the ravan cubesat mission: on-orbit...
TRANSCRIPT
The RAVAN CubeSat mission: On-orbit results William H. Swartz,1 Steven R. Lorentz,2 Philip M. Huang,1 Donald E. Anderson1
Collaborators: Allan W. Smith,2 Yinan Yu,2 John Carvo,3 and Dong Wu4
1Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA2L-1 Standards and Technology, Manassas, VA USA3Blue Canyon Technologies, Boulder, CO USA4NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
Flashback: Savannah, November 2015
March 21, 2018RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 2
The RAVAN CubeSat Mission: Progress toward a new measurement of Earth outgoing radiation
William H. Swartz (JHU/Applied Physics Lab) Lars P. Dyrud,2 Steven R. Lorentz,3 Dong L. Wu,4 Warren J. Wiscombe,4 and Stergios J. Papadakis1 1JHU/Applied Physics Laboratory, 2OmniEarth, 3L-1 Standards and Technology, 4NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
also Philip M. Huang,1 Edward L. Reynolds,1 Allan Smith,4 and David M. Deglau1
Funding: NASA Earth Science Technology Office
RAVAN payload
Reminder: This is a CubeSat
March 21, 2018RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 3
JPSS (pre-launch configuration)
RAVAN
• Earth radiation budget is a hard problem (still is)- Solar irradiance “solved” (relatively speaking)- Earth outgoing radiation has not been measured from space with sufficient absolute accuracy
• We entered the fray with RAVAN- Primary goal: NASA ESTO technology demonstration- “Science” goal: Demonstrate ERB measurements for future constellation mission
• The good- Carbon nanotubes (“VACNTs”) work in space, specifically as radiometer absorbers- Gallium phase-change black bodies for calibration monitoring- Long-term stability with respect to solar irradiance and cavity technology- We open/close payload doors and precision-point at the Sun/Earth/space daily…on a 3U CubeSat- Lessons learned at multiple scales
• The “less good”- Short-term fluctuations problematic, most likely due to inadequate thermal knowledge and control
• Status: What are we doing with RAVAN currently?- Still flying, targeting CERES “coincidences”- Working with NASA LaRC to assess absolute accuracy vs. CERES
Context and some conclusions
March 21, 2018RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 4
RAVAN is an Earth energy budget constellation pathfinder• RAVAN: Radiometer Assessment using Vertically Aligned Nanotubes• CubeSat project funded through NASA ESTO’s InVEST program• Principally a technology demonstration• CubeSat = High-risk• Led by Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), Laurel,
Maryland• Partners:
- L-1 Standards and Technology (L-1): Steven Lorentz (also NISTAR)- Blue Canyon Technologies (BCT)
• Pathfinder for an Earth energy (radiation) budget constellation• Combines
- Vertically aligned carbon nanotube radiometer absorber and black body emitter (APL)- Gallium fixed-point black body calibration source (L-1)- Compact, low-cost radiometer payload (L-1/APL)- 3U CubeSat bus, I&T, operations (BCT)
March 21, 2018RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 5
Cavityradiometers
VACNTradiometers
Galliumsource
Galliumsource
Doors
VACNT absorber
Payload
RAVAN
Carbon nanotubes are at the heart of RAVAN
March 21, 2018RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 6
VACNT SEM image
RAVAN radiometerhead
Compact payload
RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 7
100
μm
Radiometer head assembly
Technology 1: Carbon nanotube radiometer absorber
Technology 2: Gallium phase-change black body cells
Tem
pera
ture
(a
rbitr
ary
units
)
Payload door assembly
Cavityradiometers
VACNTradiometers
Galliumsource
Galliumsource
Doors
March 21, 2018
Carbon nanotube “forest”
Ga solid–liquid phase transition
Launched Nov 2016, still flying
RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 8
Credit: United Launch Alliance, Lockheed Martin
RAVAN (~575 km)
130° FoV
Launch 11/11/16
RAVAN 3U CubeSatBlue Canyon Technologies bus
March 21, 2018
(dark space)
Instrument long-term stability, but short-term fluctuations
RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 9March 21, 2018
VACNT Total VACNT SW
VACNT Total VACNT SW
Dark offsets
Gains
~5 W/m2
Solar (eclipse) observations
RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 10
SunMoon
March 21, 2018
Solar observations
RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 11March 21, 2018
VACNT Total VACNT SW
Radiometer Earth (nadir) observations
RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 12March 21, 2018
Total
SW
Data downlink (volume) hampered by ground-level UHF interference.
VACNT/cavity relative stability (Earth-viewing)
RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 13March 21, 2018
ERBS Total
ERBS SW
[Wong et al., TGRS, in press, 2018]
Leveraging ERBE non-scanner to get to RAVAN’s “TOA” flux, and comparison with CERES
March 21, 2018RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 14
Fig. 3. ERBE nonscanner data processing system diagram.
From “On the Lessons Learned from the Operations of the ERBE Nonscanner Instrument in Space and the Production of the Nonscanner TOA Radiation Budget Dataset” [Wong et al., TGRS, in press, 2018]
RAVAN satellite-altitude flux, altitude/lat/lon/time
RAVAN time–space averaged TOA flux
RAVAN instantaneous TOA flux
Conclusions• RAVAN successfully operating on orbit, now >16 months• ESTO technologies demonstrated on-orbit
- Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes as radiometer absorbers- Gallium phase-change cells as calibration reference
• Long-term stability demonstrated- Stable solar measurements (<0.5% during mission)- Stable VACNT/cavity Earth measurement intercomparisons
§ Total: 0.01% /year trend§ SW: –4% /year trend
• Short-term fluctuations (thermal?) problematic and reminiscent of ERBE non-scanner
• Future for RAVAN project- Continued on-orbit operations- Intercomparison of Earth nadir data, with LaRC
• Funding: NASA Earth Science Technology Office
RAVAN CubeSat Mission • Sun–Climate Symposium • Lake Arrowhead, California • [email protected] 15
Cavityradiometers
VACNTradiometers
Galliumsource
Galliumsource
Doors
VACNT absorber
Payload
RAVAN
) ) ) )
March 21, 2018