THE REGULATING SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY

Juan Francisco GarcíaBiology

10th Grade

THE NERVOUS SYSTEMNada hay en la mente que no haya estado antes en los sentidos. (Aristóteles)

NERVOUS SYSTEMGroup of organs and tissues that

receive, analize and send signals and orders to the rest of the body.

The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron.

It´s divided in 2 systems:Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

NERVOUS CELLSNEURONS: Star-shaped cells, with nucleous,

but no cell organelles.

PARTS:Cell bodyNucleousAxonAxial DendritesTerminal DendritesAxon EndingMyelin Sheath

NERVOUS CELLSSCHWANN CELLS: cover the axon and produce myelin.

MYELIN: substance with conductive properties that facilitate the transmision of the electrical nervous impulse from one side of the neuron to the other one.

NERVOUS CELLSGLIAL CELLS: non-neuronal cells that maintain

homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain, and for neurons in

other parts of the nervous system such as in the autonomic nervous.

To surround neurons and hold them in place.

To supply 

nutrients and oxygen to

neurons,

To insulate one neuron

from another,

To destroy 

pathogens and remove

dead neurons.

SYNAPSEIt is an specialized

intercellular union between neurons or between one neuron and a efector cell.

TYPES OF SYNAPSEELECTRICAL:

Depolarization

CHEMICAL

Neurotransmitters

SINAPSE PROCESS

Synaptic vesicle

Neurotransmitter

Re-uptake Pump

Voltage-gated Ca++

channel

Postsynapticdensity

Receptor

Axon terminal

Synaptic cleft

Dendrite

Name the colors of the following words. Do NOT read the words...rather, say the color of the words.

CENTRAL

NERVOUS

SYSTEM

BRAIN• FOREBRAIN

• MIDBRAIN• HINDBRAIN

SPINAL CORD

NEURONS

BRAINMajor portion of the

encephalon

Made of 2 substances: white and gray.

2 Hemispheres: Left and Right

4 Lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital.

It coordinates multiple voluntary and advance functions of the body.

LOBES

• Hearing • Near

Hippocampus, Smelling

• Sight

• Sensory Organs

• Kynesic Organs

• Judgement• Perception • Motor Zone

FRONTAL PARIETAL

TEMPORAL

OCCIPITAL

FOREBRAIN

• Receiving and processing sensory information.

• Thinking.• Perceiving, producing and

understanding language.• Controlling motor function. • The forebrain contains

structures such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. It also contains the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum.

MIDBRAIN

• The midbrain and the hindbrain together make up the brainstem.

• It connects the hindbrain and the forebrain.

• This region of the brain is involved in auditory and visual responses as well as motor function.

HINDBRAIN

• It extends from the spinal cord and contains structures such as the pons and cerebellum.

• These regions assist in maintaining balance and equilibrium, movement coordination, and the conduction of sensory information.

• The hindbrain also contains the medulla oblongata which is responsible for controlling such autonomic functions as breathing, heart rate, and digestion.

CEREBELLUMCoordinates de movements of the body.

Located in the occipital lobe in the brain.

Small size.

BRAIN STEMCoordinates involuntary functions.

Coughing

Breathing

Sneezing

THE CORTEXYour brain's wrinkled surface is a specialized

outer layer of the cerebrum called the cortex. Scientists have "mapped" the cortex by identifying areas strongly linked to certain functions.

Specific regions of the cortex:

Interpret sensations from your body, and sights, sounds and smells from the outside world.

Generate thoughts, solve problems and make plans.

Form and store memories.Control voluntary movement.

NEURON FORESTThe real work of your brain goes

on in individual cells. An adult brain contains about 100 billion nerve cells, or neurons, with branches that connect at more than 100 trillion points. Scientists call this dense, branching network a "neuron forest.“

Signals traveling through the neuron forest form the basis of memories, thoughts, and feelings.