootic bovine abortion (foothill abortion). J Clin Microbiol. 2005. 43(2):604-9. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.2.604-609.2005 [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Stott JL, Blanchard MT, Anderson M, et al. Experimental transmission of epi-zootic bovine abortion (foothill abortion). Vet Microbiol. 2002. 88(2):161-73. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00109-8 [CrossRef]

“Solving the puzzle of foothill abortion in beef cattle” by G. Nader et al, from California Agriculture Journal, October-December 2014 68(4):114-115Copyright © 2014 The Regents of the University of California. Used by permission.

http://californiaagriculture.ucanr.edu/landingpage.cfm?article=ca.v068n04p114&fulltext=yes Cattle Photos: Elena Zhukova

Pajaroello tick

Will Suckow Photo; specimen provided by Bohart Museum of Entomology


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is average. Every one point difference is then equivalent to a one

percent difference in conception rate. For example, if Sire A has

a PregCheck of 102 and Sire B has a PregCheck of 100, Sire A is

predicted to be two percent higher in conception rate than Sire B.

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Genex Launches PregCheck™ Fertility RankingBy Brad Johnson, Beef Product Development Manager, Genex Cooperative, Inc.

Beef sire fertility data has always been high on the wish list of Genex members, customers and sales representatives, yet has proven highly elusive. That is, until now. Genex is pleased to launch PregCheck, the first sire fertility evaluation in the beef industry.

The historical method to evaluate semen fertility was for a trained veterinarian or lab technician to check semen with a microscope for percent live sperm cells, motility and morphology. In fact, every collection of semen produced by Genex is evaluated multiple times in the lab before it’s approved for use in the marketplace. Lab analysis is very effective in ensuring semen has been properly processed, frozen and handled. However, lab analysis of bull semen only tells part of the story. The semen of two dif-ferent bulls may look very similar under the microscope, yet perform very differently when used in cows. A far better method is to let the cows tell us which bull’s semen is most fertile, and that’s what PregCheck does.

The dairy industry has had sire conception rate evaluations for decades. Routine pregnancy checks, standard farm management software, high artificial insemination (A.I.) use and lack of natural service sires allows modern dairies to capture large amounts of highly accurate breeding data that’s difficult to obtain from beef ranches. Recently Genex has worked with several large dairies to generate PregCheck rankings for beef sires. Beef semen is used on the dairy, a veterinarian pregnancy tests cows at 30 to

40 days post-breeding and reconfirms at 60 to 80 days. Pregnancy results are entered in the farm’s computer software and ultimately this data becomes part of the Genex fertility evaluation run approximately every 90 days.

The evaluation model is the same model used for so many years for dairy sires, ex-cept set to a beef base, meaning beef sires are compared against other beef sires. Many variables are statistically accounted for in the model, these include: technician, herd effect, age of cow, milk production levels, number of previous breedings and many oth-ers. This highly sophisticated genetic evaluation model, along with accurate on-farm data, results in PregCheck data that is extremely sound and reliable. It should be noted that PregCheck is not an EPD, but can be read and utilized similarly to an EPD or a

performance ratio. See the sidebar for information on how to interpret PregCheck data.In some herds, focusing heavily on maximizing the number of early born, A.I.

sired calves is imperative. Using high ranking PregCheck sires from Genex will help do so, versus using unproven young sires or unknown sires from other sources. Using proven, high ranking PregCheck sires from Genex is a great way to stack the deck in your favor!

For most situations, PregCheck will become a part of the A.I. sire selection cri-teria, but should not be the only criteria. Using PregCheck proven sires will allow the ranch to achieve more pregnancies to A.I., thus reducing labor at calving by tightening the calving window, weaning older heavier calves and making genetic progress at a more rapid rate. Like A.I. sires with proven EPDs for calving ease or growth traits, a sire with a PregCheck ranking will help reduce risk versus the unknown.

PregCheck is an evaluation of the bull’s frozen semen conception rates, not natural service capabilities of his sons or fertility level of his daughters.

While one goal is certainly to find the extremely high fertility bulls, PregCheck arguably offers greater value as a culling tool. Genex has already removed bulls from the lineup due to poor PregCheck evaluations, and will continue to do so as data is available on more bulls. While this decision has sent some genetically solid bulls back to the breeding pasture, rest assured that Genex is committed to providing the most fertile semen in the industry. This dedication to high fertility allows Genex members, customers and sales representatives to use Genex beef sires with a greater confidence, knowing these bulls have not only met the traditional laboratory evaluation but also passed the test on the farm/ranch.

Check out the PregCheck rankings throughout this year’s Beef Genetic Manage-ment Guide, and watch for more data throughout the year on the Genex website.

How to use PregCheck:PregCheck is set to a 100 base system, meaning a value of 100 is average. Every

one point difference is then equivalent to a one percent difference in conception r ate. For example, if Sire A has a PregCheck of 102 and Sire B has a PregCheck of 100, Sire A is predicted to be two percent higher in conception rate than Sire B.


Drought Information StatementNational Weather Service Reno NV 415 Am Pst Tue Feb 17 2015

Drought statement for Nevada and Eastern California... ...Severe to exceptional drought conditions in Central and Western Nevada and Eastern California...

1/ Nevada and Eastern California drought disaster designations...As of February 4 2015...All counties in California along the Nevada border were designated as primary natural drought disaster areas by the U.S. De-partment of Agriculture. In Nevada the following counties were designated as primary natural disaster areas due to damages and losses caused by the drought conditions: Carson City...Churchill... Clark...Douglas...Esmer-alda...Humboldt...Lander...Lyon...Mineral... Nye...Pershing and Washoe. Farmers and ranchers in Elko... Eureka...Lincoln...Storey and White Pine counties also qualify for natural disaster assistance as these counties were designated contiguous natural disaster areas. From USDA. A second emer-gency drought proclamation was made by Gov. Jerry Brown of California in April 2014 that would ease some environmental protections and make it easier to transfer water to farmers. The executive order also shortens the application process for farmers seeking irrigation water and hastens the process for cities wanting to upgrade or expand water systems. Addition-ally, home owners associations may not fine residents who choose not to water their lawns. The order also makes Cal Fire and other emergency responders exempt from competitive bidding rules when buying equipment to fight fires or reduce fire risk. From Reuters, NY, April 25, 2014. In late November 2014 the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation announced the awarding of 9.2 Billion dollars to 131 research groups across the Western U.S. This funding is for developing ideas to ensure a reliable and sustainable water supply. Partners in this effort include federal and non-federal agencies...Research centers and laboratories...And universities and private compa-nies. From Houston, TX, Chronicle, Nov 20, 2014. See www.USDA.Gov/drought /in lower case/ for more information on drought disaster declara-tions and assistance.

2/ Current drought intensity in Nevada and Eastern California... The U.S. Drought Monitor /droughtmonitor.unl.edu/ is updated weekly by the national drought mitigation center. It is a synthesis of multiple drought indices and impacts that represents a consensus of scientists in many fed-eral...State and local agencies...As well as those in private industry. The drought monitor is used by the USDA to determine drought severity...To declare drought disaster and is the mechanism used to provide aid to the agricultural community. It is also the primary tool used by the Nevada de-partments of emergency management and water resources to respond to and provide assistance for drought and mitigate drought impacts through their drought response plan. As of February 10 2015...The U.S. Drought Moni-tor classified most of Western...Central and Southern Nevada and Eastern California as in severe drought /level 2 of 4 levels of drought/ or greater. A large part of far Eastern Nevada saw improvement in its drought status as a result of monsoon rains that fell from late July through the middle of September...And precipitation that fell in October and December. The area of extreme to exceptional drought in Nevada included all or portions of the

following counties... Carson City... Churchill... Douglas... Elko... Esmer-alda... Eureka... Humboldt... Lander... Lyon... Mineral... Nye... Pershing... Storey and Washoe. The hardest hit areas of drought...Where it was classi-fied as exceptional... Are much of Pershing and Mineral counties...A small part of Western Lander County...All of storey County and Carson City...Along with Douglas and Lyon counties...And the southern half of Washoe County in Nevada. The areas least affected by drought in Nevada included Central and Eastern Elko County...White Pine County...Far Northeast Nye County and much of Lincoln and Clark counties which were classified as in moderate drought /drought level 1/.

Drought severity was classified as extreme or exceptional for all Cali-fornia counties bordering Nevada from Modoc County south to Western San Bernardino County. The area of exceptional drought /drought level 4/ included much of Lassen County... Far Eastern Plumas... Sierra... Nevada... Placer and Eldorado Counties...And all of Alpine County. The northern 2/3rds of Mono County and the Sierra Crest portion of Inyo County were also classified as having exceptional drought. The remainder of Mono County...Most of Inyo County and Far Western San Bernardino County were classified as having extreme drought. Southeast Inyo County and much of the remainder of San Bernardino County were classified as having severe drought...Except for those areas of San Bernardino County border-ing the Colorado River which was classified as having abnormally dry conditions to moderate drought.

