the religious ceremonies and customs of the parsees

8/21/2019 The Religious Ceremonies and Customs of the Parsees

1/393

THE R ELIGIOUS CEREMONIES AND

CUSTOMS OF THE P ARSEES

B Y

JIVANJI J AMSHEDJI MODI,B.A., PH.D., C.I.E.,

FELLOW OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BOMBAY (1887), DIPL.LITTERIS ET ARTIBUS (SWEDEN, 1889), SHUMSULULMA

(INDIA, 189!), OFFICIER D"ACAD#MIE (FRANCE, 1898),

OFFICI#R DE L"INSTRUCTION PUBLI$UE (FRANCE, 19%&),CAMPBELL MEDALLIST, B. B. R. ASIATIC SOCIETY (1918).

&' E*+'.

19!7.JEHANGIR B. ARANI"S SONSBOO SELLERS - PUBLISHERS

BEHRANJI M ANSION/SIR PHEERO0SHAW MEHTA R OAD, FORT, BOMBAY .


2/393

E* 23 J+456 H. P*4+', &%11

4*.+:, 44+', MN

L23 +; C+':44

C**+:': ' P*+' D*

M+, J'? J@46?, S,

1819!!.

T6 =:+@+'4' >4.1. P44. &. 0++4*'4@. !. 0++4*'4 R*4 '

>@+'4. . I' R=:+'. . I' R=:+'. I. T*=.BL17%.M7 &%11

ISBN 1! 9781


3/393

TOTHE TRUSTEES PAST AND PRESENT

OFTHE FUNDS AND PROPERTIES OF THE

PARSEE PANCHYET

W6+@ ' *6+*3, A' 4 T+' +; G**


4/393


5/393

FOREWORD

D. M+"4 @+'*+', ; +'=3 ;+ @3 +' ==3 '*': ' *6 +:'=*+' 4 >+'44*'* 45==': +; *6 *>6'>= *@4. I 6 =4+'>+5+* M+"4 corrigenda, 5' >**+'4 6' I >+


6/393

ABBREVIATIONS

A. A4*, A4*'

B.B.R.A.S. B+@23 B'>6 +; *6 R+3= A4*> S+>*3

C;. confer

F. F'>6

G. G@'

G


7/393

Contents

FOREWORD................................................................................. ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................

PREFACE.....................................................................................

B3 *6 S@ A F +; *6 4>+' :, *6 A*46 A'...........................................................................189

(>) C+'4>*+' +; *6 S> F +; *6 T6 G T6 A*46 D:6...........................................................................19&

CHAPTER ^. (II) CONSECRATION OF THE TOWERS OF

iii


8/393

iv CONTENTS

SILENCE..................................................................................19!

CHAPTER Î. (III) CONSECRATION OF THE LT ORRELIGIOUS RE$UISITES......................................................&%1

PART V. THE LITURGICAL CEREMONIES...............................&%7

CHAPTER ÎI. THE INNER LITURGICAL CEREMONIES. (I)THE YASNA ITS LITURGICAL APPARATUS.......................&%7

I. THE PARAGNA.....................................................................&11

II. THE YASNA PROPER........................................................&!

CHAPTER ÎII. (II) THE VISPERAD CEREMONY..............&]%

CHAPTER ̂ IV. (III) THE VENDIDAD CEREMONY............&7CHAPTER ^V. (IV) T6 B? C@+'3...................................&77

CHAPTER ^VI. THE OUTER LITURGICAL SERVICES. (I)THE AFRINAGAN CEREMONY.............................................&9

CHAPTER ^VII. (II) THE FAROHSHI................................!19

CHAPTER ^VIII. (III) THE SAT_M......................................!!!

CHAPTER Î^. COMBINED GROUPS OF LITURGICALCEREMONIES.........................................................................!!]

1. HAMYASHT OR HOMSHT............................................!!]

&. THE GETIHAR`D............................................................!!7

!. SAROSH..............................................................................!!8

. 0INDARAWAN..................................................................!]

. THE NIRANGDIN...............................................................!7

]. THE GAHAMBAR CEREMONY.........................................!7

7. JASHAN...............................................................................!8. FRAWARDIGAN OR MUHTAD CEREMONIES.............!]!

I^. FIRESHTE aFARESTb.....................................................!7


9/393

PREFACE

T64 2++ 64 :+' ++@5'=+44* 5+442=4>5*+'/ +; *6 >@+'4 ' >5*+' +; *6 >@+'4 '>6, 6 +* M3 I '+* 44 ab' *6 @** +; *6 W==4 +; T4**+4 6+ >* >*' =:+@+'4 *+ 2 5;+@, ' 6' *6 4 *6 d*+'4 +; *6 >@+'4. I ' +; >4, ' 6>6 *6=' J


10/393

PREFACE

*6* *6 2++ == 2 +; 4+@


11/393

PREFACE vii

*@4. N+ +', ; *63 4+ > *+ *@4 ' +='*@4, 6' 4, *6* >44 +; *6* ' 655' ' ' @+'

*@4, , 4 *6* +; P=:*.

I' *6 *>4. I* 4@4 *6*, * *6 '+; *6 ''*6 >'*>3 +; *6 >@+'4, ' *6 4*' +; *6* +=* 4 4

23 5=*, 045@, *6 6:6 54* +; S'. B=44*>= >++@@'**+4, *6 +4 4+@ >+'*+44 2+


12/393

PREFACE

6*> ;+ 64 =2= *6+''+* 2 4* +; '3 ' +; +4 == *6 =:+@+'4 '>+''>*+' *6 *64 +; 54': 6* 4 :++ ' *6>2 *6@ 4 d *6 +:'.

S+@ +; *6 4*4 ** ' *6 +=


13/393

PREFACE ix

B+@23, ' 5*3. S+ I 6 * *+ ** *6@, 6 ' *6, ;+@ *6 5+'*

+; +; C5=64

I. T6 S+>+R=:+65* +' *6 5*+' +; *>=4 46 6 2' ** 6= '*+ *6 ;+=' (2) N ' M*2, 6>6 *6 *+ :4 +; I'**+' '*+54*6++.

IV. T6 C+'4>*+' C@+'4, 6>6 ** +; () *6>+'4>*+' +; F*@5=4, (2) +; *6 T+4 +; S='>, ' (>) +; A=*, + =:+)*6 S*65* **4 +; 4= >@+'4 6>6 :+@+'3.

I 2: *+ *6' R. H4*':4 ;+ *6 >+444 ' D=3 =;. (V+= ^I. 55.!]!7).7. I'**+' C@+'4 (V+=. ̂ I, 55. 8).8. C+'4>*+' C@+'4 (V+=. ̂ I, 55. 9]).9. T6 I'' L*= C@+'4. T6 Y4' (V+= ^I, 55. 99]1%).1%. T6 O


14/393

By the Same Author.

T6 R=:+64@ +; *6 0++4*' R=:+'.

T6 Nn?n* C@+'3 +; *6 P44.

T6 M: C@+'3 +; *6 P44.

M: C


15/393

B Y THE S AE A !THOR xi

L V4* " J


16/393


17/393

PART I. SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES ANDC!STOS.

CHAPTER I. Birth Ceremo&ie' a&( Cu'tom'.

T6 >@+'4 ' >2 4 ;=': 6553.& C6==44.1%

C6==44'44 4 4+@*6': = 5


18/393

+ SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES AND C!STOS

*6 >6='.1 A>>+': *+ *6 Shayest Na-Shayest , +' +; *6'*:4 +; 6': >6=' 4 *6* *6


19/393

BIRTH

2*4, *6*, 6' * 4 '+' *6* =3 +; *6;@=3 64 2>+@ 5:''*, ; @3 2 @'*' @+4* >;*+' ' *6 54'* >>4+' +; *6 >+@5=*+' +; *6 ;;*6' 4'*6 @+'*64 +; 5:''>3, =:6* =@5 +; >=; 2= +; *6 >+'*'4 +; *6 >6=' *+ 2 2+' 2': @=4, ; *6@=4 4*+': *6' *6 ;@=4 * *6 *@ +; >+'>5*+'.(B>+': *+ *6 A4*, ' *6 4** +; 5:''>3, +@' 4 *+

2 =++ ;* 3 >;+@@'>4 *6 *6 ;;*6 @+'*6. S6 4 *+24*' ;+@ >+@': '*+ >+'*>* *6 '3 + >+@5+4':@**, ' *6 *6': = +'"4 *++*65> 6>6 @3 >+'*':@4 +; +'"4 44. ab

The /i/th a&( the 'eve&th mo&th' o/ 0re,&a&-y1 o2'erve( a' (ay' o/re3oi-i&,.

D=2* ' '+' 4 Panch #+si2n,/ ..,*6 3 +; *6 ;;*6 @+'*6. S@==3, 3 4 +24 +' *6>+@5=*+' +; *6 4'*6 @+'*6, ' 4 '+' 4 A:6'. T6434 +24 4 +': +'=3 ' *6 >4 +;*6 ;4* 5:''>3. T63 +24 '+* ' >>+'> *6 '3

1 C65. 1% 1&11. S.B.E. V+=. V, 55. !1], !!.

& C65. 1]1. S.B.E. V+=. ^^IV, 5. &77.

! Vide @3 Anthro$oogica Pa$ers, P* II, 5. &%7. F+


20/393

4 SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES AND C!STOS

=:+*+' + *6 =:+@+'4 + *4. T65>*'>3 +; >6= 2': ?+3;4+'4, 6' *6 =3 6+ 4 enceinte 454'* *6 4=+*64 23 6 5'*4, =*4, ' ;'4' 45>==3 23 *6 ;@=3 +; 6 6>4+'4 @+ I'' ' *6 +:' ' 4:';>*+'*6' +:'==3 P4' + 0++4*'.

P5a-e o/ (e5ivery1 a&( it' tem0orary -o&'e-ratio&.

I' *6 >4 +; *6 ;4* =3, * :'==3 *4 5=> ' *6 6++. a*>.b18&9!&.)

& T6 ;+==+': 4*+3 >+''>*4 *6 >+>+'+@':+


21/393

BIRTH 6

' >@+'3 + *6 5=>. A* *@4, ' *6 B? 53 4 >*.I* 4@4 *6* +' +; *6 =+4* nasks (2++4), *6 6us$ara#, 6

45>= >65*4 +' *6 4* +; 5*6=, =@5 4 =:6* ' 5* 26= 2>+@4 45* ;+@ *6 @+*6 * 4'>443 *+ 2':=3 =>* ;+ *6+4 *6 34./& S+@ 5+5= 5 *6=@5 2+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 ;, *, ' +*6 ;4 +; *6+4 *6* : 2*6 *+ 4*==2+' >6=', *4 '?+' ' *6 Vendidad , *6* *63 @44 +; =3. N+34, P4 =3 64 :'==3 ;+*3 34 +; >+';'@'* ;*=3. T6 Saddar 434 D


22/393


4 '+* *+ >+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 '32+3 ' *6 '3 5* +; *6+'3 ;+'*>* *6 6 6 *+ 2*6 2;+ *63 @ *6 +*64. E' *6 @>= **''*4 6 *+ + 4+, 2*+' @3, @+': 4+@ +*6 4+'4,6 2' '*' *+ +24 56 +@' ' *64 4** 4*.1 a7b

A* *6 ' +; ;+*3 34, 6>6 4 *6 5+ +; >+';'@'*, *6=3 64 *+ 56=2*64 2+'* +; *64@+*=*3 4 , ' *6;+>3 :@4 ;+@ +' +@' ' >+';'@'* *+ '+*6. T6 @;3 *4 +;+= 4 *+ *6 4>5=4 T6' 4 6:6 ' 6+=3 >==': 4 *6* *6+< >4 * *6 5+';'@'*, *6 +:'= '*'*+' 4@4 *+ 2 *6* +; +24': $urity. S+@ +;*6 =* PK' ' P4' *4 6 '+* 5+5=3 * +; *6 =3 *4, ' 4+, 6 > *6 :+


23/393

BIRTH :

' : *6 ? ;+ *6 ;4* '. I' *6 H+@ Y46*,1 H+@ 4 4*+ : ;' 6=*63 >6=' *+ +@'. H+@ 4 @2=@*>= +;

@@+*=*3. A'd +; *6 H+@?, 4* ' @ +; @+=444 +a8b 46= *6 6 +' @= ;+ 18@+'*64 ; *6 >6= 2 @=, ' ;+ 1 ; * 2 ;@=.

Nami&, the -hi5(.

H++*6= @+': *6'>'* P4'4. W '; ;+@ 6* 6 434, *6* *6 5'*4 *;+ 4+@ *@ ;* 2*6, ' *6', *>6': *6 5634>= ' @'*=>6>*4*>4 +; *6 >6=, : *6@ 46 '@4 4 '>* *6>6>*4*>4. I' *6 >4 +; @+' P44, @'3 '@ *6 >6=;* ' @@* >4 '>4*+. A P4 '@ 4 @ +' 4 64;*6"4 '@ ' *6 *6 4 64 46=,6 +4 @+*6. S+@4+* *+ 4+>== 4*+=+: ' '@ *6 >6= 4 4 23 6@.

T64 5+>44 +; '@': *6 >6= 64 +' 5*>, ' * 4 *64 I' == =:+@+'4, @+'4 ;* *6(A'n466k'), *6 '@ 4 4@==3 >*. I' *6 >4 +; ;@=, 6 54+'= '@ 4 >* *+:*6 *6 *6* +; 6 ;*64 =+': 4 46 4 '+* 2*+*6. B@+'3 +;

1 Y4' 9, 5. &&. Vide @3 55 +' H+@ ' *6 A4*/ ;+ *6 6=*6:':5+5*4 **2


24/393

; SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES AND C!STOS

2*+*6= 4 '+' 4 N+#%ad shudan/ ' P4', @'': *+ 2'@,/ + n+# $+dvun ' G


25/393

BIRTH <

(F


26/393

*7 SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES AND C!STOS

:'==3 4'* *6 4+@ 4'=++ *+ ' ?+'': F*@5=.T6, *6 46 +; *6 4> ; 4 **>6 *+ *4 ;+6. S+@ +;

*6+4, 6+ >' ;;+, :* =:+@+'3, '+' 4 F46*,1

5;+@. T6* 4 :'==3 +' +' *6 ;4* 2*63. T64>@+'3 >+'44*4 +; *6 >*= +; 534 ' 6+'+*4, *6* G+"4 2=44':4 '+ = >6>*4*>4 ' @'*= *6G+ 64 >* *64 YK*4 *+ 54. A>>+': *+ H++*6 *6 '>'* P4'4+24 @+4* 4 *6 2*63./

Chi5(hoo(.F+@ 4*>*=3 =:+4 +; *6 >6=6++ +; P4 >6=. I* 4 6= *+ 2 ''+>'* ' '+* =2= + 4* *+ *6 5;+@'> +; '3=:+@+'4 +' =+ 4>=. I' *6 >*= +; *6 ;>4+'+; *4 '?+*, 6' * 4 *+ 2 '4* *6 4> 46* a4, V+=. III., 5. , Le Zend Avesta, 5 D@4**, V+=.II., 5. ]8.


27/393

BIRTH **

T6 P6= Aer$atastan1 64 >65* +' *6 4* +; *6>6=6++ +; 0++4*' >6= +; += ' +; *6 45+'42=*4 +; *4

M+2 5>5*+4. T6 =** *+ * '+ >6=' 6=' = *6 *65>5*+4, 6+4 ; ;+ *6 6+= 5+ +; *6=' ; *6 4*5+'*'*4 +; 4>*+' +;*6 =+4* 6us$aru# nask +' *6 4* +; >6=2*6 ' >6=' B:**': 4+'>+'>5*+' *+'4 +; 4 ;+@*+' +; *6 =@24 F64" 5+ +; @': *644 >6=2*6 ' > +; >6= 45*


28/393

CHAPTER II. ARRIA%E CEREONIES ANDC!STOS.

arria,e1 a ,oo( i&'titutio&1 a--or(i&, to Par'ee 2oo9'. A>>+': *+ *6 P4 2++4, @: 4 ' '4** +' *6 *6 *6* ;=46553c/ A6 4 6553), + 6>6 6+=3 @' 26=', ' :++;+==+4./ (V. !1.)1

T6 4+' 63 @: 4 >+@@' ' P4 2++4 4 *6**6 4 :* ==6++ ;+ @ 54+' *6' ;+ '=+*6 *6 +*6 *6 :6*++=:+'4* *+ a1b @3.T6 Vendidad () 434 I; >+=:+'4* 2 6 2+*6 +;' >+@4 *+ *6 *6 4 ;+ ;, :* 6@ @ *+ ;./& T+ 2': 2+24 *6 6++


29/393

ARRIA%E *

5+=='> *+ 2 *6 ;*6+; @'3 4+'4. E3 3 *6 ': 4'4 46 :;*4 *+ *6 @' 6+ >'46+ *6 =:4* '+'4 @+': *6P44 *+ 2 @+4* @5+*'* '* ' +'"4 =;.

