2/19/2013

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The Respiratory System

Liah Gutierrez

Billy Yeung

Kimberly De Jesus

Paola Barrera

(Period 2)

Outline

Function of the

Respiratory System

Major Organs

Lung Structure

Pulmonary Circulation

Bronchitis

Asthma

Lung Cancer

Tuberculosis

References

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Function of the Respiratory System

the most important function is to supply

blood with oxygen

the respiratory system does this through

respiration and pulmonary circulation

– Respiration: inhalation of oxygen in the body

and exhalation of carbon dioxide

Major Organs

Lung: Two cone shaped

organs, located in the chest

Nose: Entrance of the

respiratory tract

Pharynx (throat): located

behind the mouth; leads to

the stomach and lungs

Larynx: Contains vocals

cords, found above trachea

Trachea(wind pipe): A tube

that transports air from the

lungs to the bronchioles

Bronchioles: branches of the

bronchi that direct air into

the lungs

Alveoli(air sacs): sacs in lungs

where gas is exchanged

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Lung Structure

Broken down into smaller

compartments called lobes

– The right lung has 3

lobes, the left has 2

air enters the trachea and

enters the bronchi

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Lung Structure (continued)

Bronchi then break down into

bronchioles

– Bronchioles contain alveoli,

which absorb oxygen

Pleura is a cushion-like structure

that protects the lung

The diaphragm helps the chest

cavity expand

Pulmonary Circulation

Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back

The Process:

1) Blood travels from the right atrium of the heart to the right ventricle

2) The blood goes through the pulmonary artery to the lung

3) In the alveoli, carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged

4) The new oxygen-filled blood returns to the heart through the left

atrium

5) The left ventricle transports the blood in the aorta, a main artery,

where it exits the heart and into the body

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Pulmonary Circulation

http://www.elearningforkids.org/Courses/Liquid_Animation/Body_Parts/

Heart_and_Circulation/index.html

Bronchitis

Occurs when the membrane

becomes swollen and grows

thicker, shutting the airways in

the lungs

One of the most common

diseases from the respiratory

system

Two forms of bronchitis:

1) Acute bronchitis: lasting

from one to two weeks

2) Chronic: lasting at least 3

months

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Bronchitis (continued)

Symptoms:

– Mucus

– Fatigue

– Excess coughing

Signs

– Coughing

– Fever

– Chest pain

Treatment/Cure:

– antibiotic medicines

– cough syrup

– vaporizers

Asthma

Long-term disease that swells

and narrows airways

– Airways are narrowed by

muscle tightening,

swelling, and mucus

– Causes less airflow into the

lungs

Symptoms:

– Wheezing

– Chest tightness

– Coughing

– Shortness of breath

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Asthma (continued)

Signs:

– Frequent cough

– Loss of breath

– Common cold/flu symptoms

Most common in children

– 7 million out of 25 million

asthma patients are children

Asthma attacks occur when

systems become intense

Asthma has no cure, but it can be

treated

– Treatments: prescription

medicine and inhalers

Lung Cancer

Carcinoma of the lungs

Two forms:

1) most common type is non-

small cell lung cancer

2) small cell lung cancer

Symptoms:

– fatigue

– coughing up blood

– shortness of breath

– unexplainable weight loss

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Lung Cancer (continued)

80 % of lung cancer is caused by

smoking

Signs:

– irregular coughs

– repeated respiratory infections

– chest pain

Consists of 4 stages, 1 being the

best and 4 being the worst

Treatments depend on stage

– Surgery

– chemotherapy

– radiation

– photodynamic therapy

Tuberculosis

Contagious bacterial infection of the lungs

Symptoms infrequently develop b/c TB

bacteria usually remain inactive

Infection becomes active when the

immune system is weakened

Symptoms:

– Excess coughing

– Coughing up blood or mucus

– Fever

– Breathing difficulty

– Chest pain

– Wheezing

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Tuberculosis (continued)

Signs:

– Coughing that lasts three or

more weeks

– Coughing up blood

– Chest pain

– Pain with breathing

Treatments include prescription

drugs/ antibiotics

References

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001141/

http://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-tuberculosis-basics

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/tuberculosis/DS00372/DSECTI

ON=symptoms

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/respiratory-system-functions.html

http://blogs.msf.org/tb/mdrtb/?gclid=CKeB64XrobUCFQuynQodT

lUA6g

http://www.livestrong.com/article/104821-first-signs-tuberculosis/

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/organs-of-the-respiratory-

system.html

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Pulmo

nary.html

http://www.microbiologybytes.com/video/Mtuberculosis.html

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