3/ Synopsis... Below to much below normal precipitation has oc-curred over most of Eastern California and Nevada since October 2011. Small parts of Eastern and Western Nevada have experienced near normal to slightly above normal precipitation during this time...As well as areas along the Colorado River in extreme southeast California. During the cal-endar year 2014...Precipitation was below normal for central and southern Nevada and much of west central Nevada...As well as most of Eastern California from the Tahoe Basin south. Parts of far Western Nevada...Alpine County in California...Northeast Nevada...Far Northwest Nevada...Northeast California...And far southeast California near the Colorado River received above normal precipitation for the year. Above average precipitation across northern and Eastern Nevada in May of 2014 and again during the summer monsoon from July through early September 2014 brought East Central Nevada to above normal for the year. Heavy convec-tive rain in May 2014 and again in July and August 2014 brought a small part of Western Nevada...Mostly Mineral County...to above average. These convective rains along with wet periods during November and December 2014 brought much of Northeast California and far Northwest Nevada to above normal for the past year. A wet pacific storm brought moderate to heavy rain across Northeast California in early February 2015...Pushing the area above normal for the water year 2015...But snow levels were quite high in this storm. This limited the extent of additional snow cover...An important source of water during the irrigation season. /See:http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/wwdt/archive.php?Folder=pon6per

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Lovelock Listening SessionJuly 28, 2014 | (50 attendees)

1. Conjunctive Use – Discussion was had regarding conjunctive use, which is the use of surface water and groundwater to optimize the water supply and prevent undesirable effects to either. It could include the storage of surface water in aquifers during wet years to use in dry years.

2. Augmentation plans – Should junior groundwater right applicants be re-quired to provide surface water to senior appropriators prior to the granting of a groundwater right in hydrologically connected waters?

3. Pit Lakes – What should be done with them?a. Fill them in with waste rock?b. Require a water right to cover the evaporation from them?c. Can pit lake water be used during drought?

4. What is meant by temporary in nature mining water rights? Should tempo-rary in nature be defined in statute?

5. Drought – In river dominated basins, should groundwater pumping by water right holders junior to senior surface water right holders be curtailed in times of drought in order to protect base flows to hydrologically connected rivers?

6. Regulation by priority – Should the State Engineer actively pursue basin regulation, which entails cutting off groundwater rights from use?

7. Discussion of water quality issues in the Lovelock basin and future develop-ment of water resources in the area.

8. Should the State Engineer use water level declines as a measuring stick for cutting off users?

9. South Fork Humboldt River flood flows – Should they be sent down the river instead of using it in the reservoir?

10. Cloud seeding – Should the State take the lead in pursuing a cloud seeding program?

11. Valmy area stream losses in the Humboldt River. Should the State attempt to improve that stretch of the river?

12. Should there be aquifer storage and recovery projects (ASR) in the headwa-ters of the Humboldt River?

13. Should junior groundwater right holders be paid to not pump so senior sur-face water right holders get their water?

14. Should supplemental groundwater rights be issued in river dominated basins?

Elko Listening SessionJuly 29, 2014 | (27 attendees)

1. Can the State Engineer allow an agent to sign stockwater affidavits?2. When a water right or a portion of a water right is withdrawn from a change

application, will the State Engineer allow it to revert to the base right from which it was changed?

3. A request was made of the State Engineer to meter all wells in basins along the Humboldt River.

4. It was suggested that the State Engineer adopt a new assessment on mining and use it for cloud seeding.

5. Explained the operations of South Fork Reservoir and release of flood flows.6. A request was made that personnel from the Division of Water Resources

and the Pershing County Water Conservation District and other interested parties meet once a year before the irrigation season.

7. Questions on the effect of merely filing a protest; is the filing of a protest enough by itself to deny an application?

Ely SessionJuly 30, 2014 | (24 attendees)

1. Discussion of the BDR that proposes to change the threshold for triggering NRS § 533.364 inventory; proposed change from 250 acre-feet annually to 25% of the perennial yield.

2. Concern was expressed that too many basins are fully or over appropriated.3. A questions was raised as to whether mountain block springs should be

included in any NRS § 533.364 basin inventory. Additionally, a concern was raised about private contractors entering private lands in conducting an inventory.

4. Discussion of potential future water issues in Grass Valley, i.e., the prolifera-tion of domestic wells near an area with senior irrigation rights.

5. Domestic wells – Does the State Engineer have the general authority to reduce the quantity of water that may be pumped by domestic wells or can he reduce use of domestic wells only by regulating by priority?

6. Does a new inventory have to be completed for each interbasin transfer, even if the new transfer is in the same basin for which an inventory has already been prepared?

7. Are BLM Public Water Reserve 107 claims holding hostage many new proj-ect proposals, even where there is no merit to claim?

8. It was asserted that a Public Water Reserve 107 claim can be filed for domes-tic and stock water only, not wildlife. What manner of use supports a PWR

IntroductionDuring July and August 2014, the Nevada State Engineer held seven official listening sessions in communities throughout the state (Lovelock, Elko, Ely, Pioche,

Las Vegas, Tonopah, and Carson City). Notification of these sessions were through a press release, a publication in local newspapers, posting on the Division of Water Resources website and a mass emailing to water professionals throughout the state. Despite this outreach, only 200 people attended the seven listening sessions.

The State Engineer held these listening sessions to provide information on water-related issues in Nevada, proposed bill drafts and most importantly, to listen to the public regarding issues of concern raised by those who attended. The following only lists the matters discussed, opinions expressed, and questions raised. It does not provide any analysis, response, or address individual issues. The State Engineer will be preparing a more detailed report analyzing the broader issues raised and possible initiatives that may be proposed in response.

Report to the Public Lands Committee on Listening SessionsState of Nevada, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources

Jason King, P.E., State Engineer, August 2014


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107 claim?9. Should the State Engineer initiate a drop dead time for filing of proofs of ap-

propriation on pre-statutory vested water right claims?10. Concerns were raised regarding the new U.S. Forest Service proposed direc-

tive on groundwater management.11. Concerns were raised regarding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s

proposed definition of “water of the United States”.12. Concerns were raised regarding mercury contamination from the use of

silver iodide in cloud seeding.13. It was requested that the State Engineer require the completion of an adju-

dication of pre-statutory vested rights and implied federal reserved rights before acting on applications for interbasin transfers of water.

14. Concerns were raised about fracking and its impact on warm/deep source springs.

15. Concerns were raised about whether the drought or mining uses of water are causing the loss of surface water flows in the Humboldt River.

16. The question was asked as to why does the State Engineer issue permits for wildlife on springs when NRS § 533.367 already requires that water be left at spring for wildlife that customarily uses the water?

17. Should guzzlers be allowed for livestock use without a water right?18. Who should be allowed to hold wildlife permits?19. Discussion was held regarding the expansion of acreage if the quantity used

is limited to the consumptive use of the water right.20. The State Engineer was urged to pay attention to drought and lack of water,

particularly in basins that are fully appropriated.21. What is the influence of pinyon pine and juniper trees on the amount of

recharge or quantity of water available for appropriation?22. Will the State Engineer allow new appropriations for commercial purposes

in fully appropriated or closed basins?23. Will the concentration of domestic wells and septic systems eventually

pollute the groundwater resource; should the State Engineer limit domestic wells?

24. Can a water right be issued for wildlife when it includes wild horses?

Pioche SessionJuly 31, 2014 | 13 attendees)

1. Pinyon-Junipers. At one point during the mining days, there were no pinyon-juniper trees using water; however, now there are a lot. What kind of effect are they having?

2. An opinion was expressed that there is virtually no significant recharge in Steptoe Valley (current studies say otherwise) and that Spring Valley and other valleys are similar; therefore, there is no water available for appropria-tion in those basins.

3. The Division was encouraged to be conservative in estimates of perennial yield.

4. In those areas where there is surface water, it was hoped the Division would issue supplemental groundwater for those dry years when surface water is not available.

5. A point was made that county governments would like to provide water to their citizens, but due to the size of the basins, infrastructure is a problem. Should collaborative discussions be pursued between counties or municipali-ties for joint development of groundwater projects?

6. A concern was raised over government picking and choosing which laws to follow.

7. A concern was raised about basins in effect being closed to junior water right applicants due to pending senior applications for which the applicant is not

ready for action. For example, Southern Nevada Water Authority interbasin transfer applications, Washoe County applications, Virgin Valley Water Dis-trict applications and Lincoln County Water District applications that have held up junior applications for years.

Las Vegas SessionAugust 5, 2014 | (22 attendees)

1. A spokesperson for the Sierra Club expressed concern with four areas.a. There should be no interbasin transfers allowed;b. Water quality in pit lakes;c. Fracking; andd. Groundwater depletion in the west and southwest.

5. Should the use of desalination be encouraged?6. Domestic well issues in Pahrump Valley. Should the State Engineer call for

proofs of beneficial use from utilities in the basin?7. A concern was raised that the State Engineer’s office seems to be all 3

branches of government. Is this fair?8. It was requested that the State Engineer begin sending 30-day notices on

forfeitures after an extension of time to prevent forfeiture has been granted in order to prevent forfeiture.