The re5i,iou' 0art o/ the marria,e -eremo&ie' i' ori,i&a55yPer'ia&.

A;* *6 4= >44**=3 4+=@' + *6 =:+@+'3, 6' *6 54*4 * 5*, 4 @+ + =44 +:'==3P4'. M. H=K 4@4 *+ 2 >+>* 6' 6 434 +' *64 5+'*

N+ d+ =4P44 @+'4 @+'* @'* +; *6 A46 aasirvad b + *6@: B=44':53, '+' 4 *6 Pavand-n+#eh, ' >** *6 ': >@+'3, *6 +;;>*': 6 54* 434 *6* *6>@+'3 4 >>+': *+ *6 4 ' H++*6@''4+24 4+@ >@+'4 ;+ @:. F+4 =4+ ;4 *+ *64*'> +; 4+@ @: >'"4 C=>63* ;6*3. T64 >' 2 >+@5 *+ *6* +;*6 ;'* C64*'4, 6' 5+'* G4, *6 S** *6+*+' @+': *6 '>'* J4(J


30/393


*+', V+=. I, 5. !&%).

The marria,ea25e a,e. A>>+': *+ *6 A4*, 54+' >@ *+ @'6++ ' '>'*

I' * *6 : +; ;;*' (Y*. 81!1, T Y*. 117, W6' Y. 9).T6 P6= Bundahishn =4+ :4 *6 4@ : (C65. III., 19, S.B.E. V+=. V., 1]). S+, ;;*' 4 *6 @:2= : ;+ @=4. F+ *6;@=4 =4+ * 4 1 (V. 11). T6 3 ;>*, *6* ' *6 A4* ;' 24 53': ;+ 4@+'3, =4+46+4 *6* =3 @:4 ' >+'*@5=*. T6 2 ' 2:++@ 4 *+ 544 *6 >+'4'* ;* ** @ 234= +*6 >@+'4. W6' *6 @*>6 4 ':, ' +6 W6', *6 ':= +; V>*+3, 4 2= *+ 54, :'==3>+'4 *+ 2 ++'4'* +;*6 >6=', *6+44 +; @:4 6 @3': 5*4 @ *6 +' >6+>. I' *6 =** >4, *63:'==3 >+'444 (s &). T6 @:4 +; *6 *6 4+'4 +; F++' ' *6@:4 +; R


31/393

ARRIA%E *6

:+ *+ *6 6++'4. T6' *6 =4 +; *6 2"4 ;@=3 :+ *+ *6 6+5+>=54'*4 +; 4= >+'4 ;+@ *6 +'=3 @5+*'* 5* +; *6 >@+'3.

T6 =4 *+'44*': +; ;46, 4*4, >@+'3 4 Adr+vv2n, 26 4 ;+@ *6 P4' a18b *@ N+#%adkardan,/ .., *+ '@. I* 4 4+ >== ;+@ *6 ;>* *6* ;* *6 2*+*6=, *6 24 *++ *6 '@4 +; *6 2:++@4.& A>>+':*+ *6 P4 > + >>'*, @: +4 '+* * 5=>. T64 46+4 *6* 2*+*6=! 4 >+'4 *+ 2 4+=@' >@+'3 ;+ @:>+'*>*. N4+'.

The Div=1 or the 9i&(5i&, o/ a 5am0.

T6 '* >@+'= +>>4+' 4 *6* +; Dn, .., =:6*. I* 4 4+>== 2>6 +; *6 *+

1 A' @+'4 +; *6 P44 ' S* 5* ' *6;4* >@+'3, 2* *6 T'D++4* ' *6 P+;44+' +; F*6 53 ' : *6 6'+; +' '*+ *6* + *6 +*6. I' 4+@ +; *6 M+;*3 +; B+@23, V+=. V +; 1899.

"f. *6 >'* G4, >>+': *+ 6>6 *6 2"4 @+*6> ' 6 6' *6 2= *+>64 '= * *6 ;@=3 6*6, ' *6 2:++@"4 @+*6 > *+>64 ' * *6 5+>44+' ;+@ *6 2"4


32/393


;@=4 :+ ' * 4= >+' '*6 =@5 *6. T64 +>>4+' 4 >+'4 @+ @5+*'* *6' *6*

+; *6 2*+*6=, 2>=+*64 ' ':4 @. W6' *6 @*>64 ':, *6 2*+*6= 4 64*=3*@' >4+', *6 3 ;+ 6>6 4 ;=4(ar&i.

T6 '* @5+*'* +>>4+' 4 *6* +; ', I* 4 *6 +>>4+',+' 6>6, *6 +3 :' 23 *6 2"4 ;*6, 4 54'* *+ *6 2:++@"4 ;@=3. O' 4= +*6 +>>4+'4 +; 6+=34 2*'*6 2*+*6= 3 ' *6 @: 3, 4= 54'*4 4'* *+>6 +*6"4 ;@=3, @+4*=3 ;+@ *6 ;@=3 +; *6 2 *+ *6* +; *6 2:++@. T6 @: +>>4+' 4 +', 6' *6 @+*64 +; *6 2 ' *6 2:++@, 5>* 54'*4 +; >=+*64 ;+@ *6 +'5'*4. I; *6 5'*4 , * 4 >+'4 *+ 2 *6 44+' + @+'4 *+ 2 *6 24* 44+' ;+@:4 @+': *6 '>'* P4'4, 2> ' *6 '*. A ;+6+4', ' *6 '': @++' 4 45>==3 +./ ( !he 6o#e Life of the

Ancient :reeks, 23 B=i@', 5. 1!]). T6 A*6''4 5; *6 *@ +; *6 '@++', 6= 4+@ +; *6 G4 >+'4 *6 5+ +; ;


33/393

ARRIA%E *:

:'==3 =4* ;+ ;+== #+ndav-saro, 6' *: +; *, :'==3 @':+*, 4 5='* ' *6

++, 43@2+=> +; 46 ;+ ;*=*3.1

T6 4>+' ' *6 *6 34 '+' 4 Varadh-$atra 34 6' =:+@+'4 '6+'+@+'4 +; *6 3 +; @: *4=;, *6 2' *6 2:++@ * ' *6 @+'': + ' *6 ;*'++', 4> 2*6 *6 >+'4>* *.& T64 4> 2*6 4 '+' 4 n+n. >

The time o/ the 0er/orma&-e o/ the re5i,iou' -eremo&y.

T6 P4 @:4 :'==3 5;+@ ' *6 '':, ?+@@+* *6 4*4 *6' *6 26 @=2*,'+* d

+; ' 44@2=3 ('?+@') 6+ >' 2 *'44 *+ *6 '*.' I4, ' *6 34 6>6 ;+==+ *6@, 5*>


34/393

*; SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES AND C!STOS

A>>+': *+ *6 *enkard , @:4 5;+@ ' '>'* I', *6 e>=*. I* 434 *6* *6 == Sh+h3an, (.., *6 44@2=3 ;+ *6 +3= 2).

The (re'' o/ the 2ri(e,room.

T6 2:++@ 56 4 =++4 ;=+': 44, ;+'4 'I' 43@2+= +; 45>* ' :*'44.! a&&b H 64 *6 @ +; /unkun ( 5:@'*) +' 64 ;+6.

The 'i,&i/i-atio& o/ the mar9 o/ kunkun o& the /orehea( a&( o//5o?er'.

T6 5:@'* @ +' *6 ;+6 +; 2 4 =34 +>4+'4. I' >+664, ' *6 +; ' +; @34*3, 45>*, ' '. W+@', *6;+, :'==3 5+=+ ' ;*6, ;4+' +; 6 @:. T622+''+*4 6>6 *6 :4+'4 =4+ 6* ' >+=+6; =4 +; *6 P4 >+@@3 46=4 4 *6 '4:'

+; *6 +;;>. T6 54'**+' +; 46=4 *+ ;'4 +' @5+*'* >@+'=+>>4+'4, 4 @:4, 4 4*== >+@@+' *+ >*' *'*.

/unkun + *6 5:@'* 5=34 ' @5+*'* 5* +' @:, ' 46 +*6:3 +>>4+'4 ' I'. V+ '@=4 +' :3 +>>4+'4 = @:, *+ * = ;+@ *6 @ =;+; *6 >+;> '@=4 4 55= *+ *6 ;+6 +;*6 @3': >+*+' +; *6 5:@'* 4 >+'4 *+ 2 @''* ' 4, 6 @ 4=:6* >6 4 +:'==3 t(>+44) ' 4 43@2+= +; ;=>*3, 4;*3, ' 4=*+'.


35/393

ARRIA%E *<

' *6* +' *6 ;+6 +; 2:++@ =34 =+': ' *>=.T6 4+' 4 *64 *6 =+': *>= @ +; *6 @= 43@2+=K4 3

+; *6 4 *646++*': 34. A:', *6 4': :'*. S6 24+24 *634 +; *6 4+'>': :'*, 4+ 4 @' ' 64 =*+' *+ +@'. H'> * 4 *6**6 @ +' @'"4 ;+6 4 =+': ' *>= = *6 34 +; *64


36/393

+7 SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES AND C!STOS

T6 @@+ 5* 23 *6 > 5+ *+ 2 +; >4+'4 +; @:4 ' *6 ;@=3 +; *6 ;'4,

*63 6 *+ @ 4@= 54'*4 ' *6 '+'3 2:++@ +; @+* @'4 4 5>* *+ 5+ ;+64 2.

arria,e 0ro-e''io&'.

A' 6+=2*+' +; *6 @:, *6 =4 +;*6 2"4 ;@=3 ' *6 2"4 ;'4, ;+@ *6@4=4 ' 5+>44+', ' >3 ;+ *6 2:++@, *+ 64 5=>, 54'*4 +;>=+*64 ' 4+@ +*6 =>4+'4. 1 A '*': 54*4 ' *6 2:++@ ' ;+==+ 23*6 =4 6+ >3 *6 *6@ 6* 4 >== varni, .., 54'*;+@ *6 var, (.., *6 2:++@) *+ *6 2. T6 5+>44+' 44+@*@4 5> 23 2' +; @. A>>+': *+ *6 P6=

6+= ==: 5 ' *6 4@== >+'*2* @+': *6@4=4 ' 54'*

*+ *6 @3': >+6++=@4*4 ' *6 54*4 :'==3 ='* *6 >++': * *6 5=> +; @:, ' *6 44@2= ;'4 5


37/393

ARRIA%E +*

*enkard , +' +; *6 +2?>*4 +; 5=3': @ +' *6 +>>4+' +; @: 4 *+ ';+@ *6 6+= *+', 45>==3 *6 ':62+ +; *6 2, ' *4 @@24 >>+@@+* *6 4*4, *6 @=4 ' *6 >+@5+== toran (.., >6)' *6 45+4*4 6>6 46*>*63) 5=3 3 5+@''* 5*(vide 6istory of 0ndian Literature 23 H+*K, 5. 7&). I* 4 43@2+= +; @:,4+@@+' ' I'. T6 + 6aradh >+@4 ;+@ *6 S'4* ++* har, 6>6 @'4 *+ 2 3==+, *+46'./ I*4 >+=+, +' +; *6 ;;'* I'' +4 ;+ * 4 Ra3ni, ..,=:6*. T63 43 *6* ' '>'* *@4 3+6=' * *66'4 +; *6 6+'4 *+ 2 *6 +>4+' ;+ *6 >+@': +; *6 :+44 L@, 6>6 544 + =*6 '


38/393

++ SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES AND C!STOS

+; *6 2:++@"4 6+4+'. a&]b

We5-omi&, -eremo&ie' 2e/ore -ro''i&, the thre'ho5(.

A;* *6 44@2=3 4 4*, *6 2:++@ '*4 *6 2"46++@ * *6 ++ 23 *6 @+*6 +; *6 2. H 4@ *+ 4*' * *6 *646+= 6 4= >@+'4 5;+@ *+ =>+@ 6@ ' *+ 46 6@ :++ =. A ;46 /unkun @ 4 @ 4 4* + *[email protected] B;+ *6 >*= +; *6 @: 2=44':4, *6 2 ' *6 2:++@ =4+ *6+ +>+'+=++@4 *6

@ >+++;>. T6 :== +;*6 >*@ 4 =34 *' ++*=', *63 + *6 6 +; *6 2 * *6 *646+= +;6 6@+'3, *63 54'* 2;+ *6 2:++@ ':=44 6>6 6 24 4 4:' +; :++ +@'. A== 54'* *6' 46+


39/393

ARRIA%E +

544 ++44 *6*646+=.! T6 *646+= 4 >+44 *6 *6 :6* ;++*, 6>6 4=34 >+'4 +@+'3 @+': *6 H24 4 +** + *6 :+6 @3 2 4 4=3

2+' 4 *6 :=44.1 W* 4 >+'4 *+ 2 43@2+= +; 5+45*3 ' =4+ +; 6>+': *+

H++** +;*6 A*6''4 ' S5*'4 +; *6+': *6 P4' @44':4 '*+ 5* ' '*+ == 45>*=3, *+ > *6 *6 +' 6'4 *6;+@ *6 4 *6 ' *, 4 +' +; *6 @@* >++*=', ' *6 =4* >'*+'* R+@'4, *6 2, 6' 46 ;4* '* *+ 6 6++


40/393


The ?aiti&, /or the 2ri(e.

W6' *6 2:++@ '*4 *6 6++@4 ' ;* 46+**@, *+ * 6 4*.1 T6 2:++@ 4*4 +' a&9b *6 :6* 6' +;*6 2. T6 :6* 6' 4 4 5=> +; 6+'++'4 *+ 2 *6 = +; *6 2.&

T6 2:++@ ' *6 2 * *6 4*4 ;>': *6 E4*. !

T6 *+ 4*++=4 +' +' 4 +; >6 +; *6 >64. O' *64 5=> *+ @*==> *34 ;, 6>6 4 *+ 2 *6+' 23 *6

+;;>*': 54*4 + *6 >+*': *6 @: 2'>*+'4. O' *6 4*++= 23 *6 4 +; *6 >6 +' 6>6 *6 24 *+ * 6 4*, 4*'4 4@== @*==> 5+* >+'*'': :6(>=; 2=; ' *6 6+ 6>6 4 5*+* *+ 5=3 * +'>. T6d. I' 4+@ *24, 6' *6 2:++@"4 5*3 :+4 *+ *6 2"4, *6=**"4 6+=+4 ;+ 4+@*@ ' +5' ;* 4+@ '+>':. S6> +; *6 '>'* S'* R+@' 2, ;+ 4@= 4+'4,55= += +' *6 *646+= +; 6 6+>4+'4. C6 4 ' +; @= 5+*+', =4+ 5=34 5+@''* 5* +' ?+3+>4+'4 = 2*634 ' @:4. M+=444 2': 4* 44


41/393

ARRIA%E +6

Fire.

A 4'* 4*'4 *6 6+=': >'4 *6 2'4 ' *6 +*6.1 O' *6 *+ 4*'4 *6 *+ 2'=4, +', 23 *6 4 +; *6 2:++@, ' *6+*6, 23 *6 4 +; *6 2.&

arria,e ?it&e''e'.

T6' *+ 54+'4 @ *+ 4*' 2;+ *6@, +' 23 *6 4+; *6 2:++@ ' *6 +*6 23 *6* +; *6 2. T64 *6@: *'444.! T6 '4* =*+'4 :'==3 4*' 4 *'444. I* 4 @+'3 *4=;, ;', 2+*6 ;+@ *6 '>'* *':4' *6 @+' >+@+'3, *6 5+*>+'*'': *64 4 54'* *+ *6 ;@=354*.

1 F 4 6= 4 4> ' @+4* @5+*'* 43@2+= @+': *6 P44. S+, * 454'* ' @+4* +; *6 P4 *+@': 64 2 ' 64 6+>+': *+ 4+@, *6 R+@' 2:++@ 6= ; ' * 2;+ 64 2 4

'>444 +; =;,/ 4:';3': *623 *6* 6 +'* G4,@+': 6+@ *6 @+*6 +; *6 2 > *64 *+>64 ' @:5+>44+'4. T63 '= ;+@ *6 ;@=3 6*64.

