the renewable energy directive brussels, 15 february 2008 mauro poinelli dg agri, european...
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THE RENEWABLE ENERGY DIRECTIVE
Brussels, 15 February 2008Brussels, 15 February 2008
Mauro POINELLIMauro POINELLIDG AGRI, European CommissionDG AGRI, European Commission
THE JAN 23 THE JAN 23 “CLIMATE CHANGE PACKAGE”“CLIMATE CHANGE PACKAGE”
• ETS Scheme
• RES directive proposal
• Environmental State Aid Guidelines
(other energy and environmental policies)
THE RES DIRECTIVE PROPOSAL
• Reducing GHG emissions
• Enhancing security of energy supply
• Promoting technological development
• Providing opportunities for regional development
INCREASE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES FOR:
……BY MEANS OF MANDATORY TARGETSBY MEANS OF MANDATORY TARGETS
• Mandatory shares in 2020:
– 20% overall RE in EU energy consumption
• Break down by MS
– 10% min RE in petrol & diesel used in transport • Binding for each MS
……TO BE ACHIEVED TO BE ACHIEVED WITH FLEXIBILY & SUBSIDIARITYWITH FLEXIBILY & SUBSIDIARITY
• Intermediate targets– Overall indicative “trajectories”
• National action plans– Sectoral targets for H/C, e, T– Measures to be taken– Develop availability of biomass
...TO BE ACHIEVED COST-EFFECTIVELY...TO BE ACHIEVED COST-EFFECTIVELY
• Physical and virtual trade of RE across UE
• GO:– Extension to H (e)– Standardized requirements– Safeguards for MS in well justified cases
• Removal of administrative, grid, market barriers
…TO BE ACHIEVED SUSTAINABLY:
Sustainability Criteria apply to:
– Biofuels (liquid and gaseous fuels used in transport)
– Other bioliquids (liquid fuels used in heating and electricity)
• By 2010, the Commission will report on criteria for other energy uses of biomass
THE SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIATHE SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA
Aimed to ensure:
• A minimum GHG saving
• Avoid loss of high biodiversity land
• Avoid loss of high carbon-stock land
• Environmental requirements for agriculture
• Diversification of feedstocks
Ensuring GHG saving
Min. saving of 35%, compared to fossil fuel
• LC: from cultivation to final use• The directive set:
– Default values– Method for calculating GHG saving
Biofuel producers can choose to:– use default values; or– provide actual values, if so wished
Land use change, is part of the LC
Greenhouse gas savings from important first generation biofuels (lifecycle basis)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
typicaldefault
Source: proposed renewable energy directive (data from JEC Consortium)
Biodiversity criteria
No use of raw material from:
• forest undisturbed by significant human activity
• highly biodiverse grassland
• nature protection areas, unless compatible with
nature protection
High carbon-stock land criteria
No conversion of:
• wetland; or
• “continuously forested area”.
…and
Land use change, appropriately considered– Disincentive for grassland;– Incentive for desert land.
In generalIn general, demand expansion for agricultural commodities has so , demand expansion for agricultural commodities has so far been met mainly by productivity increases, not land use changefar been met mainly by productivity increases, not land use change
Change in production volumes and land use, 1980-2006
43%
64%
167%
17%
46%
-6%cereals sugar oil crops
production (tons)
land area (hectares)
Source: FAOSTAT
In particular for biofuelsIn particular for biofuels, some of the extra demand for , some of the extra demand for land is offset by reduced demand for feedsland is offset by reduced demand for feeds
m
Source: Sheffield Hallam University (2004); Technical assistance for various aspects related to the promotion of the use of biofuels in the EU - Eltrop et al. ( 2007)
Agricultural crops: ratio (mass) between biofuel raw material and by-product (generally used for animal feed)
64%
39%
20%
36%
61%
80%
wheat rape seed soya
raw material for biofuel
by-product
Environmental requirements for agriculture (for EU only)
biofuel production must comply with the “cross compliance” rules already in force under the CAP.
Diversification of feedstocks
Promotion of more technologically advanced biofuels
by double counting biofuel from:- wastes & residues;- ligno-cellulosic material; - non-food cellulosic material.
ENSURING THE CRITERIA ARE ENSURING THE CRITERIA ARE RESPECTEDRESPECTED
Penalty: only sustainable biofuels can be:
• Counted against the EU target• Considered eligible for financial support• Counted for the national biofuel obligation
Simplicity: only one scheme for the whole EU
• MS must apply the criteria set in the Directive• MS cannot go further
ENSURING THE CRITERIA ARE VERIFIED
The mass balance system:• Criteria apply to each consignment• Tracking consignments and evidence
• MS have primary responsibility for verification
“Certification schemes”• Accreditation of “certification schemes”• International agreements• MS must accept the evidence of these schemes
Review of the directive
MS reporting on:
• Developments in the use and availability of biomass resources for energy purposes
• Price and land use effects of biomass use
• Impacts of biofuel production on biodiversity, water resources, water quality and soil quality
Commission reporting on:
• Environmental benefits and costs of different biofuels
• Impact of increased demand on sustainability
• Impact on the food security in developing countries
• Impact on biomass-using sectors
… and, if appropriate, propose corrective action.