9. Over dedication to subdivision lots in Pahrump was supported as good water management.

10. Can someone protest municipality extensions of time?11. Concerns were raised regarding mercury contamination from the use of

silver iodide in cloud seeding.12. A concern was expressed that the perennial yield in Pahrump Valley is not

Report to the Public Lands Committee on Listening Sessions


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Tonopah SessionAugust 7, 2014

(13 attendees + 6 in Pahrump via video)1. 1. An opinion was expressed that the State Engineer has no authority to

call for proofs of beneficial use basin-wide, but rather can only regulate by priority. This opinion was based on the assertion that:

a. The State Engineer lacks statutory authority;b. The extension statute requires calling for proofs of beneficial use by

individual permit not by basin-wide order;c. It is not fair;d. That it could be a constitutional takings; and.e. A basin-wide call for proofs of beneficial use will conflict with the

prior appropriation system of appropriating water.2. It was recommended that the State Engineer request an Attorney General

opinion on whether he can call for proofs of beneficial use basin-wide.3. It was recommended that Nye County require a 2 acre-foot dedication for

any new domestic well in Pahrump Valley.4. Discussion on the proposed BDR on Active Management Area/Critical

Management Areas.5. Regulation of domestic wells; what can be done?6. Can the State Engineer prepare basin abstracts for surface water sources

akin to what is produced for active groundwater rights?7. Additional discussion on the issue of pit lake water.8. Discussion was had whether federal claims to water should be adjudicated

in federal or state court.9. Should the State Engineer initiate a drop dead time for filing of proofs of

appropriation on pre-statutory vested water right claims?10. Concerns were raised regarding the new U.S. Forest Service proposed

directive on groundwater management.11. The State Engineer was encouraged to work with the BLM on right-of-way

and water right issues so that the water right applicant is not caught in a Catch-22.

12. What is the definition of over allocated?13. Southern Nevada Water Authority pipeline update.

Carson City SessionAugust 12, 2014 | (47 attendees)

1. Defining perennial yield. Does recharge belong to the groundwater basin even if it discharges to a surface water source? Is that not the base flow for the river and belongs to the river? How do we allocate full perennial yield if some of that recharge is discharged as base flow to the river?

2. Quantification of diversion rate only certificates; will this be done retro-actively in-house or will the water right holder be asked for information to support any quantification?

3. Concern about the effect of granting additional water rights on the en-vironment. Continuing to allocate water, but might not see the effect or damage to streams and rivers for years.

4. Conservation in general is treated with a cavalier attitude. The opinion was expressed that water agencies are not concerned with wasteful use of water and should not police themselves. Should there be more State oversight?

5. The opinion was expressed that conservation plans for municipalities need more substance.

6. The opinion was expressed that municipalities should have stronger penal-ties for wasting water to encourage conservation.

Report to the PLC on Listening Sessions


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2015ProgressiveRancher_Malson.indd 1 12/15/14 3:00 PM

7. The opinion was expressed that in river dominated basins, groundwater pumping should be curtailed or that groundwater pumpers who are affect-ing surface water flow should acquire surface water rights to offset the impacts of groundwater pumping on the surface source.

8. A concern was raised about the effect of changing the point of diversion of large water users into concentrated areas and the impact on existing water right holders and domestic wells.

9. A concern was expressed regarding small water rights holders having a problem participating in the protest and hearing process because of lack of money to participate. It was suggested that a protest could be filed for a “project” instead of requiring a protest for each water right application.

10. 3M Plans (monitoring, management and mitigation plans) – who enforces them?

11. It was suggested that, in establishing perennial yields, water should be left for the plants and that the evapotranspiration from plants should not be counted as part of the perennial yield.

12. Does the Office of the State Engineer have adequate staff? For example, if call for the filing of all proofs of appropriation of pre-statutory vested water rights, is there staff to take them through adjudications?

13. The opinion was expressed that the fees for filing proofs should not be raised if the State Engineer is going to call for proofs.

14. Discussion was had regarding maps for pre-statutory vested stockwater rights and whether GPS coordinates would be adequate as opposed to a map prepared by a water rights surveyor?

15. Should the State Engineer consider the amount of water used by domestic wells in analyzing the quantity of water appropriated in a basin?

16. Fracking.17. Discussion was had as to what happens to a water right if a farmer does

not want to farm for a couple of years.18. Application maps, discussion of using GPS vs. bearing and tie.19. What are the water assessments charged on property tax used for?20. It was suggested the State Engineer require all groundwater wells in ba-

sins that could affect the Humboldt River be metered.21. Is the use of all surface water measured?22. Concerns were raised regarding the new U.S. Forest Service proposed

directive on groundwater management.23. What is the State Engineer’s position on wild horses and burrows? Are

they wildlife?24. NRS § 533.503 – needs to be amended to allow leasees to apply for stock-

water rights.25. It was suggested that meters should be mandated on all wells.26. How is the State Engineer addressing a changing climate and its effect on

water supplies?27. Concern was raised about protection of domestic well users.28. The opinion was expressed that in addressing climate change and drought

there should be a mechanism to over allocate resources to municipalities for protection of their ability to deliver water.

29. Should the State Engineer reevaluate all the perennial yield calculations in light of climate change?

30. Should a higher duty of water be allowed per acre of irrigation in recogni-tion of warmer temperatures and longer seasons of use?

31. The opinion was expressed that the State should encourage more conver-sations like these listening sessions and that there is a real opportunity for leadership at the State level that is not being taken advantage of at this time.

32. The opinion was expressed that the State needs serious, comprehensive water planning and a priority should be that all portions of the state must thrive.

Report to the PLC on Listening Sessions


The Progressive Rancher Coloring Page


Howell Ranch5900+ Deeded acres, capable of running 500+

cow/calf pairs, 140 replacement heifers, 30+ herd bulls. 1073.00 AUM’s BLM; USFS land 5 AUM’s

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640 AC N. Fifth Street (Elko, NV)Section 25, Twp.37N, Rge.54E. Water Well

and seasonal creek through property. Close to Elko’s Snow Bowl ski area. Easy access, Great

views of the Ruby Mountains. $400,000

Wells Arena (Wells, NV)Old Clover Road. 12+ Acres with 15,400 sq. ft. metal building & storage shed. Power, private

well. Wire and panel fenced. $480,000

Shadow Mtn. Ranch12.5 Acres in Duck Creek Basin in Nevada.Beautiful spacious 4,000 sq. ft. home with 4 bedrooms/3 bathrooms. Water RightsHunting and Fishing Galore! $995,000

J and M FarmMinutes from Battle Mountain, Nevada.

464 Pioneer Way (Western Hills, Elko, NV)

42 acres. Beautiful 2,640 sq. ft. Custom Home. Spectacular Mountain & Lake Views.

3 bedroom/3 bath – walk out basement with master suite. Barn with power & water,

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Sherman Hills Ranch1,259.51 acre Private Ranch in Osino, close to Elko, Nevada with year round creek through the property. Three large pastures, fenced and cross fenced. Garage, shop, corrals. Permanent manuf. home. $1,500,000

Clear Creek RanchSouth of Winnemucca, Nevada. Approximately

10,000 Deeded Acres. 11 Month BLM LeaseApprox. 740 irrigated acres, 2 large

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J M Farm (Winnemucca)58 acre farm Two homes, barn and horse corrals.

Starr Valley PastureUnique fenced 1,104 acres on Boulder Creek bordering U.S. Forest Service in Starr Valley, Nevada. Water-righted with nice meadows. $1,400,000

Recanzone RanchNeat ranch in Paradise Valley, Nevada.

900+ acres, 300 AUMs, right by town. Original Sandstone House. Easy access to Hinkey

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SOCIETY FOR RANGE MANAGEMENTGuest Editorial: Wildfire Suppression Borrowing

Pete Anderson, State Forester, Nevada Division of Forestry

June 18, 2014

The benefits of active natural resource management have been proven across the west, demonstrating that a proactive investment results

in lower wildfire suppression costs. Forest, woodland and rangeland manage-ment reduces fuel loading, improves ecosystem health, creates resilient land-scapes and reduces the threat of catastrophic wildfire. Unfortunately, despite being in the budget, many proactive fuels reduction and vegetative treatment projects are not occurring because of ongoing “wildfire borrowing.”

Historically, federal land management agencies such as the US Forest Service (FS) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) have covered the costs of wild-fire suppression, based on a ten year average, through their annual agency budget process. Meanwhile, throughout the country there has been a significant increase in the number, size, intensity and frequency of wildfire ignitions and the associated costs of wildfire suppression have likewise grown tremendously. This situation forces the FS and BLM to “borrow” from remaining agency programs to cover the wildfire suppression expenditures and, during extreme wildfire seasons, to pursue emergency funding from Congress. The impacted agencies request reimbursement from Congress for the “borrowed” funds during the next fiscal year, but it is often not fully replaced and even when it is, funds may be “borrowed” yet again. This cycle has significantly impacted numerous FS and BLM programs such as wild-fire prevention, preparedness and on the ground fuels treatment projects, which if implemented, could in fact reduce the size and intensity of wildfires.

The “wildfire borrowing” challenge has been growing incrementally for years. In an effort to address the problem, a diverse coalition of entities led by the Na-tional Association of State Foresters encouraged Congress to pass the Federal Land Assistance Management and Enhancement Act (FLAME Act) in 2009 and it was signed by the President. FLAME established reserve accounts for the FS and BLM to pay for wildfire suppression costs above their agency budgets without impact-ing other critical agency programs. Unfortunately, since the Act’s passage in 2009, Congress has not always fully funded the FLAME accounts and has redirected FLAME funding for other purposes, so “wildfire borrowing” continues. On June

9, 2014, the USDA released a report detailing the impacts of “wildfire borrowing” on every state. These impacts include reductions in local wildfire preparedness, forest restoration and wildfire prevention. As an example, in Nevada critical work was not completed on the Santa Rosa Ranger District and FS road maintenance machinery was not purchased, impacting National Forest roads. In California nu-merous forest restoration and fuels reduction projects did not occur because funds were diverted to pay wildfire suppression expenses. The list of impacts is lengthy and can be found at http://www.fs.fed.us/publications/forest-service-fire-transfer-state-impacts.pdf.