! I* 4 *6 >'* H24 =4+ 6 *+ *'444. T6 C64*'4 =4+ 6*+. A@+': *6 R+@'4, *6 P+'*; M@@+'3 2;+ *6 *'444. I' '>'* P4 , *6 '4* =*+'4 4*++ 4 *'444.

A>>+': *+ F+4, ' *6 @: +; S46 *6 F':K, A;42, *6;*6 +; F':K, 4*++ 4 *'44 ;+ 64 ' 5;+@ *6@: >@+'3.

P6= P3''k@6.


42/393


;44 6 4 >>+@5' *6 45'=': +; > + 46 +*6 *6':4.

Pre5imi&ary -eremo&ie'. Tyi&, the marria,e#9&ot.

B;+ 2': 4* 23 >6 +*6"4 4, *6 2 ' *6 2:++@ ;4* 4* +55+4* >6 +*6, 45* 23 5>+; >=+*6 6= 2*' *6@ 4 >==*6 =:+@+'4. T+ 54*4 54'* *6@4=4 ;+ *65;+@'> +; *64 >@+'4. T6 4'+ +;;>*': 54* :4*6 :6* 6' +; +' '*+ *6 :6* 6' +; *6 +*6. T6' 5> +;>=+*6 4 544 +=+4 *6@ ' >>=. T6 '4 +; *6 >=+*6 * *+:*6. T64 4, 4 * ,4*>*=3 45': *6 *3': +; *6 @:'+*. T64 4 +' *6 *6>*= +; *6 4> ;+@=+*6, 6>6, 4 * ,'>=+44 *6@ '*+ >>= +; ;+@@+'3 +; 6';4*'': 4 >+'4 4 *6 *;3'::@'* +; @:. A@+': *6 '>'* R+@'4, *6 54* @ *6 @3':>++'4 *+ 2 *6 *'44 +; +'"4 ;*6. A@+': *6 A443'4, * 4 *6 ;*6 +; *6 2:++@ 6+ ;4*' *6 6'4 +; *6 >+


43/393

ARRIA%E +:

>* @+'3 4 5;+@ 23 +*6

54*4.1

I' *6 >@+'3 +; 6';4*'':, *6 *4* 4 5 53 +; ?atha Ahu Vairyo 4 >*.

The u&io&.

A* *6 ' +; *64 >@+'3, * 4:'= :' 23 *6 4'+ 54*,

*6 4'* 6+ 6+=4 *6 ;4 5=>4 ;''>'4 +' *6 ;. A**64 4:'=, *6 >+6 +*6 ; :'4 +; > 6>6 *63 6+= ' *6 =;* 6'4. T64 *6+': +; > 4>>+@5' 23 >=55': +; 6'4 23 *6 ;'4 ' =*+'4 6+6 44@2= *6.

T6 2+ >@+'3 +; 6+=': *6 >=+*6>6 *6 >+ ' *6 5464 ' 6>6 *6 >+6':=4, 4' 6'4, ' 4' 464, .., *6 K+'4 + :+'4 a+>+'*''*4b. "f. *6 4' >6':=4 +; *6 H24 ' *6 4' S5*4 +; *6C64*'4.

! A@+': *6 H24, *6 2 * ;4* 5+*>=+*6 6>6 4 ;*4 @+. A@+': *6R@4+' *;;* 46 +*6"4 34./ (!he /not !ied 23 W. T::. 5. 1%]).


44/393

+; SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES AND C!STOS

@3 '+* 4=3 2 2+'.

The thro?i&, o/ ri-e.T6 *6+': +; *6 > 23 *6 @3': >++; =+. W6+ +', *6 2:++@ + *6 2r/ 4 d*4 *6* 6 + 46 == 2 *6 ;+@+4* ' =+':' 45>*': *6 +*6. T6 >=55': +; 6'4 5444 *655+= ' :++== +; *6 a!b 44@2=3 ;+ *6 *+'4, *6+ > + *6@3': >+ + 4+@ 46 +*6 *6': + *6@3': >+'

2 >==, *6 4*>*=3 =:+@+'3. T+ +;;>*':54*4 4*' 2;+ *6 >+'* L+, :'* 3+< 5+:'3 +; 4+'4 ' :'4+'4, 5='*3 +; @'4 *+5+ 3+


45/393

ARRIA%E +<

@* *+:*6 ' *6 >*3 +;.......1 +' ....... 3 +; ....... @+'*6 +; *6 3 .......& +; E@5+ YK: +; *6 S4'' 3'4*3 +; + *6 *6 *4 '* +; @: *=, 23 2+*6 *6 +;;>*': 54*4, +; *6 Pavand-n+#eh + Ashirad (.. 2'>*+'), 6>6 4 ' 44@ 6 *6 @: 45;+@ @'*+'.

! H, *6 '@ +; *6 2 4 @'*+'.

T64 4=4 *6 @: *6*@4. H 5*4 *6 2'>*+' *6 *@4. I' 4+@ +; *6 *24 +; C'*= A4,.:., ' D4*', *6 54* 44 *6 @3': >++'4'*. I' *6 G C66 ' R


46/393


A(mo&itio&'.

T6 ;4* 5* +; *6 44, >+'44*': +; @+'*+'4 *+ *6

@3': >++++5* *6 *6 ==';+@. F:6* *6 3+ +; ':4. B @+ :=++==3 ;+ @3 55 M: C


47/393

ARRIA%E *

L+, 4 3++@ *+ 3+< 6>6 4 2** *6' :++. M3 *6* '+* >+@ *+ 3+< 6>6 4 +4 *6' =. O6 :++ @'r M3 *6* >>6 4 2** *6' :++. M3 3+6

3+< 6 @ 3+>+@ *+ 3+< 6>6 4 2** *6' :++. M3 '+* *6* 4';6


48/393

+ SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES AND C!STOS

4 +4 *6' =, >+@ *+ 3+6=' 2=44 *6 ''* 4+@, 3 =+': =;, '*6 2=='* 6553 54, 6>6 4 *+'4 ' 6>6 >*' 5* +*64 +; '>'* I' @'*+' 23 '@, ' * 4 46, *6**6 5 @3 2 2=44 *6 *6 *+= d*+' +;*6 +=. M3 3+< 2 4 :* ' :'*3 4 ':6+4*++ 4 A45', 4 :++ 6=5+; =:+' ' ;4': 4 J@45, 4 6+=3 4 *6 H+=3S5*4, 4 :'+


49/393

ARRIA%E

G+ ' 64 >*+'. M3 *64 :++ 464 2 ;+6 4 *6' *6 =':*63 6 >+'*'*+'4 ' *6 PK' =':+6='' =+': 6553 =; 2 *6 =+*. M3 *6 2+3 2 2=44 *6 655'44 ' *6 4+


50/393


+; 2=44':4 =2*+' +; @:. B*' +*6 >4, 6>6, *6+ 54* +'4'* +; *6 2;+ *6 @:. H': > *, 6 ;4*' *6 ' +; 5* +; 6 =+': = *+*6 4* +; *6 2:++@"4 >+*, ' *6


51/393

ARRIA%E 6

5+>44 +; ;4*'': *6 4*4 4 >>+@5' 23 4+':. T64 >+*>2= 2+ +; *': +;; E':=46 46+4 ' 4*+>':4, +'=3 *6;+'* *5 +; *6 46+4 4 46 *6 =**= *. T6 4:';>*+' +;*6 >, ;4*:' 4+@ * *+ 46 *6 ;* 4+= 23 =+': =. A* *@4, =3 6 *6 46+ *6+': *+ ' += >'*R+@'4, 2+*6 46 ' 6 66

4 >@+'3 ' 6>6 *6 2:++@ ' 2 *4* > @ +; ;=++@@;+*6 +;=*6 55 ;+@ *6 4' +; 465 == ;+ *6 @: 4>;>. T6 2= > +; C64*' @:4 4@4 *+ 2 => +; *6 '>'* R+@' >4 +; *24 *6* 6 4*==5='* @+': *6@ *64 >+6

4 >+'4>* ' 2=44 23 *6 R22 (W. T::, 5. ). I' R+>+':*+ * +; *6 Asiatic @uartery Revie, ' += L+@23, *6 +'=3 @: * 4 *64, *6* *6 @: >+6 +*6.L**=3, 6' *6 >=:3 5+*4* :'4* *64 4@5= * *6+


52/393


6>6 dahi + > +; ;++ +' :3 +>>4+'4, ;+@ *6 44'*=5* +; *6 46.

E9i Be9i1 i.e.1 o((' a&( eve&.

A'+*6 5>+6 4 ;+@ +; 5=3. B+*6 6 4=@+'3. A;**6 >=2*+' +; *6 @:, *6 2 >>+@5'4 *6 6+ ; *@5=4. M3 *6 S> ;4 25* *6 ;;*6, 5+5+4 >>+': *+*6 >*+'4 +; *6 6+4*, ' 4+@ +' @+': *6 :*+'4 ;+@ *6 54* ' 4@+' *+ *. A@+': *6 M='4'4, *6 >+6 +*6 *6 @+4=4 ;+@ 46>== sago#ash./ T6 2 *6' : =**= *+2>>+ *+ *6 2:++@ 6+, '64 *


53/393

ARRIA%E :

y+d ,/ .., *6 @@2'> +; *6 5++@@ +; *6 4> '@ +; G+, ;:'*;''>'4 4 + *+ 2 5=> +' *6 ;@=3 6*6. N+45>64 @ 6= 5+5+4': *6@. A* =: :*6':4, *6 5+;44+'= 6=*65+5+44. L++@5=* *6++@@+'' *+ >+'4 4+@ 4*54 *+ :4+'4;+@ *6 5+'* +; +; >+'[email protected] M* >++''>*+' *6 *64 4* +; @:, == 43 ; +4 6 +' *6 4* +; +> ' +' *6* +; 6:'==3 =4 *+ *.

I* 554, *6* ' '>'* I', 6 ;+@ 64 ; ' >4 +; .! T6 P6= + ;+ +> 4 %an-ta3+.

1 Parsee Prak+sh, 23 6' Bk6k


54/393

; SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES AND C!STOS

A'+*6 > +' *6 5* +; *6 64, 2+' ;. E' +' 4 >+ 4 6 6* 4 *6 @4*44 +; *6 6++' ; *6 ;;>*+' ' ''44.

A 544: ' H++* 64 ;. M44*46='.

T6 P44, '+34, :+' 23 *6 P4 M: 'D+> A>* (A>* N+. ^V +; 18]) 544 +' *6 7 *6 A5= 18]. A>>+': *+ *6* A>*, *6 ;+==+': 4 4 :++'*>*': 5*4 '+* '+.

&. I@5+*'>3.

!. C+'*'5= >. T6 A4*44 *4 +> *6 :* ;+> :'4* @4>+'* ' 3 ;+@ '=34 +' 3 4 4*>*+'4 *+ 44 *+ @:,

46+4 *6* *63 =++ 4 +; @' 6+ 6 =+4* 6 ;*6, * 4 '>


55/393

ARRIA%E <

: 6 ' @: * *6 5+5 *@. T6* 4 >>+* +;:6*++'4 '42= + =@+4*

4';==4, 4+=>**+'4 *+ >./ 1 T6, *4 4 B./&

T6 ;@= YK* A46 (Y*. 177]%) >+@5='4 2**=3 :'4*

*64 >. S6 434 *6* * 4 *6 +4* *6* @' ' *3'*4 +,/ ! 6' *63 4 @'4 ;+@ *6 5*6 +; * +; >+*+' +; *4 @+*+' >>+': *+ *6 >*+' +; *6 ' (Y. 9!&). T6 A@46S5'* A46 V646* (B4*R:6*++@4 ' *6 3 +; *6 5+:44 +; *6 += (V. &11). T6 5+:44+; *6 += ' *6 ;;'* 4564 +; >**3, 5634>= ' a9b@'*=, >*4 :'4* *6 ';=*+' +; *64 > (Y*. 1!1&). I' *6 P6= B+';=>* ' *6 +=,/

6;+@ *6 4*44 ' '?6 4*


56/393


66 ++6= ' *6 +@2.

A:', ' ' 4+>*3 ' '+*6 3. W6' @'>+@@*4 *+' +; *6

Vendidad , 4 2++6=' 4==3 *+ 45+= *6 :++ @''4 ' @+=4 +; *6 =:*@*>6='. B+@@* ' *6 >6=6++ + ' *6 :+'==3 *6 ++@2.(C65. ]&).7 T6


57/393

ARRIA%E 4*

+4 5


58/393

CHAPTER III. F!NERA$ CEREONIES ANDC!STOS.

W == ** *6 4* +; *6 F4 * ;+*6 , 2 45+4 +; ' 3 *6 =4* 6@;5*@+'4 +;

*64 + >' 2 44 +;' 5@>, vi%., (1) *+ 2 *6 >+'*>* +; *6 =': *6 *6 = +4'* +; ';>*+' (&) *+ 4*+3 *64 >'* *4=;. T6+4 4 ';>*+*++'*>* 45+442= *6 2+4.

The i(ea o/ 'im05i-ity a&( eua5ity.

A:', ' +; 4@5=>*3 4 +24 ' *64 >@+'4. Sk,*6 P4' 5+*, 434

"hun +hang-i-raftan kunad 3+n-i-$+kch 'ar takht #urdan ch 'ar rui-i-kh+k.

.., 6' *6 5+


59/393

DEATH 4

5+*. T6 @*6+ +; >3': *6 2+3 ;+ 45+4=, ;+@ 2:''': *+', 4 *6 4@ ;+ ==.

Wa'hi&, the 'hrou(1 a&( the 0art o/ the hou'e ?here the 2o(y i'05a-e(.

W6' 54+'"4 >4 4 :' + 4 =4+ 46 2;+6' ' *66++ 4 6* ' @ +; >+**+'. I* ' '+* 2 '. O= >=+*64 @3 2


60/393


'?+' *+ *6 4+': *+

**+', *6 *ah#a + *6 :6*+ 53 + >* *6 A46@ V+6* 6+@ ? 5++'4 44'*= ' 4+@ +; *6 P4 >@+'4, 4+55 '*+ *6 @++54 4 46 *6+=' 4=+*64, 46 * 6+@, 4 *6' 5@T4 ;+ *6 =+4* 2S34 ;+ *6 C64*' R?+>./ 7es'ury.

"f. C+@, >+@ '+ *@ ;+ =@'**+' '+N+* @6 @+ >


61/393

DEATH 46

5 *6 4 *6' 5+*.T6' *+ 54+'4 5': *6@4=4 ' *+6 *6 *6 2+3 4* >=+4 23, ' 4+@2+3 >*4 *6 A46@ V+6< 53 3 >=+4 *+ *6 +; *6 >4. T6 =*+'4 *6' @* + @2> *6 >4 ;+*6 =4* *@. I' P4, *6 54+' 46': *6 >+54 5 +; *ru3-i-Nasush, .., *6 = ';=+'*>* *6 *6 2+3. I; 4+@2+3 =4 *+64 *6 2+3, 6 64 *+ :+*6+44 +; 5*+' + 4> 2*6 *' 6: +; *+ 54+'4 6+ :'==3

*' *+ *6 +. T63 ;4* d=' 4=+*64. T63 5;+@ *6 +54 4 5=>.

The Pay?a&(.

T+ 6+= $ayand @'4 *+ 2 ' >=+4 >+'*>* + *+6 *6>6 +*6. T64 4 +' 6' *+ 54+'4 6+= 5> +; >=+*6 +

>+**+' *5 2*' *6@. T64 4 '*' *+ 46+ *6* *63 44+>* + 6 +*6. W6' *64 *+ 54+'4 '* '*+ *6++@, 6+=': *6 53'/ 2*' *6@, *6 *+ =*+'4 6+ 4**': 23 *6 4 +; *6 >4 = *6 5=>4 ' '* *6 2+3 +' *6 :+=' 6*46* +; >=+*6 ' 5


62/393


$ayi&, o& the '5a2.

T6 >+54 4 *6' =;* ;+@ *4 5=> 23 *6 2+@'*+'

*+ 54+'4 ' 564* >+444. I' 4+@ +; *6*+'4 +; G


63/393

DEATH 4:

Dra?i&, the kasha1 or the 2ou&(ary 5i&e'.

A;* 5=>': *6 >+54 +' 4=24 +; 4*+'4, +' +; *6 *+ 54+'4,

4 += 4*@5+=3 4* 5* ;+ *6 >+54, ' *6* '+2+3 4 *+ :+ *+ *6*5* +; *6 :+*+'.

