THE REFORMATION CONTINUES

Chapter 17 Section 4

Key Terms Predestination Calvinism Theocracy Presbyterian Anabaptists

Catholic Reformation

Jesuits Council of Trent

Calvin Continues The Reformation

Luther stood against the Catholic Church

Opened the door to other religions

Lutheranism arose in Germany

Religious movements began in Switzerland. and Europe

Ulrich Zwingli 22 year old priest Established a church

in Switzerland based on theocracy

Theocracy-government in which church and state are joined

Martin Luther opposed this

John Calvin Next most

important Protestant reformer

1509 born in France Supported Luther’s

reforms Predestination-God

knows who will be saved even before they are born

John Calvin God guides their

lives Nothing they can

do good or bad to change that

Calvinism took root in Switzerland

Viewed people as sinful by nature

John Calvin Strict laws put in place

to regulate behavior Geneva- church

attendance was mandatory

Number and courses of meals

Color of clothing Feasting, dancing,

singing , wearing jewelry were forbidden

John Calvin Strictness- heart of

Calvinists appeal Sense of mission

and discipline Making world fit for

the elect Elect were the

chosen ones

Other Reformers John Knox-

spokesman for reformation in Scotland

Replaced the Roman Catholic Church

Presbyterian denomination

Reforming the Catholic Church

Protestants not the only ones dissatisfied

Catholics also upset

Catholic Reformation- series of reform in the Catholic Church

Jesuits Jesuits- society of

Jesus, religious order to reform the church

Ignatius of Loyola founded Jesuits in 1534 Nobleman, soldier While recovering

from an injury read books on saints

Became a soldier of God

Jesuits Father general- ran it

like a military institution Emphasized obedience

to the church Concentrated on

education to combat the Protestants

Established missions, school, and universities

Effective organization, gained ground on Protestants

Council of Trent Paul Pope III in 1545

called the council Need to redefine the

doctrines of the church

Examined criticisms by the Protestants and Catholics

Clarified Catholic teachings on certain points

Council of Trent Reforms addressed

the corruption of the clergy

Training of priests Financial abuses Indulgences were

abolished Rejected Protestant’s

emphasis on self-discipline and individual faith

Council of Trent Church could help

believers achieve salvation

Using mystery and magnificent ceremonies to inspire faith

Consistent with the belief of millions

Majority of Europeans remain Catholic

Council of Trent No compromise

between Catholics and Protestants

Bold action boost to Catholicism in Poland

Other parts of Europe return to the Church

Catholics felt renewed energy

Council of Trent By 1700 Jesuits

operated 699 colleges in Italy, Germany, and other places

Future leaders educated in Jesuit schools

Order had an influence over public affairs

Worked in India, China, and Japan

Reforming Catholics Charles Borromeo

Archbishop of Milan Decisive steps to

implement reform Build new schools to

educate priests Francis of Sales

Founded a religious order for women

Returned Calvinists to the church through missionary work

Women and the Church Women took on

more roles Before Renaissance

they lived in secluded convents

1543-Italian nun Angela Merici began Saint Ursula Company for teaching girls

Women and the Church Jane of Chantal

formed an order to teach girls to become teachers

Schools throughout Europe

Work denounced by anti-Jesuits and the church as dangerous

Reforming Popes Used it to convert

Jews, Muslims and later Protestants

Index of Forbidden Books- to stamp put rebellion People not to read

books on the list Lose their souls Torture and execution

damaged the Church’s image

Persecution and Hysteria Luther and Catholics

viewed Jews as heretics Spain forced

conversion or they had to leave

Jews resettled in eastern and southern Europe

Some areas they were forced to live in certain areas

Called a ghetto

Changes in Religion Renewed zeal spread

Catholic faith to other continents

North America- and elsewhere softened the harsh colonial rule

Protestants broke away from the Catholic church and formed many factions

Political Effects Rising sense of

nationalism Protestant Reformation

encouraged formation of independent states and nations

Rulers and merchants wanted less church involvement

Political power separated from churches

Italian Wars Italy bounced

between two powers Sack of Rome by

Spaniards and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1527

Italian wars ended in 1559

Expanded the Italian Renaissance

Italian Wars Artist from Italy fled

north bringing new techniques

Troops returned carrying new ideas