A May 2014 FS report projects the cost of suppressing wildfire this summer at nearly $1.8 billion, $470 million more than the FS and BLM 2014 wildfire budgets. During FFY 2012 and FFY 2013, the FS had to transfer $440 million and $505 million respectively from other existing agency programs to cover wildfire sup-pression expenditures. The result? Over the last 12 years the staggering amount of $3.2 billion was shifted from other critical forest management and fuels reduction programs to pay for suppression.

The solution is simple and is basic common sense: treat wildfire suppression costs similarly to how the Federal Emergency Management Agency manages other disasters such as tornados, hurricanes and floods. According to FS and BLM analysis, one percent of all wildfires result in thirty percent of the total costs to suppress wildfires. By establishing a “disaster cap” within a federal agency budget, suppression costs that exceed the “disaster cap” could be funded outside of the agency budget similar to other disasters. Bipartisan bills to establish “emergency accounts” have been introduced in both the Senate (S 1875) and the House (HR 3992) and are well supported by Western Governors and numerous NGOs. Some resistance to the legislation remains, as there is a perception that Congress may lose some oversight of the federal agency expenditures. However, appropriate fiscal and reporting controls can and should be built into the legislation, because continued failure to address the “wildfire borrowing” issues will further delay critical natural resource projects that would, in fact, reduce the threat of catastrophic wildfire.

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The Society for Range Management (SRM) is “the professional society dedicated to supporting persons who work with rangelands and have a commitment to their sustainable use.” SRM’s members are ranchers, land managers, scientists, educators, students, conservationists – a diverse membership guided by a professional code of ethics and unified by a strong land ethic. This series of articles is dedicated to connecting the science of range management with the art, by applied science on the ground in Nevada. Articles are the opinion of the author and may not be an official position of SRM. Further information and a link to submit suggestions or questions are available at the Nevada Section website at http://www.ag.unr.edu/nsrm/. SRM’s main webpage is www.rangelands.org. We welcome your comments.

June 25, 2014

The Nevada Department of Conservation & Natural Resources, Divi-sion of Forestry (Division) developed the Wildland Fire

Protection Program (WFPP), to defend the people and lands of Nevada against wildland fire through collaborative and comprehensive use of expertise and fire sup-pression, prevention and restoration resources available throughout the state. The Division is transitioning “all risk” emergency services in the remaining two NRS 473 Fire Districts, to Elko County on January 1, 2015 and Clark County July 1, 2015 and will focus on nat-ural resource management responsibili-ties and the comprehensive management of wildfire. The WFPP works to address the many challenges of wildfire manage-ment and allows local jurisdictions to focus on all-risk emergency services.

Increasing wildland fire suppression capacity and capability within the Division is in the best interests of State and local gov-ernmental agencies. The program focuses re-sponse capabilities where historical fire occur-rences and “values at risk” intersect. The program provides historically “unable-to-fill” suppression resources, develops more Type 3 Incident Command-ers and associated staff, and provides technical assistance with FEMA’s Fire Management Assistance Grant program, as well as fuel reduction projects, cost share agreements and train-ing. The program is voluntary. Counties pay an annual assessment to help fund the program based on wildland fire risk. Participation allows the State to provide financial assistance with wildland fire costs, use of Nevada Division of Forestry resources on other emergencies that threaten human life and property, increased availability of suppression forces for all, enhanced fuels reduction projects and improved restoration of burned areas. Other benefits include incident management assistance, wildfire prevention programs, public education and training.

The Wildland Fire Protection Program provides the State of Nevada and par-ticipating jurisdictions enhanced capability:

before a wildfire occurs through fuels management projects (e.g. green strips, thinning, reductions, defensible space, and community infrastruc-ture) and fire prevention activities (e.g. public education, compliance with rules, regulations and restrictions);

during a wildfire through increased Initial Attack suppression resources and coordination, Incident Management capability, technical expertise for

FMAGs and cost share agreements and logistics; andafter the wildfire with Burned Area Rehabilitation and

Restoration.An emerging opportunity for Nevada is the cre-

ation of Rangeland Fire Protection Associations (RFPAs) to improve the early detection and

initial attack of wildfire ignitions in our rural areas. Our interagency objective is to locate and suppress wildfire ignitions rapidly with the goal of keeping all wildfires small. The interagency fire service has a very commendable record of suppressing ap-proximately 95% of all unwanted wildfire ignitions. The remaining 5% grow large and typically become the most expensive

wildfires to suppress. Establishing the nec-essary legislative authority to form RFPAs in

Nevada will improve detection, response and suppression of wildfire ignitions in the rural

areas of our state. RFPA’s are successfully operat-ing in Oregon and Idaho and are functioning under

respective enabling state legislation. A Bill Draft Re-quest is proposed for the 2015 Nevada Legislature to cre-

ate similar authority in Nevada for the formation of RFPAs.The Division and the Department of Conservation & Natural

Resources (DCNR) fully recognizes the importance of comprehensive management of Nevada’s sagebrush ecosystems. The two primary threats are wild-fire and invasive plant species and while the sage grouse is the current and highly visible species of concern, there are numerous species dependent upon sagebrush ecosystems that could be at risk. With the formation of the Sagebrush Ecosystem Council and the Sagebrush Ecosystem Technical Team land management decisions are now moving toward integration with stakeholders. DCNR and the Division are committed to stabilizing and improving sagebrush ecosystems working with private landowners and coordinating priority projects with adjacent federal land managers. The Division brings a variety of natural resource expertise, equipment, seed collection and application capabilities including aerial seeding and a trained statewide labor force. While the rehabilitation challenges are numerous, the prospects for success are high and will strengthen over time with an interagency, landscape approach.

SOCIETY FOR RANGE MANAGEMENT2014 SRM Tour Summary:

Nevada Division of Forestry Wildfire Protection Program

See also ““NSRM Hosts Summer Workshop on Rangeland Fire, parts 1 & 2” in the September/October issue of The Progressive Rancher.

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NCBA: Dietary Guidelines Recommendations are MisleadingWASHINGTON (Feb. 19, 2015) – Today, the U.S. Department of Health and

Human Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture released the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee’s report. This report is a recommendation to the Secretaries as they develop the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans that will be released later this year. Unfortunately, the report is inconsistent, and if adopted will lead to conflicting dietary advice. On one hand, the Committee has endorsed the Mediterranean style diet, which has higher red meat levels than currently con-

sumed in the U.S.; and on the other hand, they have left lean meat out of what they consider to be a healthy dietary pattern.

Dr. Shalene McNeill, Registered Dietitian and Nutrition Scientist with Na-tional Cattlemen’s Beef Association said the recommendation that a healthy dietary pattern should be lower in red meat is not consistent with scientific evidence and would be unsound dietary advice.

“Lean meat is red meat. Today’s beef supply is leaner than ever before with more than 30 cuts of beef recognized as lean by government standards,” said McNeill. “The protein foods category, which includes meat, is the only category currently consumed within the current guidelines, and it is misleading to conclude that a healthy dietary pattern should be lower in red meat.”

According to the report, “dietary patterns with positive health benefits are described as high in vegetables, fruit, whole grains, seafood, legumes, and nuts; moderate in low- and non-fat dairy products; lower in red and processed meat; and low in sugar-sweetened foods and beverages and refined grains.”

Unfortunately, the statement disregards the positive role of lean meat. Lean beef is one of the most nutrient rich foods, providing high levels of essential nutri-ents such as zinc, iron and protein, as opposed to empty calories.

Dr. Richard Thorpe, Texas medical doctor and cattle producer, said the key to a healthy lifestyle is building a balanced diet around the healthy foods you enjoy eating, coupled with physical activity.

“It is absurd for the Advisory Committee to suggest that Americans should eat less red meat and focus so heavily on plant-based diets,” said Thorpe. “The Ameri-can diet is already 70 percent plant based and to further emphasize plant-based diets will continue to have unintended consequences. The Advisory Committee got it wrong in the ‘80s advising a diet high in carbs, and look at what that got us – an obesity problem. My colleagues and I commonly encourage people to include lean beef more often for their health, not less.”

Thorpe added, “We are disappointed the Advisory Committee would go outside the purview and expertise of nutrition/health research to bring in topics such as sustainability. We urge the Secretaries to reject the Advisory Committee’s recommendations on topics outside of diet and health.”

Lean meat plays an important role in the American diet and science shows it needs to be recognized as part of a healthy dietary pattern just as it was in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. On behalf of U.S. cattle producers that work each and every day to provide a nutritious and healthful beef product for consum-ers, we encourage Secretaries Burwell and Vilsack to reject the Advisory Com-mittee’s recommendation that healthy American diets should be lower in red meat. The process was incomplete with flawed conclusions specific to health benefits of red meat’s role in the American diet.

BLM and Forest Service Announce 2015 Grazing FeeThe Federal grazing fee for 2015 will be $1.69 per animal unit month

(AUM) for public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management and $1.69 per head month (HM) for lands managed by the U.S. Forest Service. The 2014 fee was $1.35.

An AUM or HM – treated as equivalent measures for fee purposes – is the use of public lands by one cow and her calf, one horse, or five sheep or goats for a month. The newly calculated grazing fee, determined by a congressional formula and effective on March 1, applies to nearly 18,000 grazing permits and leases administered by the BLM and more than 8,000 permits administered by the Forest Service.