Se0arate a0artme&t' /or the (ea( 2o(ie'.

I' '>'* P4, =@+4* == 6++54 2;+ *4 @+= *+ *6 T+4 +;S='> (6@4). I' *6 >4 +; *6 5++ 6+ >+. S6 6+


64/393

4; SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES AND C!STOS

6+6 *63 6 >* 2;+ >+@@'>':

*6 +.The Sa,(i(

O' +; *6 >@+'4 4 *6* +; *6 Sagdid . T6 + S:/ 4@ *', 2;+ *645+4= +; *6 2+3, 6*6 =; 4 ==3 *'>*. (') O*64, 4 D.H**6 sagdid +; *6 +:, 6>6 +; == '@=4 4 *6 @+4* ;*6;* 6>6 *6 MK34''4 5+;44 ;+ *6 +: @3 2 +==>*+' +; '>'* 2=; +; 6>6 *6 >+>*@'': @3 6 2' a]%b =+4* + *+ 45>= @+*. T6* @+*@3 2 *6 544+' +; *6 >+:'*+' +; *6 +:"4 =4' 4+>*3 6 *6 >+.& (e) A:', +*64 >+'4

1 I* 554 ;+@ *6 >@+'4 +; *64 '*+'4. (a) C+@5 *6

"hathru-chash#a +; *6 A4* *6 *6 ;+6 :4 +'* +' 5+"4* > d+''44'> o =d6' * +4, '4


65/393

DEATH 4<

*6 +: *+ 2 43@2+=>= +; *6 4**+' +; @@+= 544+'4.D*6 5 +; +: ' *6

2+3 @564K *6* . "f. D'*"4 ;+==+': ='4F+ *6* ;== 24* 6+4 45* *6+< =4* +",L* '+ @' +' 544 =+': 6 3.. . . . .M'3 *6 >*+''>* *6 +; *6 sagdid *6 *6 43@2+=> +;*6 *+ +:4 *6 C'4 @?+ ' *6 C'4 @'+ ' *6 O+' **6 C6' 2:, 6>6 4 *6 M=3 W3.&

T6 sagdid 4 5;+@ *> +54 4 ' *66++4 ' 2 ' *6 Vendidad . A 4*


66/393


5* 2 a6@b. W *6 ;+==+': '*6 Vendidad (879, 8%) 2+4 *6 5* 534 '5 *6 ; 24*6 >4 +; ' ';>*++54 2)c/ A64./ (V. 8], 7.)

Time /or the remova5 o/ the 2o(y to the to?er.

T6 >+54 @3 2 @+ *+ *6 T+ (6@) * '3 *@ =3 * ':6*, *6 2+34 @+ *6 '* @+'': 2 =* * ':6* + =3' *6 @+'':, * 4 @+ ' *6 ;*'++'. I' *6 >4 +; '>>'*= *6, =+': '*= 4 :'==3 ==+. T6 Vendidad(7) 434, *6* ' 46 >4, *6 >+@5+4*+' +4 '+*>+@@'> 4 =3 4 ' *6 >4 +; 2+3 *6* 4 44 + *6':4, 6*65634>=, @'*=, + @+=.


67/393

DEATH 6*

*6 T+ (6@), *+ + ;++5424, >=+*6 ' 5;>* 6*, '* *6

6+ >+ + *>6': ';>*+' *6++ 5*, 46+46 +; ' ';>*+3 ' +' 2, >== gek+n,! *+@+ *6 2+3. W++ 2': 5++*+', *4 *=3 5+62* '*6 ;4 @ ';'* *6* >+ 23 4':= 54+'. N+2+346+3 *6 =+'/ (V. !1). I; *6 2+3 4 63, * @ 23 ;++@5'3 +; +'=3 +' 54+'. A;* 46': *, *6 @3 *6 2+3 +' *6 /h+ndh, .., 46+>, +' ' *6 4@ 54+'4 5;+@ 2+*6 *6 +4. I' 4@== *+'4 6*6 P4 5+5+544 45+4 +; 23 *6 =*+'4 ' ;'4 +; *6 >4. I'B+@23, * 2': *6 6d


68/393

6+ SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES AND C!STOS

The re-ita5 o/ the B3.

T6 >+5424, +' '*': *6 6+ *6 2 23 T6

>*= +; *6 *6 4 +; *6 >+54 ' *6' * *6 Ba3.1 C T63 *6'>* ;+@6 434

(W + *64) >>+': *+ *6 >**4 +; A6>+': *+ *6 >**4 +; *6 A@46 S5'*4,>>+': *+ *6 >**4 +; *6 6+=3 S+46, >>+':*+ *6 >**4 +; A2 M645'',& '>>+': *+ *6 >**4 +; *6 D4**= +; *64 ;+@+54. I; *63 6 * ' '3 +>>4+' *+ 45, *63 45 *6 ' +; 4*=+; *6 G*6. I*4 >*= 4 '*' 4 4@+' ' 6+**+' *+

: @+= >+*+' ;+@ *6 *+ *6 =':c" T6' A6* *6+4 +4 6>6 45+' *> ' *6 G*64." /T6 +4 ; *+ ' *64 d@+'3, *+ 54*4 5;+@ *6 Padya'- /usti , ', ;* >*': *6 534 ;+ *6 5*>* *6 S+462? 53 6 ;+@4 5* +; *6 S+46B? (D@4**, Le Zend Avesta II, 55. ]8]88). W6' *6 5*>+''>*+' *6*6 45+4= +; *6 2+3 4 ;'46, *6 2? 4 =4+ *6' ;'46, .. *6@'': 5* +; *6 S+462? 4 >*. T64 2? 4 =4+ *' 23 *6 54* * *6*@ +; 2*6': ' ' *6 246'+@ >@+'3.

& H 4 =='+' D4** 5* ' *6 '44'> +; *6 0++4*' =:+' ;* *6 =+': 5+ +;:'+'> ' *6 *@4 +; *6 P*6'4.

! H *63 >* *6 '@ +; *6 H54*, ; *6 2 +', +; *6 *@ * *6*+'.


69/393

DEATH 6

>6@2 6 *6 2+3 4 5=>, ' 4*'': * *6 ++ +'4 *6 ++ * 4+@ 4*'> ;+@ *6 2+3, ' 6+=':

$ayand 1

2*' *6@, 56 **4 +; A66= 4 4@+'3 4 '?+' *+ 2 5;+@ 23 *+ 54 +; 54*4.T6 sagdid , 2+ ; *+, 4 =4+ 23 *+ +:4, +' ;+ a]]b *6 +@' ' *6 +*6 ;+ *6 >6=. A:' *6 2+3 =4+ 4 *+ 2 >+*= ' *6 2+3 4 @+ *+ *6T+ a6@b, *6 4* +; *6 53 2': >* +' *6 3 *+ *6 T+. (Vide@3 55 +' T6 G64' R>*= 4 '?+' ' 4 >* 2+, ' 4, 23 *+ 54+'4, *64 *+ 54+'4 @


70/393


Remova5 /rom the hou'e.

W6' == 6 6 *6 =4* =++ ' 5 *6 45>*4, *6

>+5424 >+ +; >=+*6 *6 ;> +; *6 >4 6>6 4 3 *6 2 +3 *6 2 +; *6 >+54 +' *646+.B;+ =;*': 4 =4+ * *6 2?/ '

': *6@4=4 ' 54 +; *+ 6+=': *6 $ayand 2*'*6@.

%ome1 or -o?' uri&e a' a 0uri/ier or (i'i&/e-ta&t.

I@@*=3 ;* *6 @+= +; *6 2+3 ;+@ *6 6+6 *6 2+3 4 5=> ' + *6 3 23 6>6 a]7b *6 >+54 24 > *6 2+3 +*= +; nirang,.., 53 ;+@+'*>* *6 *6 >+@5+4': @**4 +; @'' '@=4. S6 *6':4 ;4* 4 *+ 2 5+"4 =4 +;;+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 >+@5+4': 2+3 >+'@' =*+:*6. B': 5++


71/393

DEATH 66

The Fu&era5 Pro-e''io&.

W6' *6 2 =4 *6 6+4, ==

*6 @= =*+'4 ' ;'4 +; *6 ;@=3 *6* 6 44@2= * *66+4, + * *@4 +'=3 *6 =4, ;+==+ *6 2 ;+4+@ a]8b 4*'> ;+@ *6 6+ +;, * =4*, *6*3 5>4. T6 4* +; *6 44@2=3 '+454. B;+ '*': '*+ *6 6+4 +; 244+' *+ *6 T+ >=+*6 ' ;6 *+ *6T+. T6 5+>44+' 4 6 23 *+ 54*4. O' *64 5+'* ' *6 Vendidad (81, 19&1) O H+=3 C*+ +; *6 @*= +=rH+ +4 *6 + + 6>6 @' 4 > 2>+@ 5442=;+ >**=, *>.c/ ... (R5=3) F4*, *6 A*6' (.., *6 54*) 46+*': *6 >*++64 *6 T+, * ;4* * 4 5 +; *6 2+3. T6+4 6+6 >>+@5' *6 ;*4 ' 6 =4* =++ ;+@ 4*'> +; * =4* *6 5>4. T6' sagdid 4 +'>@+ 5;+@ ' *6* ;+ *6 =4* *@. I' *6 @'*@, *6 :*+; *6 T+ 6>6 4 5* =+> *6 @*==> =+> 4 +5'. T6N444=4 6+ 6 ;*>6 *6 >+54 ++54,

'+ 46: +; *6 2+3. T63 =;* =+*64 ;+@ *6 2+3 +; *644 ' = * (*6 2+3) +' *6 ;=++ +; *6 T+. W +'*64 5+'* ' *6 Vendidad (81%) T+ 5+; 6@ ' *6+5*4 +; *6 A4* ' +' 4@= >>+': *+ D. H


72/393


5*=3 +; ;+@5+4*+' ' *6:* *6 4'*3 :++ ' 4;*3. T6 >=+*64 @+ ;+@ *6>+54 ' *+' +; 6*, , ' '. I' B+@23 *63 ;=55': +; 6'4 23 4'*, *+ == *6+4 6+ 6 >>+@5' *6 ;* +'=3 5*.T63 '+ = +;; *6 $ayand ' >* 46+* 53 6>6 434W 5'* +; == ++"4 @+'4. B44+' ' *+ 43 *6 534* *6 T+4. A== +; *6@ 5 ;+ *6 4>4. T64 2': +',== *5*+' +; *6 T+ +; S='> 1 == '+* 2 +

1 T6 P4 + ;+ T+ +; S='> 4 dakh#a, 6>6 4 , 4 +;*' *+' *6 *6 +T+.


73/393

DEATH 6:

6. T6 T+ +; S='> 6' *6 2+4 5+4 *+ *64/(V. ]). O' 46 ' =* 5=>, ' 4+=* 45+*, 3 ;+@66+4' ;+ *6 T+. I*4 >+'4**+' == =+': 4 ?* 4,'+ '?>>, 4 '*=3 5 *6 =: 4*+' 4=24 ==>@'*, ' '*+ *6 +4 +; 46==+ +5' a71b>5*>=4, >+45+'': *6 *6 *6 @+= 5>5*4 +; *60++4*' R=:+' :++ 4,/ :++ +4,/ :++*6++' + ;+ >+544 +; ;@=4.

T6 + ;+ >+544 +; >6='.

T6 >=+*64 55 + ' *6 T+ N >+@ '*+ *64 += ' ' ++5424 *+ @+ 2+'*= == ('hand+r) ' *6 T+, 2+ (*6 44 ' 2+**+@ +; 6>6 =4+ 5 *6 4*+' 4=24) 4 +54 4 >+@5=*=3 4*55 +; *4 ;=46 23


74/393


== +; d '*+ ;+* *6 ;++ *6 *6> =3 +; 4'. P>4 +; >6>+= ' 4'4*+' =4+5=> * *6 ' +; >6 ', 6>6 ' ;+@ *@ *+*@. T64 +*>+'> *6 *6 =:+*+'4 *6 P44 2+'4**': *6@ +; *6 64* ' *6 24* @*=4, *6 *6* *63 @3 =4* ;+ >'*4 54+', 6*6 >6 + 5++, 6:6 + =+ ' ', 6 64 =34 =': ;+' ' +' 2 23 +;;>= >+5424 ' 4 ;+==+ '5+>44+' 23 *6 @+ :;.

I' *6 >+@5+ ;+@ *, *6 4 4@== 2+'4**+' +; T+ 4 >>+@5' 23 =:+


75/393

DEATH 6<

>@+'41 6>6 5;+@ * ;;'* *@4 @+'3 +; =3': *6 ;++'4>*+'>@+'3 ;* 6>6 *6 T+ 4 = +5' ;+ 5 2 * :* =':*6 *6 ;@+'4, *+**' *+ *6 4'*3 :++ +; *6 4= >+5424, 4==+ *+ *+6 *6 2+3 + *+ >+@ '*+ '3 >+'*>* *6 *. I;4+@2+3 >>'*==3 + * *6 *6 2+3, 2., +; *6 , *63 46+* '4*+3 (V. 71!). I; '+* ;=, *63 @3 2 544 +; >='': ' 46': @+'*>* *6 2+3, d>+': *+ *645>;> :*3 +; *6 @*= +; 6>6 *63 @. I; *6 *+' >@+'4.


76/393


>'*==3 2+3 655'4 *+ >+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 4*+4 +;:' (V. 7!&!) + +; '': * (V. ]&]1), * 4 '?+' *+?>* ' >+'@' >*' d+''>*+' *6 *6 ;+'*@'*+' ' ';>*+', ' *6 +; +24': 4@5=>*3 'd4 **' *+ ' *66++54. T63 =4+ 5+'* *+ *6 4@'.

A /e? o2'ervatio&' atte&(e( to i& the hou'e. Fire 9e0t 2ur&i&,.

A;* *6 @+= +; *6 2+3 *+ *6 T+ a6@b, == *6@@24 +; *6 ;@=3 d'4 2 2;+ @+=, 4:'==3 4* 5* ' '+* +@5+4*+' ' >+'*@'*+' :'==3 @+ 5.(V. &).

$am0 a&( /5o?er'.

N *6 45+* 6 *6 2+3 4 5=>, =@5 4 5* 26@2 4 46 *6+


77/393

DEATH 8*

*4 ;++ >6;=3 >+'44*': +; :*2= ' ;46 6>6 4 >== $arh9%91 .., 24*''>. N+* +'=3 + *6 ;@=3, 2. T6 '4* =*+'4 +; *6 ;@=3 55 *6;++ ;+ *6 2 ;@=3 ' 4' * + *+ *6 5=>.

O' *6 > > (dron) *6' ' *4 >'*3

264, ;5**4 +; *64 += ;+ *6 34.! I' *64 4** * 44 2;+ *4=; 5>**6 4@2+ ' 3 '+2= ==:+3 ' *6 Vendidad .... C+'4>'>, ' ;>*, >>+':

*+ *6 ;' ==:+3, 554 *+ *6 4+4 @' ' >+'*4 * *+ *45=>./ (!he rigin and Reigious "ontents of the Psater 23 R. D. C63'(1891), 55. !9899. T6 B@5*+' L>*


78/393

8+ SOCIO#RE$I%IO!S CEREONIES AND C!STOS

W ' *6 6adokht Nask 0*6*4 +;

*64 += ;+ *6 ':6*4, @@2': == *6 >'44 +; *4 54*=; ' ;=': * =+44 6 *+ :+. I* >=@+5= 5>5*4 +; *6 MK34''=:+' 6 *6 4+ ' 6ukhta (:++ +4). T6 *64*5 6>6 *6 4+ ' 6varshta(:++ 4)./ (Y46* F:@'*, &&1 H+6* N4 &!, 0'id , 5.!1).

Srao'ha a' the 0rote-ti&, a&,e5.

