the reproductive system female. reproductive role produce the female gamete (ova) nurture and...
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The Reproductive System
Female
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Reproductive role
• Produce the female gamete (ova)• Nurture and protect a developing fetus during
9 months of pregnancy• Primary reproductive organ: Ovaries- Produce exocrine product: Ova- Produce endocrine product: estrogen and
progesterone
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Ovaries• The paired ovaries are the size and shape of almonds• Ovarian follicles: tiny saclike structures within the ovaries- Each follicle consists of an immature egg called an oocyte- Oocyte is surrounded by one or more layers of very
different cells called follicle cells
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Ovulation• As a developing egg within a
follicle begins to mature:- The follicle enlarges and develops
a fluid-filled central region called an antrum
- At this stage, ovulation happens: the follicle is mature and the developing egg is ready to be ejected from the ovary
• After ovulation, the ruptured follicle is transformed into a very different looking structure called a corpus luteum, which eventually degenerates
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Ovulation Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLmg4wSHdxQ
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Duct System
• duct system:- The uterine (fallopian)tubes- Uterus - Cervix- Vagina
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Fallopian tubes• Form the initial part of the
duct system• Receive the ovulated oocyte
and provide a site where fertilization can occur
• Each of the fallopian tubes is about 10 cm long
• There is little or no actual contact between the fallopian tubes and the ovaries
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Fallopian tubes• The distal end of each fallopian
tube is expanded and has fingerlike projections called fimbriae:
- As an oocyte is expelled from an ovary during ovulation, the waving fimbriae create fluid currents that carries oocyte into the uterus
- The oocyte is carried toward the uterus by a combination of peristalsis and rhythmic beating of cilia
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Fertilization • The usual site of
fertilization is the fallopian tube
• To reach the oocyte, sperm must swim upward through the vagina and uterus to reach the fallopian tube
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Uterus• It is located in the
pelvis between the urinary bladder and rectum
• Function: to receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized egg
• No pregnancy: It is about the size and shape of a pear
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Uterus
• The major portion of the uterus is referred to as the body
• Its superior rounded region above the entrance of the fallopian tube is the fundus
• Its narrow outlet which protrudes into the vagina below is the cervix
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Uterus• The wall of the uterus is thick and composed of 3
layers:- endometrium: inner layer- Myometrium: bulky middle muscle layer- Epimetrium: outermost layer
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Endometrium
• If fertilization occurs:- The fertilized egg implant itself
into the endometrium of the uterus and resides there for the rest of its development
• When a woman is not pregnant:- The endometrial lining is brushed
off periodically, usually about every 28 days, in response to changes in the levels of ovarian hormones in the blood (menses)
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Ovulation 2 Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkLUA05ExHA
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Myometrium
• Myometrium: - It is composed of
interlacing bundles of smooth muscle
- The myometrium plays an active role during the delivery of a baby
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Vagina• It is a thin-walled tube 8 to 10
cm long• It lies between the bladder
and rectum and extends from the cervix to the body exterior
• The distal end of the vagina is partially closed by a thin fold of the mucosa called the hymen:
- The hymen is very vascular and tends to bleed when it is ruptured
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External Genitalia
• Includes:- Mons pubis- Labia- Clitoris- Urethra- Vaginal orifice- Greater vestibular glands
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Vestibular glands
• A pair of mucus-producing glands• Their secretion lubricates the distal end of the
vagina
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Clitoris
• A small protruding structure that corresponds to the male penis
• Like the penis, it is hooded by a prepuce and is composed of sensitive erectile tissue
• The clitoris differs from the penis in that it lacks reproductive duct
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Perineum• The diamond shaped region between the
posterior end of the labial folds and the anterior end of the anus is the perineum