The formula used for calculating the grazing fee, which was established by Congress in the 1978 Public Rangelands Improvement Act, has continued under a presidential Executive Order issued in 1986. Under that order, the grazing fee cannot fall below $1.35 per AUM, and any increase or decrease cannot exceed

25 percent of the previous year’s level.The annually determined grazing fee is computed by using a 1966 base

value of $1.23 per AUM/HM for livestock grazing on public lands in Western states. The figure is then calculated according to three factors – current private grazing land lease rates, beef cattle prices, and the cost of livestock production. In effect, the fee rises, falls, or stays the same based on market conditions, with livestock operators paying more when conditions are better and less when conditions have declined.

The 2015 grazing fee of $1.69 per AUM/HM grazing fee applies to 16 West-ern states on public lands administered by the BLM and the Forest Service. The states are Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Permit holders and lessees may contact their local BLM or U.S. Forest Service office for additional information.

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Congratulations to Claire Nielson of Ephraim, UT on his 2011 calf crop sired by Stipe bulls. Ownership in these calves was retained by Nielson as they

were fed at Hi-Gain Feedlot in Cozad, NE under manager Jeff Rudolph. Here is the Feedlot performance of the 89 steers and 59 heifers.

Weigh-In WGT

Days on

FeedA.D.G. Feed

Conv. Kill WGT Dress%

Steers 680 198 4.1 5.1-1 1491 66.23Heifers 622 204 3.8 5.5-1 1397 66.17

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Nevada’s Priority Agricultural Weeds:

Canada ThistleCanada thistle (Cirsium arvense) is a non-native perennial forb (wild flow-

er) that arrived in North America from Europe as early as the 1600’s, as a contaminant in grain seed, hay and ballast for ships. The weed is probably native to southeastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean region, but is now found across Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Japan, Southern Asia, Australia, and South America. Canada thistle was considered noxious in Vermont in the late 1700’s and resulted in noxious weed legislation in 1795. Noxious weeds obvi-ously are not a recent phenomenon, and Canada thistle has spread throughout the United States north of 35th parallel.

In the western states, the USDA Plants Database indicates that Canada thistle has been found in every county of the following states: Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and North and South Dakota. In Nevada, the USDA database indicates Canada thistle occurs in every county but Clark, while the Nevada Department of Agriculture website states the weed occurs in every county but Esmeralda. This discrepancy is trivial: the weed is widespread across Nevada, and if it does not currently occur in your county or valley it probably will be in the near future, especially if there is insufficient containment and control efforts.

Canada thistle is adapted to many habitat types. The weed generally prefers damp, but not persistently saturated sites, and appears to favor clay soils. On occa-sion, however, it establishes on sand dunes or open sandy areas. Regardless of the soil type, Canada thistle plants grow best in well aerated soil that receives 16 to 30 inches of annual moisture (precipitation and or irrigation). Habitat types and land features commonly occupied include roadsides and railways, all types of cropland, irrigation ditches, native grass hay meadows, degraded pastures, abandoned fields, rangeland, stream banks, and ponds and lakeshores.

Just over 31 percent of the public land managers in Nevada rated Canada thistle as a problematic weed on public lands. Over 21 percent of agricultural producers rated it a serious problem. Geographically, Canada thistle causes more concern in the western and northeastern portions of the state, although high levels of concern also occur in Humboldt and Pershing counties. Canada thistle, like all perennial capable of produc-ing new plants from buds on the roots, becomes problematic when the first few pioneer-ing plants have a rapid increase in their population through vegetative reproduction. Left untreated, a few plants can quickly establish a nearly complete monoculture of Canada thistle. Dense stands can persist for many decades, perhaps indefinitely. The typical outcome is less crop and livestock production on the affected property. Desired plant species are excluded because mature Canada thistle plants are excellent competi-tors for soil moisture and nutrients.

Plant BiologyCanada thistle is a long-lived plant that

typically reaches a height of 3 to 5 feet, and can produce1,000 to 5,000 seeds per stem. Wide-spread reproduction from seed can occur, but is less common than vegetative reproduction from the abundant buds located on all of the roots. A 4 to 5 week old Canada thistle plant (2 true leaf growth stage) often has a six inch deep root that has started to develop horizontal roots. The horizontal roots and develop new shoots when seedlings are as young as 6 weeks old. After 18 weeks of growth, a single plant may produce up to 360 feet of total roots, over 25 additional stems, and possess well over 150 buds on its root system. Individual lateral roots can grow as much as 19 feet per year. Most of the roots occur in the upper two feet of the soil but some may reach a depth of 22 feet. Root fragments as short as one-half inch can produce new plants.

Canadian thistle roots store a large amount of soluble carbohydrates as energy reserves. Energy reserves are used by the plant to keep the roots and buds alive dur-ing winter dormancy, and to initiate new growth the following spring. Stored energy reserves typically decline from the initiation of spring growth through mid to late June. Few, if any, of the carbohydrates produced during the spring are moved to the root system. Most are reinvested in stems and leaves. Carbohydrate reserves slowly increase from late June (roughly when flowering starts) until September when they reach their peak.

Seed from Canada thistle may remain viable for up to 22 years, but seed survival depends greatly upon the depth of burial. Seed buried greater than 8 inches deep can survive for long periods, while seed buried less than 3 inches deep has high mortality. At this depth, less than 1 percent survives 2.5 to 5 years. Seed germination, and seed-ling emergence and survival are highest when seed is buried from about one-quarter one-half inch deep. In this depth range, up to 12 percent of the seed will produce an emerged seedling, and 78 percent or more of the emerged seedlings typically survive. Seed located on the soil surface can germinate, but survival is usually limited to those soils whose surface remains moist. This condition is more likely in riparian areas, along irrigation ditches, in seasonally flooded hay meadows, and irrigated crop sites, particularly beneath pivot systems with short rotation intervals.

The flowers and seed of Canadian thistle lack adaptations for long distance dis-persal. Flooding, however, can transport both seed and dislodged root segments long distances. Mud that contains viable seed can become attached to animals, vehicles and farm equipment, or your boots and be moved long distances. Construction activities that transport fill-dirt to new locations can move large numbers of small segments and facilitate establishment long distances from the source of the material.

Control ApproachesNon-chemical

A single tillage treatment that cuts the long lateral roots on mature Canada thistle plants into small segments usually increases the number of new plants. Usually each root segment will have one or more buds than can develop into new shoots. Repeated tillage every 21 days for the entire growing season, however, eradicated a “mild” infes-tation in Idaho. Tillage must be repeated as soon as new shoots emerge to prevent the new root system from storing any carbohydrates that can facilitate regrowth following removal of the leaves or damage to the root system. Newly established seedlings are very susceptible to tillage and can be easily controlled with this tool.

Repeated mowing treatments every 3 to 4 weeks throughout the growing season can reduce carbohydrate storage in the root systems. After each mowing event, the

regrowth of new vegetative stems uses stored energy, which decreases energy reserves. Re-peated mowing when regrowth is just sufficient for the plant to begin increasing its energy re-serves would result in their continual depletion, and eventual starvation of the plant.

Livestock grazing is not considered a vi-able control option. Canada thistle leaves have spines at each tip of the deeply serrated leaves, which dramatically reduces palatability. There is some anecdotal evidence that goats and per-haps sheep can provide some control, but defini-tive research is lacking.

Fire is not a recommended as a direct con-trol method. Dense stands of rapidly growing Canada thistle usually are too green to carry a fire. Stands become dry and flammable dur-ing the dormant season but fire will not kill the buds on either the root crown or the deeper roots; thus, the plants regrow rapidly the next

Brad Schultz, Extension Educator, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, Winnemucca, Nevada

Figure 1. Two years of underground growth of Canada thistle from original one foot of root. From: http://www.btny.purdue.edu/pubs/ws/canadathistle/CanadaThistle.html. Photo credit to M.A. Ross


growing season. Fire, however, can remove the previous year’s dead material which prevents it from intercepting an herbicide during its application. Removing standing dead material should permit more chemical to be placed on the leaves of Canadian thistle, potentially increasing treatment effectiveness. Targeted flaming can success-fully control newly emerged seedlings that have not become perennial. Burning also can +be a valuable seedbed preparation treatment when it removes plant litter that could adversely affect the seeding of desired species.

Biological control of Canadian thistle has not been very successful. A stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus litura), bud weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus), and stem gall fly (Urophora cardui) have been found to have fair control at best.

To achieve a permanent decline in Canadian thistle, treated sites must be reoccu-pied by a dense and vigorous stand of desired vegetation. For most pasture and range-land settings this means a dense stand of tall and robust perennial grasses. Annual or perennial crops also should be managed to maintain a high density and/or cover of the crop. Fields in which annual crops that are harvested in the early summer, and which have sufficient soil moisture for continued growth of Canadian thistle, often need a post-harvest treatment (herbicide or other tool) to reduce the Canadian thistle. For many range and pasture systems, the rapid expansion of Canadian thistle populations

often coincides with one or more management actions that either thinned the perennial grasses or maintained previously thinned stands in a degraded state (regardless of the initial cause of the degradation). On these sites, vegetation management (e.g., grazing management, harvest management, fertilization, etc.) should change so that the peren-nial grasses have an opportunity increase and eventually out-compete the Canadian thistle. Without a change in management, Canadian thistle will probably return and expand toward and possibly exceed its previous level.