N+ ;+ *6 *6 34 ' ':6*4 *6* 4+'>*4 +; *64 +=, * 4


79/393

DEATH 8

a78b :6 4@*=, ' *6* 6>6 4 45**+ +; *6 4+6 4 53 ;+ *6 /hshnu#an +; (=*., ;+ *6 5=4* 23 P4 * ':6* 2;+ :+': *+ 2, *+ 53 *6* 64 4+*+' +; S+46 ;+ *6 34 ;**6, 6' * 4 4*== *6' *6 5>'>*4 +; *64 +=, *6 =:+@+'4 ;+ *6 4++'4*'*=3 5;+@4 >@+'= * 3 5+ (gah) ' *6 *6 34, * 4 4 :++ 4*6+2 *64 >@+'4 5;+@ ;+ *6 ;4* *634 ' 6+'++@@'>@'* +; 3 gah, *+ + @+ 54*4 ' *6=*4 +; *6 >4 43 *6 S+462? ' *6 534 +; *65*>+@@'>@'* +; *6

Aiisruthre# :ah, *+ 54*4 5;+@ *6 A;':' a79b >@+'3' 6+'+ *3 2*' *6@. T6 4'+ 54*, 6+ 64 *6*3 2;+ 6@, 4 >== Zaoti1 (;+@ Zu, *+ 5;+@ >@+'3), +5;+@ +; >@+'4. T6 +*6, 6+ 64 4 +; ; 2;+ 6@,4 >== *6 Atravakhshi , + *6 ;54*. T6 @*==> *3 >+'*'4 5+* +; 56 4 53 ' *6 PK' =':


80/393


'+4 *6 5+*>*+' +; *6 ':= S+46 * *+:*6 *6 4'*6 /ardah (A. /ereta) + 4>*+' +; *6 S+46 Y46*, (7118), 6>6 4':4 *654 +; *6 ':= ;+ *6 5+*>*+' * ;;+4.

The /ir't three (ay' -eremo&ie' at the Fire#tem05e.

B44 *64 534 ' >@+'4, 6>6 5;+@ ;+*6 34 ' ':6*4 * *6 6+4, *6 Y4' 534,' 4+@*@4 *6 Vendidad *6 *6 646'44 @+'':4 '':6*4. T64 Y4' 534 ' *6 B? >@+'4 *6 *6646'64 >== *6 U*6@'< (otha#n+D. T6 ;'4 ' =*4 +; *6>4 ' ; 54*4 @* *+:*6 ' ' 44@2=3. T65*>*, 6' *6 '@ +; *6 >4 4 ''+*+' +; S+46 4 @5=+ ;+ 6@. T64 4 ' +>>4+' ;+ *6''+6*4. T64 >@+'3 ' *64 44@2=3 3@5+*'*, 2>+@@@+* 64'@. T6 P4 >+@@4 +; * *64;+@@@+*': *6 '@ +; >4 54+' ; 6 2 :* 5 2';>*+. A* *6 >+'>=@+'3 +' *6 *6 3, *6 6 54*:'==3, + ' 64 24'> ' ak+'ar,/ .., = +; *6>+@@4 5 2';>*+, 6+4 2';>*+' + :++ 4 6 '+@@@+* 23 *6>+@@+' 23 4+@2+3, + 3 +;*' * 4 ? 2;+ *6 44@2=3 *6+ 4 *' 4 >+'4'*, '

1 S5:= /hordeh Avesta (B=>"4 T'4=*+'). V+=. III, 5. 17&.


81/393

DEATH 86

*6'>;+*6 *6 '@ +; *6 >4 4 >* ' 64 4+4 5

2';>*+ 64 +' 2'+='* >*4 ;+ *6 :++ +; *6 6+= P4>+@@+@@*, *6 '?+@' +; *6* *+' + 4*>* =+' 2:'4 *+ '+ 64 '@ ' *6 =:+@+'4. F+ @5=,*6 '@ +; S J@4*? J?26+3, *6 ;4* P4 B+'*, 6+a81b +4 ;+@ 3 5++ >>+=:+'4*4 2*+'4 +; *6 @ >+@@+@@+'*'4 =+': =4* +; *6 5* +*64 +; += I' 6+ 6, 2;+ *6 *@ 6' *6 Y46* 4 **', +' 4+@ 2'+='* >*4 ;+ *6 :++ +; *6 MK34''>+@@


82/393


B6'1 J@46 B6' R+'4 *+ 2 *6 :*4*6+'+443 *6* 4+' 46+ *+ *6 434*@ +; +5*+' ' *6 A4* 2++4. I* 4 *6P6= +4 *6* ; *+ *. B; 2>+'4 2=44': ;+@ 4= 5+'*4 +; . H4 :++ a8!b >*+'4 5>* *+ 46 =4 2=+':4 *+ *6 54*=3 >=44, ' 64 :+' *6+@+'3 +; ', 6 4 45+' +; 4 E,/ 6>6 4 '+*6 ;+@ +;H2, 6>6 *4=; 4 *6 =* ;+@ +; A4* Aethra-$aiti . I; *6 >4 2=+':4 *+ *6 54*=3 >=44, 2* ;+@ +; A4*Hk46*./ I; 6 4 6 54*, 6 4 45+' +; 4 D4*4 4 ;@= +; *6 54*=3 >=44, 46 4 45+' +; 4 O4*./

& T6 4>+' '@ 4 *6 '@ +; *6 ;*6. I; *6 >4 4 +5*, 64+5* ;*6"4 '@ 4 @'*+' '4* +; 64 +' ;*6"4. I' *6 >4 +;;@=4, *6 '@ +; 6 ;*6 4 @'*+' *6 64, ; 46 4 +' @:, *6 '@ +; *6;4* 6* ' I', @'*+' *6 '@ +; 6 ;*6.

! S.B.E., V+=. V., 5. !.


83/393

DEATH 8:

+5* +'.

The 0a''a,e o/ the 'ou5 to the other ?or5( o& the /ourth (ay.T6 ' ;* *6 *6 ':6* ;* *6 4 >+'4 :*

' 4+=@' +>>4+'. A4 4 2+, *6 4+*4 +; *64 += ;+ *6 34. O' *6 ' ;**6 *6 ':6*, * :+4 *+ *6 +*6 +=. T6 4+== C6'.1 W ' *6 Vendidad T6 4+=, 6 4 >4* +' '*+ 6==.

Ceremo&ie' at the (a?& o/ the /ourth (ay.

T6>4+' 6' *6 4+6= +; *6 C64*'4 ' M*6 +; *6 0++4*'4. AC+@54+'./ (J+= S+>*3 +; B+@23, V+=. VI, 55. &!7. M3 Anthro$oogica Pa$ers P* I, 55. 17!9%). F+ 4@= '+*+' @+': *6'>'* E:35*'4, Vide @3 55 +' T6 B=; 2+


84/393


*6 >4. T6 >@+'4 5;+@ ' *6 UK' :6 +' *65+@+'4 +; *6 ' ;* *6 *6 ':6* ' +; 4+'4>* *64> >4 (dron), +' ;+ R46'< ' A4*, *6 4>+' ;+ V,*6 :++, ' *6 *6 ;+ *6 :6*+ > +; *6

:6*+


85/393

DEATH 8<

A>>+': *+ *6 0++4*' 2=;, *6 =*+' 2*' 5+4 ' 64 4=+*6': *+ *6 5++ +; *6 >+@@4+'4 +' 6>6 *6 4* 23 *6 *6+


86/393

PART II. P!RIFICATORY CEREONIES1 RITES1 AND C!STOS

CHAPTER IV. The 0a(ya2 a&( the &ah&.

I&tro(u-tory.

R. W. F. B== +' *6 +4 C=' ' U'>=',/*6='",q44 +;=:+'4 =+5@'* 45* 4 6+==3 >@+'=

*6 >+'>5*+'4 *63 54'* * 2> *+ 3 =3 4*: +;=:+*>, 4+ =3 ' *6* * @3 2 >== 5=:+6 ' 6>6 45== ' @:> 5+@'*, ' *6* * 6>6:@4 +; +*. I' >+'45>* +; q*2++." A'*6+5+=+:3 64 3* *+ 43 *6=4* + 2+6>*4*>4 >' 2 ;;'*=34= 56 ' :>64>6'


87/393

PADYAB AND NAHN :*

53 6* 64 ' *6 4=:6*4* : '3*6':@5+'d+''>*+' ' 5* *6 *6 ;>*, *6* *6 @544 *6 > *+ *6* ;>*. T6 I''46 ' >*' @4+': *+ *6 , *6 +:' ' '44, ' +24>4, >>+': *+ *6 >+'>5*+'4, *6 = 45*4==, ' 6' *63 =* 46 4+*4 *+ 55+>6 ' *+ *6@, *63*623 +;; *+ *6 = 45*4 @44+' '*+, ' +@'*+' +,*6@4=4./ T64 5='4 *6 +:' +; 4+@ 5*+3 *4' >@+'4, 6>6 >''+* 4=3, ;+@ *6 4, 2 >+''>* *6 5634>= 5'* I''4, :++ = +; @5+*'> 4**>6, *+ 6* @3 *@, *6 P*+' +; *6 2+3. T64+' 4, *6* * 4 2= ' * 4 3 4+'2= 2=; *6* *6 5634>= 5


88/393

:+ P!RIFACTORY CEREONIES AND C!STOS

434 S+ :* 4 *6 ;;>* +; >='='44 * ='4': +; *6 4' +; *6 4+, *6* ' *6 0++4*' =:+' q>='='44 4 ;+@ *4=;+; :+='44." /! S6 2': *6 >4, * 4 '+ +', *6* ' *6 A4*, ' @+': *6 ;+==+4 +; *6 0++4*' =:+', :++= +; @5+*'> 4 **>6 *+ H=*6 =4 ' *+ *6 5*+'+; *6 2+3 4 4*5 *+4 *6 54*+' +; 6=*6. A4 =:+'5+;=.

A 'ort o/ Padyab or 0uri/i-atio&1 -ommo& i& a55 &atio&'.

A >@+'= Padya' + 2=*4 ' =@+4* ==:4 ' 23 =@+4* == '*+'4. I* 4 @ 44'*=, 2+*6 ;+@ *66=*6 5+'* +; ' ;+@ 43@2+=> 5+'* +; . M+44'?+' 46 2='* G4 ' R+@'4 6 *[email protected] @+' M6+@'4 ' H'


89/393

PADYAB AND NAHN :

6 *6@ 43@2+=>==3 ' *6 25*4@= *4. T6 4> *5=> * *6 ++4 +; C64*' >664, ' 6>6 5+5= 5 *6

6'4 2;+ '*':, 4 ' +; [91] Ad+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 @5+@ '*+ >+'*>*, *63 @4 *6* *63 @3 6>+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 4+@ @5*" 5+'*+; * 4 2** *6* *63 46 + >=' + 5+'=3, 4 @' >4 4+@ 43@5*6*> ;+@ *6 5+'*>* *6 2+4. W == ;4* 4>2 *6P32.

V+=. I^. 55. &17&).


90/393

:4 P!RIFACTORY CEREONIES AND C!STOS

I. Pa(ya21 the /ir't /orm o/ 0uri/i-atio&.

What i' the Pa(ya2JT6 532 4 *6 4@5=4* ;+@ +; 5*+' + 2=44 +; *6 532T6 *6 5*4 +; *6 5+>44, 6>6 == *+:*6 '+' 4 $adya'-kusti . T6 >'*= + *6 4>+' 5* 4 *6 532 5+5, 6>6 4 5> ' ;+==+ 23 53, (a) T6 ;4* 5* +; *6

5+>44 + *6 >@+'3 4 *+ >* 46+* ;+@' *6 +*6 5*4 +; *6 2+3, (>) T6' 6 ;'464 *6 5+>44 235;+@': 64 ==4 +; '**= +; *6 A46@ 6>6 4 +*6 *6+=='>/c

Re$y. A66 @' >*4, 4*'': ': =

1 T64 46+* '+>*+3 ;+@* 23 P4 * *6 >+@@'>@'* +; == 644*4 +; 534. I* 4:';4 *6* 6


91/393

PADYAB AND NAHN :6

*6++"4 *': *4 nirang + 46+* ;+@='='44. I* 4 ' +>>4+' 6'

*6 4 3 ==6++ +; 4+@ :@4 +; @5': *+ *6* *6 +*64. H >''+* * +' *6+ 6 6 >''+* +2*' *, ;+ @5=, 6= ?+>4+'4 = 4+=@' ;4*4,' *+' *+ *6 532 46 *6 :6* 6'4 :' 2;+*+6': *6 ;++. A* *@4, 4'*, *6 5+* +; * ' +'6' ' 24' ' *6 +*6, 5444 2;+ ==, 5+., 23 H


92/393

:8 P!RIFACTORY CEREONIES AND C!STOS

4. Pa(ya2 2e/ore Prayer'.

W 4 2+, *6* *6 *+ 5+'*4 +; ;+@ 6>6

5*+' 4 '?+' @+': *6 P44. T6 ;4* 5+'* +; 4 *6* +; H=*6 ' C='='44, ' *6 4>+' *6* +; 5634>=5='='44 ;=>*': >4+'4, *6 532 4 5;+@ ;+@ *6 ;4* 5+'* +; , vi%.,H=*6 + C='='44. O' *64 =4* +>>4+', .., +' *6 +>>4+' +;534, * 4 :'==3 5;+@ *6 *6 4>+' 5+'* +; , vi%.,*6* [95] 5634>= 544 *+ 5+@@'>@'* @'4 6@ +; *6* @'*= 5*+'.1

II. Nah&1 the 'e-o&( /orm o/ 0uri/i-atio&.

The &ah&K ea&i&, o/ the ?or(.

N6' 4 6:6 ;+@ +; 5*+'. T6 532 4 =3 ;+@ +;P*+'. T6 '6' 4 :+' *6+>4+'4, '*6', *6 6=5 +; 54* 4 '>443. T6 + n+hn 4 >+'*>*+' +; + sn+n 6>6, *6+, == >== *645+>44 43@2+=> >+@@*= +; *6 5** + 53+; 5'*'>. () T6 ;'= 2*6. T6 23 *6 5=@'3 5+>444. W == 45 +;*6@ ' *6 +. [96]

*. The 0re5imi&ary 0a(ya2#9u'ti.

A* ;4*, *6 54+' 6+ 64 *+ :+ *6+@+'3

H' * +' '*': 64 >66 4 => +; *6 4@ >


93/393

PADYAB AND NAHN ::

5;+@4 *6 532*4 + @4 *654+' 544 *6+@+'3, 64 =4+ 5;+@ *6 532

@+'3 4@ *+ 4* +' 4*++= :'==3 @ +; 4*+'. W++ 4 :'==3+ ' *64 6:6 ;+@4 +; 5*+', 2> *6.(a) N':', .., *6 >+'4>* go#e% + >+"4 = 4*+3 +; 6>6 4 >+@5 *6 *6 +


94/393

:; P!RIFACTORY CEREONIES AND C!STOS

= *4 5=== ' *6 D@* + D@*/ (.. *6 @+*6) +;4= '>'* '*+'4, 6>6 + *35; T6 +@2 +; N*/ : ;+*6 '+'*'4, *6' *6 +; *4 4@== 4K, 6*4, >'6=+ *+ ' 2*6 >@+'3. W6' 6=, *4 4:';>*+' @'4 +' +; *6 +4 6=) @3 4+ 544 *6 4 +; *64*+'* 4 4 *+ ' ;+@ @*==> >* +'4>* 6 +; *6 'hasa#& + *6>+'4>* 46 +; *6 FT@5=. B;+ '': *, 6 4 @ *+>= 63 6 '4 *6*. H 434 ' B?, .., ' 4* *6* *6 ; +54 +; *6'': ==3, *6* *6 ' = 56 >*= '4 +5 + *+ +; *6 '':'. T64;'464 6* +' @3 >==, *6 43@2+=> >+@@+@5=*4 + ;'464 *6 B?, .., >*4 *6 534 6>6;+==+ @=. H': ;'46 *, 6 5;+@4 *6 kusti .

. The re-ita5 o/ the 0atet or the re0e&ta&-e 0rayer.

T6' *6 >'* 434 64 5** + *6 5'*'> 53. A4 664 *+ :+ *6++';44 2;+ G+ 64 4'4 ' *+ 5'* ;+ *6@. H 5==3 +; *4 @5


95/393

PADYAB AND NAHN :<

5'* ;+ == 64 4'4. T6 + 5** 4 *6 >+'*>* ;+@ +; A4*5**,/ =*==3 @'': :+': 2>/ (;+@ 5*, S'4*, 5*,

L*., re, q2>" ' q," L*. i-re, *+ :+). S+ *6 + $atet @'4 q:+': 2>" + q>': ;+@ *6 *'4:44+' +; *6 L." I* >+45+'4*+ *6 H2 + t5shu'ah 6>6 =4+ @'4 q* *6 '' '+*4), *6;+==+': *>=4 2= *+ 6 5+'4>* =**= 4'. T6* =4+ 4 + *6 2+3. T6' =4*=3 6 :4 6@ *6> =**=>+'4>* * >== Fv (.. *6 *). T6* =4+ 4 . A ; +54 +; *6 >+'4>* * 4 :'==3

45'= + *6 ' 4=+*64 6>6 *6 >'* 64 *+ 54 +; ;@=>'*4, *6 54* =4 ' *6 2*6++@ *6 2+ *6 *6':4 2;+6' ' :4 '4**+'4 *+ *6 >'* 6+ *+ 55=3 *6@*+ *6 2+3 2;+ *6 2*6.

