The RenaissanceThe Renaissancemeans “rebirth”means “rebirth”The RenaissanceThe Renaissancemeans “rebirth”means “rebirth”

• 1350 until 1600

• Europe’s cultural awakening=New ideas

– Go from Middle Ages to Modern Era

• 1350 until 1600

• Europe’s cultural awakening=New ideas

– Go from Middle Ages to Modern Era

Renaissance Video#1Renaissance Video#1

Italian RenaissanceItalian Renaissance• Began in Florence, Italy

– Center of trade in Mediterranean

• Began in Florence, Italy

– Center of trade in Mediterranean

• Humanism- Study of humanity– Interest in Greek & Roman classics; more

focus on individual– 1.) History– 2.) Philosophy– 3.) Latin– 4.) Greek

• Humanism- Study of humanity– Interest in Greek & Roman classics; more

focus on individual– 1.) History– 2.) Philosophy– 3.) Latin– 4.) Greek

• Seeking fulfillment in daily life

• Ideal person—who can do anything (Renaissance Man)

• Seeking fulfillment in daily life

• Ideal person—who can do anything (Renaissance Man)

• Humanist Writing- daily life & feelings

• Petrarch—introduced Sonnet– poetry

• Humanist Writing- daily life & feelings

• Petrarch—introduced Sonnet– poetry

• Italian Cities: Social Order

1.) Wealthy (merchants & bankers)

2.) Middle Class (artisans & shopkeepers)

3.) Lower Class (poor workers)

4.) Peasants (farmers)

• Italian Cities: Social Order

1.) Wealthy (merchants & bankers)

2.) Middle Class (artisans & shopkeepers)

3.) Lower Class (poor workers)

4.) Peasants (farmers)

• Medici family ruled (bankers)

• Used tax money to patron artists

• Medici family ruled (bankers)

• Used tax money to patron artists

Florence, ItalyFlorence, Italy

Brunelleschi- Dome on Cathedral of Florence

Brunelleschi- Dome on Cathedral of Florence

Donatello- Bronze DavidDonatello- Bronze David

Medici RuleMedici Rule• Ruled through threats & payoffs• Pazzi family conspiracy – Lorenzo stabbed

in church on Easter– Pope puts Florence under interdict &

excommunicates Lorenzo– When Lorenzo dies, Renaissance shifts from

Florence to Rome

• Ruled through threats & payoffs• Pazzi family conspiracy – Lorenzo stabbed

in church on Easter– Pope puts Florence under interdict &

excommunicates Lorenzo– When Lorenzo dies, Renaissance shifts from

Florence to Rome

Medici PopeMedici Pope• Giovanni becomes Pope Leo X

– Cardinal at age 16– Sold many indulgences – Martin Luther

spoke out against him

• Giovanni becomes Pope Leo X– Cardinal at age 16– Sold many indulgences – Martin Luther

spoke out against him

• Machiavelli’s The Prince

– Supports absolute power

– A ruler must do some evil

– “The end justifies the means.”

• Machiavelli’s The Prince

– Supports absolute power

– A ruler must do some evil

– “The end justifies the means.”

Petrarch Machiavelli

• Pope paid artists to decorate churches

• Pope paid artists to decorate churches

Rome, ItalyRome, Italy

• St. Peter’s Basilica was built during this time (Michelangelo)

• St. Peter’s Basilica was built during this time (Michelangelo)

• Lifelike

• Religious subjects

– Used perspective (to show depth)

– Studied anatomy

– Gestures & expressions

• Lifelike

• Religious subjects

– Used perspective (to show depth)

– Studied anatomy

– Gestures & expressions

ArtArt

Leonardo da Vinci -artist, writer, scientist, inventor, etc.

• Mona Lisa & Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci -artist, writer, scientist, inventor, etc.

• Mona Lisa & Last Supper

Michelangelo

• Sculpted David & La Pieta

• Painted ceiling of Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo

• Sculpted David & La Pieta

• Painted ceiling of Sistine Chapel

Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance Ideas spread through trade & Ideas spread through trade &

PRINTING PRESSPRINTING PRESS 1440—Johannes Gutenberg-moveable 1440—Johannes Gutenberg-moveable

metal type for printing pressmetal type for printing press

Gutenberg Bible

Renaissance Video #2Renaissance Video #2

Northern RenaissanceNorthern RenaissanceHumanism & Christianity Humanism & Christianity

together—Christian together—Christian HumanistsHumanists

Desiderius ErasmusDesiderius Erasmus The Praise of Folly- The Praise of Folly- criticized criticized

Catholic ChurchCatholic Church

Erasmus

Northern RenaissanceNorthern RenaissanceJan and Hubert van EyckJan and Hubert van Eyck11stst to use oil paints to use oil paints

Realism-Scenes of Realism-Scenes of everyday lifeeveryday life

1434 – From Arnolfini Portrait

Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance

Albrecht DurerAlbrecht DurerPaintings & wood cutsPaintings & wood cuts““Praying Hands”Praying Hands”

Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance 1485-Renaissance comes to England1485-Renaissance comes to England Sir Thomas MoreSir Thomas More-Criticized English -Criticized English

society in society in UtopiaUtopia Need for order & disciplineNeed for order & discipline

Sir Thomas More

Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare -most famous -most famous

English Renaissance writerEnglish Renaissance writer Romeo and Juliet, MacBeth, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, MacBeth, Hamlet,

Julius Caesar, Richard III, Henry V, A Julius Caesar, Richard III, Henry V, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, etc.Midsummer Night’s Dream, etc.

William Shakespeare