Chemical ControlOver 30 active ingredients are labeled for application to Canada thistle (Table

1), with many more potential products. Some of these provide outright control and oth-ers only suppression. Many, but not all of the active ingredients are selective herbicides, and across all of the potential chemicals there are varying levels of residual activity. Several or more products are available for most of Nevada’s major crops, wildland set-tings, and non-crop environments.

Soil active herbicides with a long period of soil residual activity are important for the control and management of Canada thistle in rangeland, pasture and non-crop set-tings. Many of these herbicides maintain soil activity the spring after their application

Table 1. The list below and on the next page identifies the active ingredients and many of representative products known to control Canada thistle in the landscape settings and crops for which the active ingredient is labeled. Use the information in this table to determine the potential active ingredients for your specific needs. Product selection should occur only after the applicator has read all current product labels and identified the appropriate products for their specific situation. Many of the active ingredients listed in this table are available in pre-mixed formulations with other active ingredients. Those pre-mixed packages (products) are not listed in this table. A complete list of all active ingredients and products labeled to control Canada thistle can be searched for at the CDMS (http://www.cdms.net/LabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspx?pd=7607&t=) and Greenbook (http://www.greenbook.net/) websites. The order of chemicals below does not reflect any preference or efficacy. Across the spectrum of available products, some may only suppress Canada thistle (generally means no seed production). Herbicides used for suppression are marked with an *.

Active IngredientRepresentative

Products Ran

ge &

Pa

stur

e

Non

-C

rop

Fallo

w

Bar

e-gr

ound

Smll

Gra

ins

Cor

n

Alfa

lfa

Min

t

Pota

toes

Selective Soil Residual Growth Stage

2,4-D Many x x x x x x x x Yes No Post-emergence from pre-bud to early bud. Repeated treatments needed

Aminocyclopyrachlor

Method 50 SG and pre-mixed

formulations with other products

x x Yes Yes Post-emergence during rapid growth before seed production

Aminopyralid Milestone x x Yes YesPost-emergence in spring after fully emerged and until oldest plants in full flower

Bentazon Basagram x x Yes Little to None Plants 8 inches tall to bud stageBromoxynil, Octanoic acid ester Broclean, Buctril x x x x x Yes No Suppression only: burn down of top

growth when applied at 8 inch to bud stage

Carfentrazone-ethyl Aim EW x x x Yes No Actively growing plants less than 4 inches tall

Chlorsulfuron Telar XP x x Yes Moderate to long Post-emergence from bolting to bloom stage and fall regrowth

Clopyralid Clean Slate, Stinger, Transline x x Yes Moderate Post-emergence after basal leaves emerge

but before bud stage, and to fall regrowth

Dicamba Banvel, Sterling Blue Herbicide x x x x x Yes Yes Post-emergence to basal

rosettes and fall regrowth

Dichlobenil Barrier Casoron x Yes Yes Pre-emergence with incorporation into the soil after application

Flumioxazin Lockdown, Payload x x x Yes Short Pre-emergence, preferably to clean soil surfaces

Glufosinate-ammoniumFinale, Ingnite 280

SL, Reckon 280 SL, Rely 280

x x No None to very shortPost-emergence to actively growing plants. Repeat treatments may be necessary

Glyphosate Accord, Roundup and many others x x x x x x x x No No Post-emergence to rapidly growing plants

after most have passed the bud stage

Halosulfuron-methyl Herbivore x x Yes Short to moderate Post-emergence to actively growing weeds at early stages of development

Hexazinone Velpar Velossa x x x Yes Yes Most effective on seedlings with pre or early post-emergence

Imazamox Raptor x Yes Yes Post-emergence to actively growing weeds less than 3 inches tall

Imazapyr Arsenal, Habitat, Polaris x x x No Yes Post-emergence to actively growing weeds


Listing a commercial herbicide does not imply an endorsement by the authors, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension or its personnel. Product names were used only for ease of reading, not endorsement. Herbicides should be selected for use based upon the active ingredient and the specific bio-environmental situation to which it will be applied. Product labels change often; therefore, applicators should always consult the current label prior to applying any herbicide.

Active IngredientRepresentative

Products Ran

ge &

Pa

stur

e

Non

-C

rop

Fallo

w

Bar

e-gr

ound

Smll

Gra

ins

Cor

n

Alfa

lfa

Min

t

Pota

toes

Selective Soil Residual Growth Stage

MCPA Dimethylamine salt or 2-ethylhexyl ester

MCPA Rhomene MCPA Shredder

MCPAx x x x x Yes Up to 6 months

in dry soils

Post-emergence early bud to full bloom or fall regrowth. Repeated treatments often necessary

MCPB, sodium salt Thistrol x Yes Short Post-emergence to actively growing weeds 4 inches tall to the bud stage

Mesotrione* Callisto Tenacity x Yes Short Post-emergence when weeds are less than 5 inches tall

Metsulfuron- methyl* Ally, Escort, Patriot x x x YesModerate, but long in soils with high pH

Post-emergence in spring when at rosette to early bolting stage (elongating stems less than 6 inches tall)

Nicosulfuron* Accent x Yes Moderate Post-emergence to weeds less than 4 inches tall or wide

Picloram Tordon 22K x x x Yes YesPost-emergence after development of most basal leaves but before bud stage, or to fall regrowth

Primisulfuron-methyl* Beacon Herbicide x Ye Yes Post-emergence to actively growing weeds up to 9 inches tall

Prosulfuron* Peak x Yes Yes Post-emergence to actively growing weeds 1-6 inches tall

Pyraflufen ethyl* Edict 2SC, Vida, ET Herbicide x x x x x x Yes No

Post-emergence to weeds less than 4 inches tall or rosettes up to 3 inches in diameter

Quinclorac* Paramount x x x Yes Yes Post-emergence to actively growing weeds at the rosette stage

Rimsulfuron Matrix, Pruvin, Solida, Resolve x x x Yes No Post-emergence to small

actively growing plants

Saflufenacil* Sharpen Treevix x x x x Yes At higher rates Controls seedlings up to 6 inches diameter or height. Suppression of mature plants

Sulfometuron methyl Oust XP Spyder x Mixed YesPre-emergence or early post-emergence when weed is actively germinating or growing

Topramezone* Armezon Impact x Yes Yes Post-emergence to weeds less than 4-6 (higher rates) inches tall

Triasulfuron* Amber x x x Yes Yes Post-emergence to actively growing weeds less than 6 inches tall/wide

Tribenuron methyl Express Nuance x x x Yes ShortPost-emergence in spring when weeds are 4-8 inches tall, with 2-6 inches of new growth

Triclopyr Element, Garlon, Trycera x x Yes Yes Post-emergence to actively growing

weeds into the bud stage

and continue to kill viable buds and roots, as well as germinating seed.The movement of a foliar applied herbicide to and through the large root system

largely follows the movement of carbohydrates from the leaves to the rest of the plant. For Canada thistle, the plant typically begins to translocate carbohydrates to the root crown and roots in late spring to early summer, and continues to build energy reserves in the root system into September. For a foliar herbicide treatment to be effective, however, the leaves must be actively photosynthesizing, and photosynthesis requires adequate soil moisture and warm temperatures. The mere presence of green leaves in late summer or early fall does not guarantee the plant is photosynthesizing and mov-ing carbohydrates to the roots. Herbicide applications to green plants under dry soil conditions typically are much less successful than when the soil is moist. Soil moisture should remain adequate for several weeks after herbicide application to facilitate her-bicide movement far into the lengthy root system.

No single active ingredient listed in Table 1 is the best herbicide for all Canadian thistle infestations. Every situation is unique and herbicide selection should be based on site-specific conditions. Some factors to consider are: 1) do you need an herbicide that is selective and not going to adversely affect the residual desired species that oc-cupy the site; 2) are your short- and mid-term management objectives compatible with a chemical that leaves a residual amount of the active ingredient in the soil; 3) what will Canada thistles’ growth stage(s) be when you have the time to fit an herbicide treatment into your overall farming or ranching operation; and 4) can you make the

commitment to any follow-up treatment that is needed. Some chemicals (e.g., 2,4-D and glyphosate) typically result in less long-term control than the other active ingre-dients, and will require more extensive follow-up treatments. Any weed control and management program for Canada thistle should use an integrated approach that ap-plies two or more methods of weed control. Very seldom does a single approach work long-term. Furthermore, all approaches, except for the purposeful management of an area for bare-ground, must consider how to establish and/or increase the desired spe-cies on an infested site. A dense, vigorous stand of desired perennial grasses (or crop species) provides the best opportunity to prevent the rapid large scale establishment of Canadian thistle, particularly when combined with periodic scouting to find the initial colonizers and eliminate them before they develop large root systems. Early detection of Canadian thistle and a rapid response to the first few plants that appear provides the best opportunity to prevent large scale establishment and costly, multi-year treatments.

An important question of any herbicide treatment is, was I successful? Your level of success cannot be determined until at least the middle of the first growing season after your treatment is applied. The effectiveness of an herbicide treatment on any weed that has a deep root system with buds that can grow into new plants should not be judged too soon after treatment. The full effect of an herbicide treatment may take a year or more to appear. If buds on the deepest roots survive and have access to adequate amounts of stored energy, new shoots may not appear until July or August (and perhaps later) of the growing season after the treatment was applied.