A;* *6 55=>*+' +; *64 >+'4>* 56 *4=; 4 >+'4>*. A ; +54 +;*6 * >+'4>* ' *6 '':' >@+'3, 6' *+ 5+* ;+'4>* *6 6+= *. H': ;'46 64 2*6

' 6': 55,5=>': 6 6 6>+@@'> 2;+ *6 2*6. T6' 6 5443 ;+@


96/393

;7 P!RIFACTORY CEREONIES AND C!STOS

+; *6 4> 2*6 +; 5*+'. [100]

The o--a'io&' o& ?hi-h the &ah& -eremo&y i' ,o&e throu,h.T6 ;+==+': *6 +>>4+'4 +' 6>6 P4 :+4 *6+ 2*6. (1) T6 '?+* + *6 '4**46* a44+'4, *6 ;++'>'. T6 ;4* *+

+>>4+'4, 2': *6 +>>4+'4 +; *6 *+ @+4* @5+*'* '*4 ' *6=; +; P4, 3 @5+*'*, ' 4+ == :+ *6+ 2*6. T6 4> 2*6 * *6 '?+* +; >6= 4'45'42=. T6 +'=3 ;;'> ' *4 >4 4, *6*, 4 *6 >6= 64'+ 4> 46* ' *6 a4*': *6'*+*+3 ;+@ ' *6 +*6 =2*+' +; *6@: *4=;. T64 P4 >>4+' +; *6 @: @'4 2*6 @+': *6'>'* G4. A@+': *6@, @+': *6 >@+'4 2': =:+6>* 6>6 5> *6 ':, ' @5+*'* 5* 4 5=3 23 *6 2*6. B+*6 2 ' 2:++@ *++ 2*6 *6 ' *6

@+'': +; *6 ': 3 + *6 3 2;+, ;+ 6>6 *6 * 4 2+


97/393

PADYAB AND NAHN ;*

. The o--a'io& o/ A--ou-heme&t.

T6 +@' * *6 ' +; *6 5+ +; %1 34 +; *6

>>+6@'*, :+ *6+@+'= :*6':4. N+* +'=3 + *6+4 6+ 6 2' ' >6= 2*6, 2+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 *6@, =4+ :+*6+'* G4& 'H24, ' *6 =3 C64*'4! 6 46 5*+'4.

4. O--a'io& o/ the Fra?ar(i,a& Ho5i(ay'.

T6 *' 34 +; *6 F:' H+=34 ;== * *6 ' +; *6 +;

*6 0++4*' 3. O' '3 +' +; *64 34, ' 45>==3 +' '3+' +; *6 =4* ; 34, P4 '* *6+@+'3 +;5*+' U5 *+ ; 34 :+, *64 6+=34 :'==3 *6+>>4+'4 ;+ *64 >@+'3 +; 5*+' 2. V3 ;5>*> * ' B+@23, 24+'4 @' '* R+@'4.a1%&b

1 T6 H'+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 6, '* *6++' 4+',5. 87.


98/393

CHAPTER V. The Bara'h&om a&( the Rima&.

III. Bara'h&om1 the thir( /orm o/ 0uri/i-atio&.

T6 4* +; *6 246'+@ 4 3 =: ' '*>*. I*44>5*+' 4 =**= ' *6 ;;'* 5*4 +; *6 Vendidad .

I == ** *6 4* +; *6 246'+@ *. &. A 4>5*+' +; *6 246'+@, 4 :' ' *6Vendidad . !. B46'+@:6, + *6 5=> +; *6 246'+@. T6'>'* 246'+@:6 ' *6 @+' 246'+@:6. . T65+>44 +; :': *6 246'+@. W == ** *64 *6 5* *c W6* 4 *4 @+' *''>3c

B46'+@ 4 *6 6:64* ;+@ +; 5*+'. I* ;;4 ;+@ *6;4* *+ ;+@4 ' 4= 45>*4 (a) W6= *6 532 4 + +;+' + *+ @'* 2+*6 +; 5*+' '4::*+', =4* '' 34. S+, * 4, * *@4, ; *+ ' P4 2++4 4 *6 Barashno#-i-Noh Sha', .., *6 246'+@ +; ''':6*4, (') W6= *6 532 d 4>== 246'+@:6, .., *6 5=> +; *6 246'+@. W ==4>2 *64 5=> =* +'.

T64 ;+@ +; 5*+' 64 *' *4 '@ ;+@ *6 +'areshnu 6>6 @'4, q*+5, 6," ;+@ A. 'are% , S'4. q*+ 2 5@''*." I' *6 4>5*+' +; *6 5+>44 +; *6 5*> 2*6 :+' *6+


99/393

THE BARASHNO ;

The ori,i&a5 a&( the mo(er& o23e-t' o/ the 2ara'h&om0uri/i-atio&.

T6 +:'= +2?>* +; *6 246'+@, 4 ; *+ ' *6Vendidad , 4@4 *+ 2 *+ 5+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 +4 ;+@ +; @5*+=' 23 >+@': '*+ >=+4 >+'*>* *6 *6 +,*6+==4 '3 +*6 4+>+'*>*4,/ .., *654+'4 6+ 6 >+@ '*+ =+': >=+4 >+'*>* *6 46 , ==3 *+ 45 >+'*:+'. T63 , *6;+, d=44 +; 5+5=. S+, ;+ *6 4 +; > ;+@ == *6 ,

6*6 *63 +; ';>*+* *6 *6 , 6 *+ :+ *6+= :45 +; *6 5*+' 4+:'==3 '*', @6 :+'4 *6 >@+'4 +;*6 ;4* + 4 *6 ; +; >+'*:+', +, 4 *6 A4* 434, +; *6D


100/393


42= 5++; +; * 4 :' 23 *6 >+ :+4 +' '*6 2+3 ' 454 ';>*+' +' 2 44 +;' 5@> (1) *+ >+@@+'>5*+' 5= ' *6 + $ro$ret(>='='44) 46== 2 *6 @+4* >*, ; * 64 *' *6 @+= ;= 6>6 *6 0' 544+' 64, ' 6>6, ;+ @5=, *6 E':=46 + >='='44/ 64. T6 +@ qC='='44 4 '* *+ :+='44"46== =*+:*6 2 0++4*', *6 *64 ;;'>, *6* '0++4*'4@ qC='='44 4 ;+@ *4=; +; G+='44."

L;+54 4 ' @5* . . . B+54 ':'4 5..... T6 5*+' 64 ;+ *4 +2?>* *6 5+'>5*+' ;+@ *6 E5*+' 4 *64, *6* 2*++'*:+* +; *6 246'+@ 5*+' 4 4*==

;


101/393

THE BARASHNO ;6

43@2+= ;+ @'*= 5*+'. I* 4 4 ' +; 5*+', 2+*6 5634>= ' @'*=, 6>6 d@+'3 *6 5+;44+'= >+5424, 6+ :+*6++@ '*+ >+'*>* =3 *6 2+4 +; @', 4+@ +; 6+@ @36 +; ';>*+++54 *+ *6 T+4, *63 d+542 :': *6+* +; *6 5*+' 4 ; *+ ' *6Vendidad , * 4 '+* 43 *+ 443 ' >4 +; *6+4 6+ >+@ '*+ >* >+'*>* *6 *6 . I* @3 2 *6 q5+*>*" . I' *6 @** +; *65*+3 >@+'4 +; +@+'3/ 4 *6 5+*>**6+3. T64 @3 2 ' '4*'> +; *6 =**.

A4 *+ *6 54*4, *6 246'+@ 4 '>443, 2+*6 ;+ 54+' 6+ 464 *+ 2 '** ;+ *6 54*=3 5+;44+', ' ;+ ;* ', 6* @3 2 >==, *6'' >>= +; 6:6 >@+'4. I' *64 >44, *6 4 '+* *6+:' +; 5*+' ;+@ @5+'*>* *6 2+4, 2* 5+'* +; . A'+*6 4+',

6>6 @3 6, * ;4*, = *+ *6 >*+'4 +; 54* *+ 5+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 *6 @5+54. H 4, *6;+, =4+ '+' 4 ' 3+Kk*6:, .., 5* *6 *6 ,45>==3 *6 6+ +; ';>*+*+'' 4 *6+* *6' *6 '' >>= +; *6 F*@5= ' * 4+@ +; *66:6 ;+@4 +; *44 +; *@,*++ '+*6 ;+@. F+ @5=, 54* *4 246'+@, '


102/393


6= +': 4+, >=4 *6* 6 +4 4+ ;+ *6 tan $+k/ (5*+'+; *6 2+3) +; A, B, + C, 6+ @3 2 =': + , .., 6 :+4

*6+@+'3, 4+ *6* *6 5634>= + *6 45* 4 ' *6 9 *6 >65*

(ss 17),& 6 * 4 ** * 4+@ =':*6. T+ 6 >= :45,*64 >65* @65* (ss!7&). (c) T6 *6 ;'> 4 ' *6 19 *6 >65* (ss &%&).

T64 *6 ;'>4 4@ *+ ; *+ *6 ;;'* ;+@4 +;5+==+'*>* >* + '>* *6 >+544, 6>6, 6' :+': *6++@5+4*+', >'*4 +; 44 ' ';>*+'. O; >++'*>* *6 *6 >+544 +; *6

=*4 + ;'4 ;+ 4+@ *@ ;* *6. B* *6 *6 2+4, >*>6 4+@ :@4 +; 44 + ';>*+'' *'4; *6@ *+ +*64. I' >4 *63 ;= *+ +24 *6+4 >'* + ;+ 4+@ *': +*64 ' 45': *6 44.

T6 ;4* ;'> (V. 9) 4@4 *+ 2 ' >>+* *6 >+54 4+ *@,*6* * d;= @' *+ 2 *6 5+ +; '>+'*>*," .., 54+' 6+ 64 >+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 54+' 4


103/393

THE BARASHNO ;:

*6* *6 =4* >6'> ;+ *6 45 +; ';>*+' @3 2 +.

The /ir't re/ere&-e G+@ 5+==+@': '*+ >+'*>* *6 2+3,6 @ '4*=+4,@+ + *6 4' + 4+@ 46 ' +; 3': +4';>*': *6.

N+ ;+==+4 ' >>+ *+ *6 5*4. W6' *6>'* 64 '> *+ *6 ;4* 5*, *6 5'* *+ 5* *6@. E>6 5**+' +; *64 +4 4 4 *+ ' *6 ';=*+'. T6 5 ' 64 6' ' *+;4*' ' +' + =' >5*>= + 45++' * *4 '. H 4 *6' *+:*, * ;4*, *6 *+ 6'4 +; *6 >'* 46 *6> 23 @'4 +;go#e% + *6 >+'4>* 6 *6>'* 4 *+ >=' 64 6+= 2+3 @+@@'*+' *+ A@*, .., *+ *6 P


104/393

;; P!RIFACTORY CEREONIES AND C!STOS

>+@': +' *+ *6 ;*. B3 *64 5*+' ;+@ 6 *+ ;++*, *6= 5+ +; 5+==*+', 4 4 *+ * *6 Ahunar ' *6' *6 /e# na (a%da 534 *= +; *64 ;+@>+44 +; 5*+' ' *6 >*= +; 534 *+ 2 5* * >6 +; *6 ;4* 4 5*4, *+ >6 +; 6>6 *6 >'*

4 *+ '> 4*5 23 4*5, ' * >6 +; 6>6 *6 = 5+ +;5+=='* :*4 5 +; 2+*+' +; *6>+'4>* *+ *6 :6*6 5* ' 5 *6 *.T6' 6 4 *+ '> *+ *6 ''*6 5* ' *6 5 *6 *. T6' 64 2+3 4 *+ 2 ;=+*64 ' *+ * *+ 6+= >+'*>* *6 +*6 54+'4 H 4 *+ @' [111] =++; '

3 ;+@ ;, *, >*=3 5


105/393

THE BARASHNO ;<

*6 >'*. T6 565*, *6 >4 ;4 +'=3 *++' 6+ 64 >>'*==3 >+@ '*+ 4=:6* >+'*>* *6 (y+, nas+u#ava-'ereta) 2+3. S+, ' *64 4>+' >4, *6 5*+' 4'+* 4+ 4+@ 4 ' *6 ;4* >4, 2+*6, ' 5+'* +; =':*6 +; *@ '' *6 '4 4 4 ;+==+4 I; *6 ;=46 +; *6 2+3 64 2' ++54. S+, ' *64 >4,6 4 4@5=3 *+ 46 64 2+3 *6 :+@K ' *. A 4@5= 2*6 +;*64 ' 4 4'* *+ [112] 56'>4 +; 4 2': 4+@6* :*, *6 5+>44 +;5*+' 4 4 ;+==+4 T6 #agas, .., 5*4 @+'4* +; *6 5*4. H 4 *6' *+ * ;+ 4+@ *@ *== *6 @+4* *+ *6 4* +; *6 5*4. H4 *+ 5*=3 2 >== 246'+@, 2>


106/393

+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 2+3, 1 + ; 54+' 64 >+@ '*+>+'*>* *6 >+'*>*/& 6 4 *+ :+ *6+44 +; 5*+'.

N+ 5*4 @'*+' ' *64 5*+'. H 4 *+ 46 64 2+3 ;+* *. H 4 *+ >*&%% A46@ V+66': *@4, 6' * 4 ;++4 ' =* *@4, '*6 @** +; *6 246'+@. 045@, *6 6:6 54* +; S6 + ;6'>= @'': ' 0++4*' * +>+'4>* *6':4 + @*=4 *+ 2 5*, ;+ *6 *@ 2':, *6' =@* 45> + '>=+4*./

& I' *6 =':* *6 >+'*>*/ 4 '+' 4 ' >*,/ ' 6 =4+ 4 4 *+ = 64 6+


107/393

THE BARASHNO *': 54*4 @3 '+* >+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 *6@. T6 54+' '>6: +; *6 *6':4, 5=>': *6 *6':4 +' *6 :+>=, *'>6, + ;4, ', ' *==':, 6 64 *+5=> *64 *6':4 4 ;+ *@. T6', 6 5=>4 *6@ +' *6:+6 +>= 4+ ;+@, '>*4, *6* * 4 ; ;+@*6 >+'*>* +; +*6 >= + *+64 * ' ;+@ *6+>=, ' 6>6 >4 =4+ *6 =' +; 4+=*+' 4 2+' *6 *6': 4 4 *+6 =+4* *4 ;;>>3 +; >+'4>*+'. T64 karsha (+ kasha 4 * 4+'=3 45+' '+) + >>= +; =@*, 64 +>3. J==3 *6 5+== *6', 2 *4=; 4 +@5+4*+' ' 4 @5+'4>* *,' q'hasa#," .., *6 >+'4>* 46 +; *6 F*@5=. T6 54* 6+ *4 *64 *6, ;4* @4 >>= +' *6 :+4 *6 >+'4>**6':4 *6' *6 :+=+4. N+, ' *64 >4, *6 >>= 4 2= *+ 5+*>* *6 >+'4>* *6':4 ;+@ *6 5+==* *6':4 ;+@ 2': =+4*.(') T6' * *6 >4 +; *6 karshas += +; 5+==+'4 *+ 6 2' 5+==+>*=3, 4* *6 ' ';>*++';' *6' *6 =@*, 4+*6* * @3 '+* 45. T6 ;+542 4+


108/393

@+'4 5;+@, 46karshas '>443. S+, *6, *63 +; 5@''* '. T6,*6 4*+' 4=24, 6>6 ;+@ *6 5@'*, 6 ;6@2 +;*6 S> F =4+, *6 46 5@''* ;>3 +; *6 >+'4>* ; + *>=4' +; *6 4> >@+'4 *6' *6@.

A karsha +; *64 ' 4 :'==3 '+' 4 $+vi ./ Pav171 @'44>. S+ $avi @'4 ;6 544 *6 4>'44 +;*6 >+'4>* *6':4 + +; *6 4> >@+'4. W6' *6 ;;>>3+; *6 >+'4>* *6':4 4 '>+>6 6 *6 '>'*

F=@'4, *6 R+@' ;54*4, d6 4 46) *6 *. I' *6 =':='. T64 4 +' 23 46': *6 *6': ;+@ *6' ' *6+*+2 1918. T6 M>=*, *6* '*>6 ';>*+' ;+@ *6+ 5*'*4.


109/393

THE BARASHNO +54. H =4+ *6+2?>* 4@4 *+ 2 *+ 5'* *6 ;=@'* ;+@ *6 '+4 ' @++54 45': ++>*=3, Na6'>='@ +; '''+** 4*> (grao# nava-$ikhe#, V. 91). T6 ' *6 54 :'4* A6@' 6+=': ' '4*4 ' P4 4 ' 64 6'. T64 45654 ' ;'> *+ *6 2+ 544: +; *6 Vendidad . S+@*'4=*+4 +; *6 2+ 544: +; *6 Vendidad 45 +; *64'4*. A'+*6 '4* :'4* A6@', 4 A66 *6 5+56* ;:6*4 :'4* *6 E= S5*, ' *64*> 4 *6 @*= 43@2+= +; *. I' == =:+'4, 54*4 + 246+54 @ *+ 6+= 4+@ 5+'4, @+4*=3 *6 4+. T64 5+'4 43@2+=4 +; =:+


110/393

4 *6 [118]';>*+' 4>5 ;+@ *6 ';>* 54+' 6+ 4 >'* ;+

5*+', * @:6* '+* >6 *6 5, 6+ @3 *3 *+ 5*+' ' *6 Vendidad , I == '+ 45 +; *6 B46'+@:k6.T6 246'+@ 2': ;+@ +; 5*+' ;+ 54+' 6+ >@'*+ >=+4 >+'*>* *6 2+3 5654 *6 2+3 +; 54+' 6+ +; ' ';>*+3 ;+@ =:+4 6>6 ;d +; * =4* !% g+ya ;+@ =:+ 6=*= 4>4 5;+@. N+, >>+': *+ *6 '>'*P4 2++4, >6 g+ya, .., 4*5, 4 @ 6 r%u+ ;': 4 2+6.& S+ >6 a119b $+dha (;++*) >+@4 *+2+6 g+ya (4*5) >+@4 *+ 2+


111/393

THE BARASHNO 4 *6 4*'>, ' 43, *6* * @? R. U'="4 MS., * 1%]1 A. Y. (A.D. 1]%&).

A:' * 4 ;=*3, +' @* *6 5> +; :+6 4 *6 >='4* ' 4*/ (V. 9!).& I' 46+*, *6 4* '

*6 >='4* 5=> 4 '?+' ;+ *6 5*+', 4+ *6* *6@54 ' =+5, ' *64, 5=>; +; *4 4 '+* ' * 6', *6 *4 +' *6 :+ ;+@ *6 >*3, ' *

*6 4*'> +; * =4* 2+


112/393

;+@ >6 +*64 *6+4 +; *6 ;4* 4* +; 4. T6 2*6 +; >6 +; *6 '' 5*4 4

'+* :' ' *6 Vendidad 2* 54+' 4 *+ 6 64 2*64 ' 46 3*6* *6 * * 2+3 @3 '+* +; ! 4*54 (gaya), .., 2+6 *6 >'* 64 *+5'* ;+

5*+' 64 *+ :+ *6+6 +; *65*4. G+': *6++44 *6* 5* ' :+ *+ *6 +*6 +*6 5+44': *6 5*. T64 44>+ *6 4' + 46 +*6@+4*22+, *6 ;: +>>6 5* 4 ! 1u '. ' '* ' 1 !u '. '

1 V. 911.


113/393

THE BARASHNO >65* 2': & ;*. 9 !u '., 4 *6 7 '*=4 + 4*'>4 2*'*64 9 5*4, *63 +>> 2*' *6 ;4* 4* +; [122] ] 5*4 ' *64>+' 4* +; ! 5*4 2': 8 ;*. u '., *6 =':*6 +; *6 :+ (!% ;*. u '.) 2*' *6 ;4* ' *6 ''*6 + *6 =4* 5*, .., +' *6 E4* ' +'*6 W4*, *6 6+= =':*6 +; *6 :+ ' * *+ 2 +>>


114/393

6':4+@6* ;+@ *6 +:'= +' +; *6 Vendidad *@4, ' *4 +2?>*' ' *6 @** +; *6 54+'4 6+ 46+6 *6' ' *6+24'>. W == 6 @' *6 >6':4, 6>6 45>==3 '*6 ;+==+': 5+'*4 (a) I*4 =+>=*3. (') I*4 . (c) T6 ;+@ +; *4#agas + 5*4. (d ) T6 4*'> 2*' *6 5*4.


115/393

THE BARASHNO =*3, *6 54'* 246'+@:64 '+*

=34 3 ;+@ *6 >*3. I* 4 +'=3 * N+4, *6 += [123] 6d*+' +; *6Vendidad 4 ;+==+ ' *6 246'+@:6 4 4*,' *6 246'+@ 4 =++ *, 4 ;+@ +; 5*+' '>443

;+ *6 5;+@'> +; =*= 4>4 ' >@+'4 ' *6 F*@5=. I* 4 @+4*=3 *6 54*4 *6* '+34 * *6 246'[email protected]+, *6 +:'= d* 54+' 2': 5* 5*;+@ ;d 23 4*4 +; 4@== 4*+'4. E>6 4* >+'44*4 +; 4*+'4. T645> 2*' >6 4* +; 5*4 4 '?+' 23 *6 Vendidad 4 9 !u'. T6* 45> 4 '+ 5=> 23 4*4 +; ! 4*+'4 >6.

(d ) T6 #agas + *6 5*4 6': 2' +' 3, *6 4*'>4,@'*+' ' *6 Vendidad , 2*' >6 +; *6 5*4, vi%., 9 !u '.,' 2*' *6 ;4* 4* +; 4 5*4 ' *6 4>+' 4* +; *6 5*4,

vi%., 8 ;*. u '., '+* +24. T6 +@44+' +; *6 4@==4*'>4 2*' >6 +; *6 5*4 + *6 @+' 44 2*' *65*4, vi%., 4*4 +; ! 4*+'4 +'=3 2+6 +; ! 4*+'4, *+ 54'* *6 '*'': 45>4 2*'


116/393

*77 P!RIFACTORY CEREONIES AND C!STOS

*6 5*4 ' ==, 18 4*4 +; 4*+'4. B,' >+@@'>4 *6 5+>44 +; 55': *6 246'+@:6 +': *6 karshas. T6 4>+' * 4* +; 4*+'4 4 * *6 +*6' +; *6 =+': + +' *6 4*, ' * 4 +' *64 4* *6* *6 >'**4 64 ;'= 2*6. T64 4*+'4 :'==3 5=> 23 2+=: 4*+', 4+ *6* *6 54+' >' >+'''*=3 4*' + 4* +' * '6 64 2*6. T6 *6 + *6 ;'= 4* +; *6 4*+'4 ;+@4 *6;'* *@4, * >6*@ *6* *6 4 >4 +; 54+' 6+ 6 2>+@ ';>* 23>+@': '*+ >+'*>* *6 54+' ' 5+62* 3 + ' 3 +*6 *6' *6 5+5 + 54>2 3, 246'+@:6 4= + +; :+6':, '*4 +@@+'*6': [125] ;+ *6 =3@', 2+@@+' *6 *6 54*4, 6+ '* *+d4

2*' *6 5*4 5@''*=3 5=> 23 4*4 +; 4*+'4. I* 4 +'=3*6 karshas + *6 ;6 +>>4+' +;*6 246'+@, ' *6* 5* +; *6 5+>44 +'=3 4 '+34*>6'>==3 '+' 4 55': *6 246'+@:6./ A:', ' *6@+' *


117/393

THE BARASHNO *7*

H=K,1 S5:=,& D@4**,! ' W4*. B*+'

N+*6 *+ S+'* ;+ 5*+'>+@4 ' ;+@ *6 N+*6 ' '>4 *+ *6 S+*+' 4 ;+@ W4* *+ E4*. T6 >'* '*4 ;+@*6 W4* ' '>4 *+ *6 E4*. A:', *6 5='4 +; P+;.D@4** ' D. W4* ;'*. I : 5=' 6>6 :4 +; 2+*6, ' I == ==44 +; :': *6 246'+@ 23 ;'>4 *+ *.

1 Avesta, I'*+*+', 5. CL^^VI.

& Avesta, E4* B', Vendidad , 5. &9.

! Le Zend Avesta D


118/393

*7+ P!RIFACTORY CEREONIES AND C!STOS

a1&]b

4. The 0ro-e'' o/ ,ivi&, the 2ara'h&om.

N+ >+@ *+ *6 4* +; *6 5+>44 +; :': *6 246'+@. I == * ;4* 45 (A) +; 4+@ d44 *4=;.

GA. Pre5imi&ary Pre0aratio&'.

T6 5=@'3 55*+'4 >+'44* +; *6 ;+==+': (a)


119/393

THE BARASHNO *7

P5': + >+'4>*': *6 d'*.

Ga Pre0ari&, &e-e''ary reui'ite' /or the 2ara'h&om.

A* ;4*, *+ 246'+@==1 54*4 6+ 6 5+3 *+ *6 246'+@:6, *6;+==+': >+'4>* *>=4 d* +'4>* *, (c) T6 B64@,! .., *6 >+'4>* 46 +; *6S> F +; *6 A*46 B6@. B44 *64 >+'4>* *6':4,*6 ;+==+': =4 d4 64 @*==> 45++' * +' ' * *6 kusti + 4> *6. A'+*6 4*> 64 @*==> '= 4@==3 ** +' '. T6 ;4* *6 >+'4>* *6':4 5=> *6' $avi . T64 $avi 4 +' *6 4+ *6 2+ >+'4>* *>=4 ' +*6 '>443

*6':4 '*+ *6 246'+@:6, *6 *+ 54*4 5;+@ *6 kusti- $adya', +; *6 *. ' 5@+'==3 *6 *+ 4@== @*==> >* 46. T6' 6 @4 *6 *+ *5+*4 $+v ' 5+* *. A ; +54 +; >+'4>* * >+'4>* == *6 * ' *6 5+*4.

Gb Pre0aratio& o& the 0art o/ the 0arti-u5ar 0rie't ?ho ,ive' the0uri/i-atioath.

A;* 55': *6 d4.

& T6 khu' >@+'3 d*= +; *6 Y4' ' *6 +24'> +; >*'>@+'4.

! aS'4*b 4 4 *+ 2 45>= 5*+' >@+'3 @+': *6 H'


120/393


>+'4>* * 2;+ 5=+4 23 $+vi(@ C +' *6 5='), >*4 *6 ;+@ ;+@ 6@4=; +' 4* +; *6 4*+'4. I'+': 4+, 6 @+4 64 ** * >+'*'' +' +; *6 *+ 5+*4 5=> 2;+ 6@ 23 *6 +*6 54* +' 4* +;*6 4*+'4. T6 +*6 54* 45'=4 ; +54 +; *6 +v + *6>+'4>* * +' *6 >=+*64 +; *6 54*. T6==35+'4>* * 64 >=+*64 =4+. O' ;'46': 64 2*6, 6 5+'4>* *, *6 54* '+5+>4 *+ 55 *6 246'+@:6./ A4 4 2+, ' *6@+' 246'+@:6, *6 5=> 4 == 3 *6 *6 a1&8b 9 5*4,

'+34 5=> 23 9 4*4 +; 4*+'4 >6 ' *6 *6'*'': 4*4 +; ! 4*+'4 >6. W6* 4 =;* ==3 '+' 455': *6 246'+@:6./ H 5+>4 *+ *6 karshas 4;+==+4 H *4 *6 *+ N+:4 + *6 '''+** 4*>4, ' 646'4, *6 +' *6 *6 @*==> '= * *6 ' ' 64 :6* 6', '*6 +*6 *6 *6 45++' ' 64 =;* 6'. T6', :+': *+ *6 5=> 6 *6 4*4 +; 4*+'4 >+@@'>, 6 5=>4 *6 '= ' +; *6;4* 4*> +' *6 ;4* 4* +; ! 4*+'4 *6 ;4* * 4* @ D '*6 5=' ' 4*'4 ;>': *6 E4*. H *6' >*4 6* 4*>6'>==3 >== *6 D4*=4, *6* 6 5;+@4 *6>@+'3 4 '?+' 23 *6 D4**4 ' 'a3 , .., ' 4*4 =+


121/393

THE BARASHNO *76

'' 2+4 ;+@ W4* *+

E4* (E *+ F ' *6 5='), >*': ;+@+'3 +; *6 >'*. T6 54*, 6+ *6@'* +; *6 + +; 55': *6 246'+@:6.

Gd Pre0aratio& o/ the -a&(i(ate.

T6 >'* ;+ 5*+' ;4* *4 64 +'3 2*6 ' *6@+'': *6 *6 '>443 ** *6 '+'0++4*'4, ;+@ 6+@ 6 4 *+ 5 =++;.S+, ' B+@23 ' ' +*6 =: >'*4 +; 5+5 +; >*' =:+@+'4 *4 *6 5=@'3 2*6 * *6 T@5=. H 5=+*64. T6',6 :+4 *+ *6 B46+=+*6 +' *6 :+=+4 $+vi (A ' *6 5=') +, a1!%b '4 :' 5+@:'* =; *+ >6, ' =**= >+'4>*


122/393


' ' +' +; *6 *+ 4@== @*==> >+@ *+ *6 4* 5+5 +; *6 5+>44 +; *6 246'+@ >@+'3. T+ 54*4 d


123/393

THE BARASHNO *7:

*6+* 64 + 6 '@ ' *65*+' >@+'3 *4=;.

T6 >'* *6' ':*+ *6 4*, 6 >+4 64 6 *6 64 :6* 6', 2>'>3 *+ >+ 64 5* 5*.

T6 >'* ;+ 5*+' 6': *' 64 4* ' *6 $+vi +'>=+4+';' *6' *6* 45>. A4 *6 ';>*+' 4 '+* 5>**+ 45, *6 5+@4 +'* 4 4*. H 6+=4 *6 ''

'+** 4*> *6 *6 45++' ' 64 :6* 6', ' *6 4>+' 4*> *6 *6 @*==> '= ' 64 =;* 6'. T6', *6 >'* 5=>4 64:6* 6' +' 64 6. T6 4+' 63 6 '+ 5+6.1 W6' 6 64 *+ 43 '3*6': *6 ' 4 64 :6* 6' + 64 6, '*6' 434 6* 6 64 *+ 43. N+, 4 *6 >'* 64 *+ 45

1 W =' ;+@ H++**6=6++ ' 46 *6 64, ' *6 2+' 4 *6>' 23 5+46y@'4 4+', +; D


124/393

*7; P!RIFACTORY CEREONIES AND C!STOS

4+@*6':, 4 == 4 =* +', 6 64 *+ >+ 64 6*@5+=3 *6 64 6'.

T6 54* 6+ 64 '> *+ 5 +' 64 6' 6>6 >+4 *6 6. T6>'* *6' 5=>4 64 =;* 6' + *6 45++'. C @'* +'=3 *+6 *6 45++', .., *6@*==> 5* +; *6 4*>, ' '+* *6 ++' 5*, 6>6, 2':5++*>6 a1!!b :@4 +; ';>*+' ;+@ 6@. T6 54**6' >*4 *6 A46@ V+6* *6':4 5=>, ' *':, ' +' +; *6 4@== @*==>>'*:', 5+*+' @='./ T6 '': ;* *455=>*+' *+ *6 6', @ 5* +; *6 6, *6 >64, *6 :6* , *6 =;* ,*6 :6* 46+, *6 :6* '55=, *6 =;* '55=, *6 :6* 2,*6 =;* 2, *6 :6* 65, *6 =;* 65, *6 4'* ;+ 5*+' 4 @=, *6 55=>*+' @*+', *6 D


125/393

THE BARASHNO *7<

N+34, *6 55=>*+' 4 '+* 4+ 434*@*> ' '+* ' *64@ 4>44 + 4 '?+' ' *6 Vendidad . I* ;;4 '

4= 5+'*4(a) F4*=3, * 4 64*3 55=>*+' + 6 5*. T64*5= 5+>44 +; +55': * 4, 5654, *+ 5=>, ' *+ @ * 5+>44 +; *655=>*+' 4 '?+' ' *6 Vendidad . (d ) F+'* 2;+ *6 ;4*55=>*+' + 46':, 2=+4+'4>* *>=4 5=>. T6 >'* 4 4+=* *6' *6karshas + *6 ;*>6 ';>*+'. S+, 6*4 *6' 64 '>=+4'* 6+ *6' *+64 *6 64 =;* 6' *6 =;* +; *6 +:.