The HWCWMA was developed to address the invasive weed problem and subsequent de-

cline in water quality within the entire 16,843 square mile watershed, which covers most of Northern Ne-

vada. The primary function of HWCWMA has been to provide land manag-

ers, owners and weed control groups assistance in the

areas of funding, agen-cy and weed group

coordination and cooperation.

This month we would like to introduce you to a plant that is not currently listed as

one of Nevada’s state listed noxious

weeds, but has shown itself to be highly invasive

and is a State listed noxious weed in Arizona, Colorado, Cali-

fornia, New Mexico and Oregon. Halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus) was introduced into

North America as late as 1930 and has since spread widely in the northwestern United

States, including Nevada. It is confined to semi-desert, salty lands, primarily in disturbed areas such as abandoned fields, abused ranges, and roadsides.

Halogeton, a fast-growing annual plant that frequently causes poisoning in sheep. Cattle may be also be poisoned. Livestock readily graze mature, dried halogeton and most losses occur when

hungry animals are allowed to graze in heavy stands of this highly invasive plant. The toxic substance in halogeton is so-

dium oxalate, which is contained in leaves and other above-ground parts. Halogeton

is dangerous at all times. It becomes more toxic as the growing season advances, reaching

a peak of toxicity at maturity. Losses occur from dried plant consumed during the fall, winter, and early spring.

Halogeton, with reddish stems during drought, varies from a few inches to 2 feet (about 60 cm) tall. The bluish-green leaves, sausage-shaped and bearing a hairlike spine at the tip, are very high in water content. The true flowers are inconspicuous, but the very abun-

dant seeds bear five winglike, whitish bracts; after midsummer the plant is a mass of these showy, flowerlike seeds.

Management favoring / discouraging sur vival: Halogeton competes poorly with established perennial vegetation. Overgraz-ing, human disturbance, and fire typically

reduce desirable vegetation and increase open sites with bare soil, encourag-ing invasion and estab-lishment of halogeton. Fire disturbance often enhances seed germination and favors the growth of dense stands. Prevention on grazing lands is best accomplished by maintaining good perennial grass and shrub cover and reducing or eliminating grazing and disturbance during the spring growing season. Halogeton is well adapted to edaphically severe sites such as mine spoils. Since many heavily disturbed desert sites are very difficult to re-vegetate, prevention around these areas must include early detection and rapid response to initial halogeton invaders.

Mechanical Control: Tillage will effectively control halo-geton. However, it is best to avoid increasing disturbance unless successful restoration of perennials is highly probable.

Chemical: Apply metsulfuron at 0.45 oz active ingredient (ai)/acre (0.75 oz product/ac) to actively growing plants with a surfactant. 2,4-D LV ester at 1 to 2 lb. acid equivalent (ae)/acre is also effective when plants are actively growing before bloom stage in mid-summer. Chemical application may damage native and desired plants. Chemical control must be followed by ac-tively altering the plant community with desirable plants to have a lasting effect.

Plant Competition: Nonnative forage species including Kochia prostrata, Agropyron desertorum and A. cristatum have been successfully used to re-seed infested areas. Crested wheat-grass is very competitive and may strongly suppress or eliminate halogeton. Saline adapted hybrids are most effective due to the sensitivity of crested wheatgrass to highly saline conditions.

As always, please notify the HWCWMA if you see haloge-ton growing within the Humboldt River Watershed. We have an opportunity to stop potentially invasive species from spreading if we act quickly and our staff can provide the property owner or appropriate public agency with site-specific treatment options for these plants. The HWCWMA also maps and monitors heav-ily infested sites in the watershed which allows the HWCWMA the ability to provide educational and financial assistance to land owners and groups in their management efforts, ultimately im-proving all of the qualities of the land and water in our watershed.

The HWCWMA has also developed a website to serve as a clearinghouse for information on invasive weeds in the Hum-boldt Watershed. Our website (http://www.humboldtweedfree.org) contains fact sheets for state listed noxious weeds in Nevada, Board of Director’s information, funding partner’s links, and many more features including a detailed project proposal packet that you can print, fill out and mail back to us at your conve-nience. We are looking to expand our project area outside of the Humboldt River and always welcome new funding opportunities.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Andi Porreca, HWCWMA Coordinator at (775) 762-2636 or email her at [email protected]. You may also speak with Rhonda Heguy, HWCWMA Administrator at (775) 738-3085, email: [email protected].

Halogeton

PHOTOS: Clinton Shock, Oregon State University, Bugwood.org


RusH skeletonweed

Hello from the Humboldt Watershed CWMA! The HWCWMA was developed to address the invasive weed problem and subsequent de-

cline in water quality within the entire 16,843 square mile watershed, which covers most of Northern Nevada. The primary function of HWCWMA has been to provide land managers, owners and weed control groups assistance in the areas of funding, agency and weed group coordination and cooperation.

This month we would like to introduce you to one of Nevada’s state listed noxious weeds, rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea). A native to Eurasia, rush skeletonweed currently infests several millions of acres of rangeland, cropland, rights of way and waste areas across most of the western United States. Competing for water and nitrogen, it can severely reduce crop yield and forage for livestock and wildlife, and its wiry branches interfere with harvest.

Rush skeletonweed is a perennial with many branched, wiry stems that range from 1 to 4 feet tall. The rosette leaves resemble common dandelion and are hair-less with deep, irregular teeth that point back toward the leaf base; they wither by flowering time. The flowers are bright yellow and strap-shaped in the axils or at the ends of branches. The flowers are often found in groups of 2 to 5 flowerheads, each with 9 to 12 flowers. Mature, healthy plants can produce 1,500 flower heads, and up to 20,000 seeds. The plant has milky juice; coarse, reddish downward-pointing hairs at the base of the single flowering stem; and small yellow flowers and plumed seeds that ride the wind. It thrives in well-drained sandy or gravelly soils and has invaded extensive areas of shallow silt loam soils in other areas as well. In addition to deep (8+ feet) taproots, it has lateral roots that produce daughter rosettes. Plants also grow from buds on root fragments cut by cultivation or other equipment.Chemical Control:

There are several effective herbicides including Tordon, Transline, Milestone and Escort for rush skeletonweed control. Timing of application should be in the summer before flowering to prevent seed production. Follow-up will be required later in the fall and the following year to retreat plants from surviving rootstocks. If infestations are detected after seed production, fall herbicide treatments to newly emerged rosettes are also effective. Persistence will be required for several years given the persistence of rush skeletonweed roots in the soil.Mechanical Control:

Hand-pulling can work for small infestations. Areas must be controlled 2 to 3 times per year for 6 to 10 years to remove seedlings and re-sprouting roots. Re-

moval of deep tap roots is easiest when soils are damp. Mowing plants repeatedly may reduce plants’ biomass and seed production but may not provide eradication.Cultural Control:

Using beneficial forage species for competition will not suppress the dominance of rush skeletonweed. Continual grazing decreases populations while rotated graz-ing increases populations.Biological Control:

The gall midge (Cystiphora schmidti) was introduced to California in 1975 and is established throughout the Pacific Northwest. The gall midge im-pacts the rosette and flowering stems of all biotypes in this region. Affected stands are often a noticeable purple to reddish color.

As always, please notify the HWCWMA if you see rush skeletonweed growing within the Humboldt River Watershed - it is not currently established in this region and we may have an opportunity to stop this highly invasive species from spreading if we act quickly. Our staff can provide the property owner or appropriate public agency with site-specific treatment options for these plants. The HWCWMA also maps and monitors heavily infested sites in the watershed which allows the HW-CWMA the ability to provide educational and financial assistance to land owners and groups in their management efforts, ultimately improving all of the qualities of the land and water in our watershed.

The HWCWMA has also developed a website to serve as a clearinghouse for information on invasive weeds in the Humboldt Watershed. Our website (http://www.humboldtweedfree.org) contains fact sheets for state listed noxious weeds in Nevada, Board of Director’s information, funding partner’s links, and many more features including a detailed project proposal packet that you can print, fill out and mail back to us at your convenience. We are looking to expand our project area outside of the Humboldt River and always welcome new funding opportunities.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Andi Porreca, HWC-WMA Coordinator at (775) 762-2636 or email her at [email protected]. You may also speak with Rhonda Heguy, HWCWMA Administrator at (775) 738-3085, email: [email protected].

SUBMITTED PHOTOS


The Day the Leppy Went to School

We have a Charolais leppy bull calf, and he is kind of a big deal. His uncle was the Grand Champion Charolais Bull at the American

Royal this past November. “Taylor” as the boys call him has some pretty big shoes to fill. He comes from Small Charolais of Mountain City, where he would still be if he wasn’t an orphan. His mom died shortly after he was born, and where my sister commutes from Boise on the weekends, we inherited him to feed for the time being. Apparently home owners associations around Boise frown on cattle in your yard, no matter how big your yard is!

Truth be told, we are suckers for strays and leppies. Taylor the Charolais has taken some getting used to. The horses and dogs just don’t know what to think of him, he’s the wrong color. I hate to admit it, but he has kind of grown on me. While

his white hair will never compare to the eye appeal of a Black Angus, he definitely has personality. I know we aren’t supposed to make him too gen-tle, but it is pretty hard not to when you are hand feeding him a couple of times a day. From playing with the boys to putting his nose low enough for the puppy to lick the crumbs off his face, he has character.