1 T6 4+=*+' +; *6 $+vis 4 4 *+ 2 2+' + 44+= 6' >+'*>* 4 @ 2*' 54+' + 54+'4 + *6':+ *6':4 *6' *6 $+vi ' 2*' 54+' + 54+'4, + *6': + *6':4 ++''>* D ' 4+ *6 4+=*+' 4 4 *+ 2 44+= + 2+'.


126/393

**7 P!RIFACTORY CEREONIES AND C!STOS

The (o, i& the 2ara'h&om -eremo&y.

I == 43 ; +4 6 +' *6 @+'3. I' *6 9*6 >65* +; *6 Vendidad , 6 =':*634>5*+' +; *6 246'+@ 5*+' 4 :', ;' '+;'> *+ *6 +:. B'*4 ;+ 5*+') 544 ;+@ +' 5* *+'+*6, *6 +: @3 2 6= 2;+ *6@ +'>./1 T6 8*6 >65* +;*6 Vendidad (s, !7!8) =4+ '?+'4 *6 54'**+' +; +: 2;+*6 >'*. T6 4>5*+' +; *6 8*6 >65*, *6+==3 *+ *6 >4 +; ' ';+

' +; 5+==*+'. I* 4 *6 >4 +; 54+' 6+ 64 @=3*+6 *6 >+54 +; +: + +; @'./ B4 ' *6 9 *6

>65* 4 *6 @+ 4+4 *6 >4 +; 54+' 6+ 64'+* 4@5=3 *+6 *6 2+3 2*+'*>* *6*6 >+54 ' *+ 6 4: *6 +24'>4 ' 4*>*+'4a1!]b '?+' 23 *6 *6' 4'*3 4 (V. 8), vi%., *6* +; @=3 *+6':*6 2+3 *6 >>'*==3 + ;+ 4+@ 54, 6 4 *+ :+ *6+*. T6 4+' 4@4 *+ 2 *6 ;+==+': O; *64= @'4 + 34 *+ 2 +5* *+ + 3 *6 *6 45 +;44 + ';>*+', +' 4 *6 453 >+'4'* 5='* 34. I' *6Vendidad , ;' ;'> *+ *6 += 5@* 3 6' >+544 5+4 +' *+54 +; @+':4 +; N*'* I'' ' @'3 34. H 4 4 5+=>@' *+ :


127/393

THE BARASHNO ***

;=46 +; *6 >+54 +; >4 54+' 6>6 +*64 ++@5+4':, ' *6' '':': *6 6=*6 +; 64 *+'.

S+ *6 +: 4, ' *6 34 +; ' '>'* I'', 3 '+@5+4*+' ' +; 4*+55': *6 45 +; 44 ' ';>*+'.S6 2': *6 >4, +' +; *6 4= +2?>*4, 63 +' *6 *6 +; 54+', *6 +: 4 2++54 ;+ sagdid , 4,*6* *6 +: @3 4, *6* 54+' 4 ' *6* 53 43 ;+ 6@. H @3, 23 '4*'>*, '+, 6* 4 *': ;+ [email protected] 4>+' +2?>*, 6>6 +4 ;+@ *6 ;4* +2?>* ' ;+@ == *62+ >+'4*+'4, 4 *6 @+ 43@2+=>. T6 +:, 2': *64>': +; N*>++'4*+'4, 6 4 2++54 ' @ *+ 4 *6

>+54. H4 3 34:6* 4, 4 * , @'4 +; 5*+'. S+@6 ;+ 64 54'> 2;+ *6 >+54.

F+@ *6 +; 64 54'> 2;+ >+54 6>6 4 :*>'* +; 5*+', ';>*+' ' 44, *6 +; 64 54'> 2;+ 54+' 6+ 4 5+==* ' 6+ 4 *6;+'+*6, *6+'* +; ';>*+' ' 44, 4 +'=3 +'4*5. T6 +: 4 @'4, >6''=, ' '4** *6

>+54, 44 5*+', 4+ *6*, 2': 5*+; 5*+'. T6 +: 4 +' +; *6 '4*+; ';>*+', =4* 64 ';>* >+'*+' @3 2 4+ +; ':,:+4 *6+ +; *6 +: 2;+ *6 54+', 6+ 3 ==3 4 4 ';>*++54, 4


128/393

**+ P!RIFACTORY CEREONIES AND C!STOS

43@2+=> ' 4:';>'*.1 a1!8b

N+ *6 +4 '+* 4@ *+ 2 '3 5*> ' *6>'* *+6': *6 =;* +; *6 +: *6 64 =;* 6'. A4 4 2+, *6 >'* 6 '+ ' *6' *+ 5 64 6 >+ *6 64 :6* 6'. A:', *6 +: 6 *+ 2 54'* *+ 6@ ;+@ 23+' *6 ;+'''* =4+ +' >>+6 *63 '* *6 246'+@:6,' *6 >'* 5+>4 *+ *6 4*. T6 54* 6+ ;*>64 *6 +:

=4+ >+@4 ' ;+@ *6 4*. S+, *6 +:, 6' * 4 @ *+ 4*' +'*6 =;* 4 +; *6 >'*, *6 *4 ;> *+4 6@, 64 64 =;* >+'''*=3 '. T6 4@4 *+ 2 '+ +*6 5*>=44 + '+='*. T6 +; >6= 4 *4* 23 5'* +*>6 *+ @ * =++ =**= 465.

T6 >'* 4 '+* *+ =* 64 =;* 6' *+6 64 2+3. H4 6'4

>=' ' *6 2+ 5+>44 +; *6 ;4* 5*+' 23 *6'':. H': >+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 4+@*6': =4, [139] 6>6, '*4 *+' 4* +; 4*+'4 6>654'* *6 '* #aga + 5*.

Re0etitio& o/ the a005i-atio& o/ nirang1 et-.

O' *6 +: 2': @+ ;+@ ' *6 >'*, *6 4+=*+'+; *6 >'* *6' *6 ;6* ( Lie'recht %ur Vokskunde, 5. !%) 44 6 5*3 +; B+@23, V+=. III, 5. !]% T6 D+: ' M3*6 ' C* ;+@ M. E. T3= L*6"4 N+*4./) M. W. W. F+=, ' *6 55 +' *6R+@' L@5:' 2*' *6 4 =@24 +; +:/ (5. 1%8). C;. T6 5@* 3 +;@': >+''*4 ' *6 O= T4*@'* (G'. 11%, 17, J@6 !18 * 4d.), 6' *6 >+'*>*': 5*4 544 2*' *6 *+ 5*4 +; 4>;> '@=.S+@ **2== 5*+3 *6+3/ ' +*64 5+*>**6+3/. Vide S J@4 FK"4 7okore in the d !esta#ent .


129/393

THE BARASHNO **

+; 64 $+vi + '>=+4 ' 646', ' >*4 *6 /e# na (a%da 53 *+ *6 4>+' 4* +; 4*+'4 (@ 2, '*6 5=') 6>6 54'* *6 4>+' #aga + 5* ; *+ ' *6Vendidad . T6* @'4 ' '*@*+' *6* 6 46+;'* *6'* 55=4 * *+*6 6+= +; 64 2+3 4 4>2 2+. T6 54* :' *4 *+64 $+vi (0). T6 4>+' 54* :' '>4 *+4 *6 >'* *6 *6 +:. T6 >'* :' *+64 *6 =;* +; *6 +:. T654* *6 *6 +: *4 ' *6 ;4* 54* :' :*4 +*4 *6 2+4 /e# n+ (a%d+ 53 4 4>2 2+, 44 *6 >'* *+ '> *+*6 *6 4* +; 4*+'4 ' :4 6@ *6 nirang ;+ 55=>*+'.T6' *6 54* *6 *6 +: :' '>4. T644, *6 *6 2+ *=4 ' 5*>6 54'* ' *6@+' 246'+@:6 23 *6 ;4* 4 4*4 +; 4*+'4 (, 2, >, , , ; '

*6 5='). A005i-atio& o/ 'a&(.

O' >+@': *+ *6 4'*6 #aga + 5* (g) + *6 4'*6 4* +; 4*+'4, *6 55=>*+' *+ *6 2+3 4 '+* *6* +; *6 nirang, 24 +; 6'': *6 nirang. T64 4 +'18 *@4, .., *6 4' 4 :' 18 *@4 ;+ 55=>*+'. T6 @+' 246'+@:6 4 >+ + *6 4' 6>6 4 '+>>4+'==3. S+, * 4 4+@ +; *64 4' *6* *6 54* :4 *+ *6>'*. H': :' *64 18 *@4, *6 54* :' *4 *+ 64 $+vi (0) ' *6 +*6 54* *6 64 +: '>4 ' *6 4@5+>44 +; *+6': *6 +: 4 :+' *6+22+, 6 *4

*6 A6. H *6' 44 *6 >'*, 4 2;+, *+'> *+ *6 8*6 5* + 4* +; 4*+'4 (h). O' *6 >'* *':

1 Vide 2+ 5. 99, '. &, ;+ *6


130/393


64 4* *6, *6 55=>*+' *+ *6 2+3 4 '*6 *6* +; nirang '++; 4' 2+'4>* *. T64 6 +4 *6 *@4.

T6 >'* 55=4 *6 >+'4>* * *+ 64 2+3 4 6 65++' 54* *6 *6 +: '>4, ' *64@ 5+>44 4 :+' *6+'* *+ '> *+ *6 ''*6 5* + *6 9 *6 4* +; 4*+'4(i ). H :' 6 :4 6@ *6> *6 >+'4>* * ;+55=>*+' 4 * *6 8*6 4* +; 4*+'4. T6 6+= +; *6 5+>44 4 *6

4@. B44 4 5* + :+' *6+. [141]

T6' :' *6 ;4* 54* :*4 +*4 Ahune#Vair9# tan2# $+iti, ?ath+ Ah2 Vairy * *6 8*6 4*: ' *> * *6 9*6

4*:), ' 44 *6 >'* *+ '> *+ *6 ;'= 4*:, .., *6;'= + *6 *'*6 4* ( 3 ) +; 4*+'4, 6>6, ' *6 @+' 246'+@:6, 4 :'==3 5=> 23 =: 2+ 4*+' +' 6>6+' >' >+'''*=3 4* ' 2*6. H :', *6 54* :4 *6>

*6 >+'4>* * ;+ 55=>*+' ' *6 4@ 5+>44 4 :+'*6+*= +; *6 534 23 *6 ;4* 54*' *6 55=>*+' +; *6 >+'4>* * 23 *6 >'* 45* + :+' *6+. T6 5+>44 +; *6 54'**+' +;*6 +: 2;+ *6 >'* 23 *6 4>+' 54* 4 :+' *6+.

The 2ath at the 5a't 'ta,e.

T6 ;4* 54*, ;* :': *6 >+'4>* * ;+ 55=>*+';+ *6 =4* *@ +' *6 =4* 4*:, 5=>4 *6 4@== @*==> >* 23 *6 *+' +; ; +54 +; +v + >+'4>* *' 5+'*, 6 5+ @+ Ahune#Vair9# tan2# $+iti / ' ?ath+ Ah2 Vairy


131/393

THE BARASHNO **6

5*4 *64 =4* +4 ;* *6 54*. [142]

T6 ;+==+': *2= :4 =4* +; *6 2+ *=4 +; *655=>*+'4, ->, ' *6 5+>44 +; *6 246'+@ 5*+',>>+': *+ *6 @+' 5>*>

A ta25e 'ho?i&, the &um2er o/ a005i-atio&'.

No. o/ the a,aG0it1 or the 'ta,e1

or 'et o/ 6'to&e'.

"i&( o/ the-o

'e-rate('u2'ta&-ea005ie(.

No. o/ a005i-a#

tio&'

Prayerre-ite(.

The 0re#'e&tatio&

o/ the (o,.

14* 4*: ..&' ,, ..! ,, ..*6 ,, ..*6 ,, ..]*6 ,, ..

I'*'': 45>54'* '*6 @+' 246'+@:6 23 ! 4*+'4.

7*6 4*: ..

8*6 ,, ..

9*6 4*:. P+>445*.

1%*6 + *6 ;'=4*:.

N':N':.N':.N':.N':.N':.

4' ..

+v (*) !

+v !+v !

+v !+v !+v !

!!!!!!

18

!

]

9

@ 'k MKk 1D+. 1D+. 1D+. 1D+. 1D+. 1

Ahune# Vairi#tan2# $+iti, ?ath+ Ah2 Vairy<' /e# n+ (a%d+. 1. ..

D+. 1

D+. &5* *>.

D+. !5* *6>.

O'>.,,,,,,,,,,

,,

,,

T>.

T6>.

T64 *2= 46+4 *6* *6 =*+:*6 18 55=>*+'4 +;nirang + >+'4>* * *. T6 ;4* 54* >* *6 /e# n+ (a%d+53 +'=3 4 *@4 ' >* *6* 53 *6 Ahune# Vair9#!an2# $+iti ' ?ath+ Ah2 Vairy'* 1! *@4.


132/393


Co&'e-rati&, the -5othe'.

A;* *6 >*= +; *6 ;'= /e# n+ (a%d+, 4 4 2+, *6

54* ;*>64 *6 >'*"4 ' 4* +; >=+*64 2;+ 6@. I* 45=> 4 ' *6 246'+@:6 2;+6'. H 5+*4 *6>'*"4 >=+*64 2;+ 6 56 6@' '* '+ 54 64 kusti +

4> *6 + 64 46++* 6>6 ;+@4 *6 4 ' 64 6'4. T6>'* *6' *6+4 *6 =++4 =+ 4* +; *6 :6*6' 4 +; 64=++4 6':': :+' ( 3+#+) +' 64 =;* 46+': 64 =;* 6''* 5=>4 64 :6* 6' >+ *6 *4 6':': 4=4 +*6 2+ 45++' ' +; *6 54*"4 '+** 4*>. I' == *64, >@


133/393

THE BARASHNO **:

6. Retreat a/ter the 2ara'h&om.

Retreat o/ < (ay'.

T6+'* 64 4*==*+ * ;+ ;6 *64>+' 5*+' 4 '+'. T6, 6 64 4*== *+ @' =++; ;+@+*64. H 4 '+* *+ >+@ '*+ >+'*>* *6 '3*6':. H4 ;++ '

* *+ 2 4 *+ 6@ ' 64 5=*4 ' >6;6 4 *6 >@+'3 ;+ *6 >+'4>*+'+; *6 :+@K + >+"4 *4, 4 *+ 2 5*. T6 54*4 ' *64 >@+'3 5>* *+ 544 *6 *@ ' 5=' @'*= +; +*64. I; *6+4 6+ >+'4>* *6': '+*@'*==3 5* 23 *6@ '+* 5>* *+6 *6 ';=' @ +*64 5==3 ' @'*==3. I' *6 >4 +;*6 '**4 + >'*4 ;+ 54*6++ (n+var), 4@= 4** +;@'*= 5* ;+ @6 =+': *@.

A:', *6 >'*4 '+* *+ 4*, 4*, + 4=5 +' ++' >64+ 2'>64 + 24, 6' ' *6 R**. T63 45 *6 24 +'*6 ;=++. W++' *6':4 == +. T63 '+* *+


134/393

**; P!RIFACTORY CEREONIES AND C!STOS

'3 55* ;+ '':. T63 *+ 5;+@ *6 $+dy+'=4+ *6 *6 55=>*+' +; =**= go#e% . T63 +24 *6 3

434*@ ' >+ + *63 4', $+vi + '>=+4 *6' ;+ *6 >'* *+ 4* +' *+ 2*6.T6' 54* *6 *6 246'+@, 6+ 64 5;+@ *6 6* * 5*4 == *6 *. I' *6 @*==>> 2*6, 2':4 *6 @*==> >+'*'': :+@K 2;+ 6@, ' 5=>4 * +'* ': $+vi + karsha + +64 6+= 2+3. H': +' 4+, 6 @+4 *6 >* * '5=>4 * 2;+ 6@, ': $+vi +* * +6 *6 >'* 4 *+ 5*4 *6 >=+*64 =4+. T6 >'* *6' 2*64 6@4=;. T6',5=+*64 ' 5=>': 64 4> *6 + 6446+ '*6 F*@5= ' +244 *6 :, *6*

the religious ceremonies and customs of the parsees

Documents