Now that the boys are in school, I do a little cowboy/ranch-

ing presentation for 3rd graders during the National Cow-

boy Poetry Gathering every January. The schools go all out during the week. From guest speakers to roping lessons to dress up days, students are encouraged to wear bandanas, jeans, western shirts, and cowboy hats, or what we like to call “our ordinary, everyday clothes.” They do a really good job with it, and I am happy to report that their students have a pretty good grasp of agriculture and where their food comes from. This year I took Taylor and made arrangements with TR’s teacher for him to bring his class out to meet his leppy.

My neighbor Rachel helped me. She borrowed the Beef Byproducts presenta-tion from the Elko County Cattlewomen so we could show students where beef comes from and how the whole cow is used. I started out showing students Taylor, and explaining what a leppy is, what breed he is, and what he is used for. Rachel finished up by explaining how when we slaughter a beef animal we use nearly the entire animal, and how each part of a cow is utilized. It was a really good presenta-tion, we spoke to nearly 125 eight year olds and answered a lot of questions.

After the last group of 3rd graders, it was time for TR and his class. I had tried to prep him ahead of time so he (and I!) knew what he would tell his class about Taylor. Granted he is only 7 years old, I thought he was well prepared and I wouldn’t have to say too much, or do too much damage control.

I wish we would have filmed him. TR marched his class to the horse trailer like a little drill sergeant and lined them up around the door so they could all see the calf. He hopped up in the trailer, leaned against the wall, cocked a hind leg, and put his thumbs in his belt loops. Then he watched his classmates. Finally after a couple of minutes he said “I’m not going to tell you guys anything until you get quiet and listen to ME!” You could have heard a pin drop. He had everyone’s attention and then he started his talk.

TR was in his element. While we need to work a little on his delivery and PR skills, he did pretty well. Mom had to prompt him a few times, and cringed when he was a little too enthusiastic in explaining Taylor’s “mother was DEAD!” and that we would be eating him someday. He spoke loudly, and clearly, and willingly answered 3 questions, additional questions were answered under duress. All in all it was a good afternoon, the afternoon Taylor went to school.

OF A RANCH WIFE

J. B. Wh i t e l e y


If the Federal Reserve (Fed) raises short-term interest rates this year, as many financial professionals predict, what will it mean to you? As

a consumer, you might experience the “ripple” effects if long-term interest rates eventually follow suit, affecting mortgages and other loans. But as an investor, you might quickly feel the impact of a move by the Fed — especially if you own bonds.

In fact, the value of your existing bonds might drop noticeably if interest rates were to rise. That’s because no one will give you full price for your lower-paying bonds when new bonds are being issued at a higher interest rate. So if you want to sell your bonds, you might have to take a loss on them.

Of course, if you were always planning to hold your bonds until maturity, you might not be overly concerned with falling prices. Assuming your bond issuers don’t default—and defaults are rare among “investment grade” bonds — you will continue collecting regular interest payments until your bonds mature, at which point they will be redeemed at full face value. Furthermore, just owning bonds can help you diversify your portfolio, which might otherwise be dominated by stocks and therefore be susceptible to big swings in value. (While diversification can help reduce the effects of volatility, it can’t guarantee a profit or protect against loss.)

However, it’s still useful to be aware of the effects of rising interest rates on bonds of different maturities. Typically, when rates rise, long-term bonds will fall in value more than short-term bonds. So if you only owned long-term bonds, your portfolio could take a bigger hit than if you owned both short and long-term bonds. Again, this might not be a big issue if you intend to hold bonds until they mature — but if your plans change, a drop in value in your bond holdings could be cause for concern. Furthermore, if you just owned long-term bonds, your money would be tied up, thereby not allowing you to take advantage of newly issued, higher-paying bonds.

You can help protect yourself against the potential negative effects of rising interest rates by incorporating a “fixed-income ladder” in your portfolio. You can build this ladder by purchasing fixed income securities — such as corporate or municipal bonds — in various maturities. With your ladder in place, a portion of

your portfolio matures at regular intervals. Consequently, you can benefit from any increase in interest rates by reinvesting your maturing bonds at the higher rate. And if interest rates should fall, you still have your longer-term bonds working for you. (Generally, longer-term vehicles pay higher rates than shorter-term ones.)

Even if the Fed does raise short-term rates in 2015, it doesn’t necessarily signal the start of a trend. Interest rate movements are notoriously hard to predict — and you probably won’t help yourself by trying to “time” your investment decisions based on where rates may be heading.

But techniques such as a fixed-ladder can work for you in all interest rate en-vironments. So as you think about how you’ll invest in bonds in the years ahead, keep this type of “all-weather” strategy in mind. It may be able to help you keep the “guesswork” to a minimum

This article was written by Edward Jones for use by your local Edward Jones Financial Advisor.

1222 6th St., P.O. Box 368 Wells, NV 89835 • www.bottarirealty.com

Heard Ranch/Farm: Diamond Valley 173 acres with Irrigation well only $195,000.

Elko Co. 10,706 deeded with BLM Sheep permit: These private sections are in the checkerboard area and are intermingled with public lands. The ranch has historically been a Spring Sheep range. The BLM permit is only 29% public lands. Price includes 50% of the mineral rights on all but 320 acres. Oil & Gas Lease might pay a big portion of the purchase! Price$1,500,000. Considering adding the property below to it to make a year around unit.

Elko Co. Humboldt River Property: 650 acres located between the Ryndon and Osino Exits on I-80. This property has over 300 acres of surface water rights out of the Humboldt River. The BLM permit for the 10,706 acres above is a short distance from this property with a stock driveway on this property. Price:$1.2 million.

North Butte Valley Ranch: 550 deeded acres with Spring fed meadow and hay ground and approx. BLM aum’s for 150+ head for 4/15 to 12/22 in private allotment. Six pastures in BLM allotment. Home is off the grid with power from Solar panels and back-up generator. Located on County road approx. 50 miles South of Wells, Nevada. Price: $950,000

Morrison Ranch-Eureka County: 160 acres with well in Antelope Valley. $280,000.

Ruby Valley: 1136 deeded acres of which ap-prox. 129 acres have water rights. On paved State Rt.229. Only 45 minutes from Elko. Good summer range. Would make a great place to live! Price: $700,000

Current Mountain Ranch: Wanting to own a self sustaining property where you grow all you need? check this one out. Lots of fruit trees including; Pear, apricot, cherry, nectarine, apple, grapes, blackberry, and more including Almond’s. One center pivot with Alfalfa plus other meadow pastures. Ponds with Trout, bass and bluegills. Lots of Deer and wild tur-keys. A meat house with cooler and cutting room. 3 homes. Price. $1,900,000.

Clover Valley Ranch: 2,489 Deeded Acres with over 500 acres water righted and irrigated with a gravity fl ow system from Stream fl ow and from several underground irrigation wells one of which recently redrilled. Access on paved road and just 7 miles South of Wells, Nevada. One 3 bedroom 2 bath home. Full line of equipment included. Price: $1,900,000

PENDING SOLD

Work: 775-752-3040Home: 775-752-3809 • Fax: 775-752-3021

Paul D. Bottari, [email protected]

Ranch Properties now available

For additional information on these properties go to: BOTTARIREALTY.COM

Presented by Jason Land, Financial Advisor, Edward Jones in Elko, Nevada2213 North 5th Street, Sui te A | 775-738-8811

Financial Focus

How Should You Respond To Higher Interest Rates?

Harmony Ranch Ministry3767 Keyes Way (775) 867-3100Fallon, NV 89406 [email protected] Cell (775) 426-1107

Tom J. Gonzalez | Diana J. Gonzalez, Pastor

You are invited to

COWBOY CHURCH!1st Saturday of every month

Standish, CA @ 6:00 p.m.

Hwy. 395 /A3 — Standish 4-H Hall

You are invited to

COWBOY CHURCH!3rd Saturday of every month

Lovelock, NV @ 7:00 p.m.

1035 Cornell Ave. — Old Variety Store

Are you having a Rodeo or Livestock event? GIVE US A CALL.We would love to come to your event or ranch and host Cowboy Church for you.


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TSpring Cove Ranch and

JBB/AL Herefords Annual Bull SaleMonday, March 9th, 2015 1:00 PM at Spring Cove Ranch in Bliss, Id.

For Catalogs Call: 208-352-4332 www.springcoveranch.comSpring Cove Ranch, Angus since 1919, 96 years, The Butler Family, Bliss, Idaho

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CW+31 MARB+.43 RE+.53 $W+71.84 $B+79.21

Selling sons of C GOHR 9158 About Time 1101 CED+0.5BW+2.3 WW+56 YW+84 M+28

Milk & Growth +56 SC+.8 RIB+.66 MARB+.05 CHB+$27

Selling sons & grandsons of CCA Emblazon 702CED+15 BEPD-1.3 WEPD+58 YEPD+98 MEPD+21 SC+.47

CW+36 MARB+.50 RE+.63 $W+56.82 $B+95.84

Selling sons of KM Broken Bow 002CED+12 BEPD-.8 WEPD+61 YEPD+104 MEPD+28

SC+1.23 CW+40 MARB+.66 RE+.69 $W+56.32 $B+122.67

Selling sons and grandsons of Varsity V WarriorCED+11 BEPD-.6 WEPD+56 YEPD+90 MEPD+29

CW+50 MARB+.1.30 RE+.65 $W+57.74 $B+134.36


the progressive rancher march 2015

Documents

progressive rancher

nv srm

edward jones financial

nv cattlewomen beef

nv priority weeds

complimentary financial

nevada cattlemens

nevada farm bureau